[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"awarded-erc-advanced-grant-2010":3,"awarded-stats-erc-advanced-grant":1082},{"awarded":4,"total":1081},[5,16,22,29,34,39,44,50,56,61,67,73,80,85,92,98,104,109,114,119,124,129,134,139,144,150,155,161,166,172,177,183,189,196,202,207,213,220,226,231,237,242,249,255,260,265,270,276,282,287,292,297,302,308,314,319,324,329,334,340,345,349,354,359,365,371,376,382,387,393,398,403,409,414,419,423,428,434,440,445,449,454,459,464,468,473,479,485,491,496,502,508,513,519,525,531,537,543,549,554,560,565,570,575,581,587,593,598,603,608,613,618,623,628,633,638,643,648,653,660,666,671,676,681,686,691,697,702,708,714,718,724,729,735,741,745,750,754,759,764,768,773,777,782,788,793,798,803,808,813,817,822,827,832,837,841,846,851,856,861,866,871,876,881,888,894,900,906,912,918,923,928,933,937,942,947,951,956,961,967,973,978,983,989,994,998,1002,1008,1013,1018,1024,1029,1035,1041,1047,1053,1059,1064,1070,1075],{"id":6,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":9,"piName":10,"institution":11,"country":12,"year":13,"amount":14,"abstract":15},"cordis-european-research-council-award-247299","European Research Council","ERC Advanced Grant","Surface-Confined Metallosupramolecular Architecture: Towards a Novel Coordination Chemistry for the Design of Functional Nanosystems",null,"TECHNISCHE UNIVERSITAET MUENCHEN","DE",2010,"€2,568,000","The fascinating properties of transition metal complexes intrigued generations of scientists and spurred major technological developments. They are decisive for life processes and catalysis. More recently the pertaining coordination interactions were used to assemble discrete nanostructures and supramolecular networks. Here we aim at a rationale for the design of metallosupramolecular architectures in intimate contact with solid supports. We study and control individual functional molecules and ",{"id":17,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":18,"piName":10,"institution":19,"country":20,"year":13,"amount":10,"abstract":21},"cordis-european-research-council-award-246974","SUPERSYMMETRY: a window to non-perturbative physics","STICHTING NEDERLANDSE WETENSCHAPPELIJK ONDERZOEK INSTITUTEN","NL","Supersymmetry provides an invaluable tool for quantitatively exploring a large variety of non-perturbative phenomena arising in gauge theories and gravitation. This proposal intends to exploit this fact to make significant progress on three important topics in theoretical physics, namely, black holes, strongly-coupled gauge fields, and instantons and supersymmetry breaking. Besides supersymmetry, there is a variety of cross-links between these topics, as well as joint applications. The specific ",{"id":23,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":24,"piName":10,"institution":25,"country":26,"year":13,"amount":27,"abstract":28},"cordis-european-research-council-award-247305","Hydration lubrication: exploring a new paradigm","WEIZMANN INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE","IL","€2,304,180","In recent years, as first established in some 6 papers in Science and Nature from the PI s group, a new paradigm has emerged. This reveals the remarkable and unsuspected - role of hydration layers in modulating frictional forces between sliding surfaces or molecular layers in aqueous media, termed hydration lubrication, in which the lubricating mode is completely different from the classic one of oils or surfactants. In this project we address the substantial challenges that have now arisen: wha",{"id":30,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":31,"piName":10,"institution":25,"country":26,"year":13,"amount":32,"abstract":33},"cordis-european-research-council-award-246754","Ultrafast Hyperpolarized NMR and MRI in Multiple Dimensions","€2,499,780","Multidimensional nuclear magnetic resonance (nD NMR) plays a unique role in Science as a primary tool for the characterization of biomolecules, as part of drug-discovery processes, and in clinical imaging (MRI). Further progress in NMR is hampered by this spectroscopy s low sensitivity, arising from the weak interactions that it involves. The prospects of solving this problem by continuing with incremental bigger machines approaches are poor, given the high maturity reached by existing technolog",{"id":35,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":36,"piName":10,"institution":25,"country":26,"year":13,"amount":37,"abstract":38},"cordis-european-research-council-award-246837","Design of Novel Catalysis by Metal Complexes","€1,912,018","Global concerns regarding the economy, environment and sustainable energy resources dictate an urgent need for the design of novel catalytic reactions. We have recently discovered novel, environmentally benign reactions catalyzed by pincer complexes, including an entirely new reaction, namely the direct coupling of alcohols with amines to produce amides and H2 (Science, 2007, 317, 790). We believe that the mechanisms of these reactions involve a new concept in catalysis: metal-ligand cooperation",{"id":40,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":41,"piName":10,"institution":25,"country":26,"year":13,"amount":42,"abstract":43},"cordis-european-research-council-award-249919","Design principles and controllability of protein circuits","€2,261,440","Cells use circuits of interacting proteins to respond to their environment. In the past decades, molecular biology has provided detailed knowledge on the proteins in these circuits and their interactions. To fully understand circuit function requires, in addition to molecular knowledge, new concepts that explain how multiple components work together to perform systems level functions. Our lab has been a leader in defining such concepts, based on combined experimental and theoretical study of wel",{"id":45,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":46,"piName":10,"institution":47,"country":12,"year":13,"amount":48,"abstract":49},"cordis-european-research-council-award-246603","Early Modern European Drama and the Cultural Net","FREIE UNIVERSITAET BERLIN","€2,397,600","The project pursues a historical and a theoretical objective. First, it aims at giving a comprehensive analysis of (Western) European early modern drama as the first phenomenon of mass media in human history. Second, it aims at exploring the explanatory value of the metaphor of culture as a net. In that period, drama as performance casts the basis of modern mass media; it establishes for the first time in human history the cultural practice of a public visual culture that is not bound to ritual ",{"id":51,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":52,"piName":10,"institution":53,"country":12,"year":13,"amount":54,"abstract":55},"cordis-european-research-council-award-249780","Cyclic-di-GMP: New Concepts in Second Messenger Signaling and Bacterial Biofilm Formation","HUMBOLDT-UNIVERSITAET ZU BERLIN","€1,998,000","Biofilms represent a multicellular lifestyle of bacteria that causes serious biomedical and technological problems. Biofilm developmental involves an inhibition of motility and an induction of adhesins at the cell surface and culminates in complex structures, in which bacteria are embedded in an extracellular matrix, which renders them resistant against antibiotics and host immune systems. The overall objective of the proposed project is to clarify nature and nurture in bacterial biofilm formati",{"id":57,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":58,"piName":10,"institution":47,"country":12,"year":13,"amount":59,"abstract":60},"cordis-european-research-council-award-247029","Structured Discrete Models as a basis for studies in Geometry, Numerical Analysis, Topology, and Visualization","€1,854,400","Discrete structures appear throughout mathematics not only as approximations to continuous objects, but also as mathematical objects of their own right. The right discrete models should have analogous theory to the continuous limit, but often more transparent, more interesting structure, it tells you more. The proposed project has the agenda to connect, and make substantial progress in, a number of interesting, but rather diverse instances for this, including- Convex Polytopes as models for line",{"id":62,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":63,"piName":10,"institution":64,"country":20,"year":13,"amount":65,"abstract":66},"cordis-european-research-council-award-246812","The Influence of Interfaces, Confinement and Compartmentalization on Chemical Reactions","STICHTING RADBOUD UNIVERSITEIT","€2,147,726","Water is essential for life on our planet and is the solvent of choice for Nature to carry out her syntheses. In contrast, our methods of making complex organic molecules have taken us far away from the watery milieu of biosynthesis. Indeed, it is fair to say that most organic reactions commonly used both in academic laboratories and in industry fail in the presence of water or oxygen. At the same time of course, chemical reactors are very different from the cellular environment where Nature s s",{"id":68,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":69,"piName":10,"institution":70,"country":12,"year":13,"amount":71,"abstract":72},"cordis-european-research-council-award-250194","Molecular basis of carnivory Excitability, movement, and endocrinology of plant traps","JULIUS-MAXIMILIANS-UNIVERSITAT WURZBURG","€2,481,057","Predation plays a major role in energy and nutrient flow in the biological food chain. Carnivory is best known from the animal kingdom, but the plant kingdom has flesh eaters as well. This field has attracted much interest since Darwin s time, but many fundamental properties of the carnivorous life style remain largely unexplored. This project will close this gap by a multidisciplinary approach based on state-of-art bioinformatics, molecular biology, chemistry and biophysics. It will focus on 1.",{"id":74,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":75,"piName":10,"institution":76,"country":77,"year":13,"amount":78,"abstract":79},"cordis-european-research-council-award-247033","Risk and Valuation of Financial Assets: A Robust Approach","UNIVERSITAT WIEN","AT","€1,266,000","The recent financial crisis has brought to light the importance of correctly evaluating financial assets and their underlying risk. Any such valuation should be robust, i.e., should not be overly sensitive to the modelling assumptions. According to the Black--Scholes theory, which lies at the heart of most current valuation methods, the risk involved by a financial asset can be perfectly eliminated by pursuing a proper dynamic hedging strategy. Unfortunately, although formally elegant, this theo",{"id":81,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":82,"piName":10,"institution":76,"country":77,"year":13,"amount":83,"abstract":84},"cordis-european-research-council-award-249377","Distortions of Normativity: The NS-System and Morality","€1,261,004","The Nazi system was not amoralism in the classical textbook sense but a specific, though contorted normative order. The basic argument was that political emergency conditions made it necessary to replace the unstable liberal-democratic framework of the Weimar Republic by a 'new source of law : the authority and political will of the Führer. The claim to correctly interpret the Führer s will and intentions became the new foundation of legitimate political action . Consequently emergency decrees, ",{"id":86,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":87,"piName":10,"institution":88,"country":89,"year":13,"amount":90,"abstract":91},"cordis-european-research-council-award-246942","Hybrid CMOS\u002FMagnetic components and systems for energy efficient, non-volatile, reprogrammable integrated electronics","COMMISSARIAT A L ENERGIE ATOMIQUE ET AUX ENERGIES ALTERNATIVES","FR","€2,500,000","Spinelectronics merges magnetism and electronics (Nobel Prize 2007). Besides its fundamental interest, it has found applications in hard disk drives (1998) and in non-volatile standalone memories (MRAM, on market since 2006). MRAMs integrate CMOS components with magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJ). The PI and his team are convinced that besides MRAMs, this hybrid CMOS\u002FMTJ technology can yield a totally new approach in the way electronic devices are designed. Most CMOS devices such as microprocessors",{"id":93,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":94,"piName":10,"institution":95,"country":89,"year":13,"amount":96,"abstract":97},"cordis-european-research-council-award-249835","TERPENOYLATION: AN ORIGINAL CONCEPT FOR THE DISCOVERY OF NEW NANOMEDICINES","UNIVERSITE PARIS-SUD","€2,198,799","Terpenoids are a group of natural compounds that are extraordinary diverse in chemistry, structure and function. Most of the natural terpenoids are flexible and biocompatible biopolymers, having physico-chemical characteristics able to adapt to a wide variety of biologically active compounds. Surprisingly, they have never been used previously in the nanotechnology field for drug delivery and targeting purposes, except very recently by us to design squalene-based nanoassemblies. Thus, the current",{"id":99,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":100,"piName":10,"institution":101,"country":102,"year":13,"amount":90,"abstract":103},"cordis-european-research-council-award-247283","Flame Aerosol Reactors for Manufacturing of Surface-Functionalized Nanoscale Materials and Devices","EIDGENOESSISCHE TECHNISCHE HOCHSCHULE ZUERICH","CH","Nanotechnology research has been directed mostly to the design and synthesis of (a) materials with passive nanostructures (e.g. coatings, nanoparticles of organics, metals and ceramics) and (b) active devices with nanostructured materials (e.g. transistors, amplifiers, sensors, actuators etc). Little is known, however, about how well the unique properties of nanostructured materials are reproduced during their large scale synthesis, and how such manufacturing can be designed and carried out. A k",{"id":105,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":106,"piName":10,"institution":101,"country":102,"year":13,"amount":107,"abstract":108},"cordis-european-research-council-award-246574","Partial differential equations of Classical Physics","€1,278,000","I shall pursue two projects both of which belong to the fields of partial differential equations, geometric analysis and mathematical physics. The first project, ``the shock development problem, belongs also to the field of fluid dynamics and aims at a full understanding of how, in the real world of 3 spatial dimensions, hydrodynamic shocks evolve, my previous work having analyzed in detail how they form. The second project, ``the formation of electromagnetic shocks in nonlinear media aims at es",{"id":110,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":111,"piName":10,"institution":101,"country":102,"year":13,"amount":112,"abstract":113},"cordis-european-research-council-award-245728","Random Walks, Percolation and Random Interlacements","€583,092","The general theme of this research proposal involves random walks and percolation theory. The research proposal aims at exploring in depth the surprising links between on the one hand a class of problems directly pertaining to random walks (in particular related to disconnection, or the creation of large vacant components and separating interfaces), and on the other hand questions pertaining to a non-conventional model of percolation based on random interlacements. Traditional methods of percola",{"id":115,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":116,"piName":10,"institution":101,"country":102,"year":13,"amount":117,"abstract":118},"cordis-european-research-council-award-250071","Structural studies of the eukaryotic ribosome by X-ray crystallography","€2,446,725","The ribosome is a large cellular organelle that plays a central role in the process of protein synthesis in all organisms. Currently, structural information at atomic resolution exists only for bacterial ribosomes and some of their functional complexes. Eukaryotic ribosomes are larger and significantly more complex than their bacterial counterparts. They consist of two unequal subunits with a combined molecular weight of approximately 4 million Daltons and contain 70-80 different protein molecul",{"id":120,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":121,"piName":10,"institution":101,"country":102,"year":13,"amount":122,"abstract":123},"cordis-european-research-council-award-246637","Opto-Electronic Organic Materials by New Acetylene Chemistry","€1,690,200","Atom-economic, atom-economic (click-type)transformations of donor (N,N-dialkylaniline, TTF, ferrocene)-activated acetylenes with strong electron-accepting olefins (TCNE, TCNQ, tricyanovinyl derivatives) are applied to the construction of stable molecular and supramolecular chromophores with unusual electronic and optical properties. Their properties are characterized in interdisciplinary collaboration with the objectives to provide new classes of chromophores for opto-electronic device applicati",{"id":125,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":126,"piName":10,"institution":101,"country":102,"year":13,"amount":127,"abstract":128},"cordis-european-research-council-award-250278","Cell compartmentalization, individuation and diversity","€2,200,000","Asymmetric cell division is a key mechanism for the generation of cell diversity in eukaryotes. During this process, a polarized mother cell divides into non-equivalent daughters. These may differentially inherit fate determinants, irreparable damages or age determinants. Our aim is to decipher the mechanisms governing the individualization of daughters from each other. In the past ten years, our studies identified several lateral diffusion barriers located in the plasma membrane and the endopla",{"id":130,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":131,"piName":10,"institution":101,"country":102,"year":13,"amount":132,"abstract":133},"cordis-european-research-council-award-250210","Elucidation of MicroRNAs as Regulators of Metabolism and Targets for Therapeutic Intervention","€2,021,235","Small RNA-mediated regulation of gene expression is a recent addition to fundamental gene regulatory mechanisms that directly or indirectly affect possibly every gene of a eukaryotic genome. The predominant sources of small RNA in somatic tissues are microRNA genes that encode short dsRNA hairpins of evolutionary conserved sequence. Disorders of metabolism, such as obesity and type 2 diabetes are poorly understood at a molecular level. In this application we propose to explore if miRNA regulator",{"id":135,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":136,"piName":10,"institution":101,"country":102,"year":13,"amount":137,"abstract":138},"cordis-european-research-council-award-247303","Magnetostrophic Flow in Experiments and the Core of the Earth","€3,116,900","We describe here an innovative strategy for understanding the so-called magnetostrophic regime of fluid flow in the Earth s core, and thus the mechanisms by which the Earth s magnetic field is sustained over time. The magnetostrophic regime is the state in which Lorentz (magnetic) forces are balanced by Coriolis (rotational) forces and pressure gradients and is thought to be the zeroth order force balance in the core. We propose a series of ground-breaking experiments using liquid sodium contain",{"id":140,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":141,"piName":10,"institution":101,"country":102,"year":13,"amount":142,"abstract":143},"cordis-european-research-council-award-247277","Sparse Tensor Approximations of High-Dimensional and stochastic Partial Differential Equations","€1,349,564","The present project addresses numerical analysis and algorithmic realization of sparse, adaptive tensor product discretizations of partial differential equations (PDEs) in high dimensions with stochastic data. The aim of the project is to develop mathematically founded adaptive algorithms which are based on sparse tensorization of hierarchic Riesz bases or frames. These will be hierarchic multilevel bases in the physical domain, either Finite Element wavelet type bases or hierarchical, multileve",{"id":145,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":146,"piName":10,"institution":147,"country":20,"year":13,"amount":148,"abstract":149},"cordis-european-research-council-award-247072","Nanostructures for biology","TECHNISCHE UNIVERSITEIT DELFT","€2,499,091","I propose to employ our advanced capabilities for nanofabrication to explore new biology at the single-molecule and single-cell level. I choose to specifically address two directions of intense scientific interest: (i) With my team I will develop and exploit solid-state nanopores for the study of real-time translocation of individual biomolecules. In the past few years, my group has attained a leading position in this field and we want to apply our advanced knowledge to push the technology and u",{"id":151,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":152,"piName":10,"institution":11,"country":12,"year":13,"amount":153,"abstract":154},"cordis-european-research-council-award-246645","Asymmetric Cluster Catalysis & Chemistry","€2,301,600","The objective of the present scientific proposal is the implementation of a novel approach in selective and asymmetric heterogeneous catalysis. We aim to exploit the structure and chirality of small, supported metal and bimetal clusters for triggering selective and enantioselective reactions. Our Ansatz is beyond doubt of fundamental nature. Although chemistry and in particular catalysis evolved on a largely empirical basis in the past, we strongly believe the complexity of the challenges at han",{"id":156,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":157,"piName":10,"institution":158,"country":10,"year":13,"amount":159,"abstract":160},"cordis-european-research-council-award-250345","Cellular and circuit determinants of dendritic computation","UNIVERSITY COLLEGE LONDON","€2,416,078","What is the fundamental unit of computation in the brain? Answering this question is crucial not only for understanding how the brain works, but also for building accurate models of brain function, which require abstraction based on identification of the essential elements for carrying out computations relevant to behaviour. We will directly test the possibility that single dendritic branches may act as individual computational units during behaviour, challenging the classical view that the neur",{"id":162,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":163,"piName":10,"institution":158,"country":10,"year":13,"amount":164,"abstract":165},"cordis-european-research-council-award-249612","Exiting long run poverty: the determinants of asset accumulation in developing countries","€1,636,185","We propose to study the determinants of the accumulation of productive assets among poor households in developing countries with a special, but not exclusive focus, on human capital. We plan to study how preferences, beliefs, information, expectations and available resources affect investment decisions, how these investment decisions are transformed in assets and how these assets can affect the material well being of poor households. We will also study how the availability (or lack thereof) of c",{"id":167,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":168,"piName":10,"institution":169,"country":89,"year":13,"amount":170,"abstract":171},"cordis-european-research-council-award-246918","Higher Teichmüller-Thurston Theory: Representations of Surface Groups in PSL(n,R)","UNIVERSITE DE NICE - SOPHIA ANTIPOLIS","€1,549,200","Higher Teichmüller-Thurston theory is the study of a specific component of representations of a surface group of genus g in PSL(n,R). Teichmüller theory depends on a parameter: the genus g of the surface. Higher Teichmüller-Thurston introduces a new paramater n so that classical theory corresponds to n=2. Teichmüller theory is a crossroad between dynamics, complex analysis, spectral theory, geometry and integrable systems. It has started with the study of Kleinian groups and have received strong",{"id":173,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":174,"piName":10,"institution":101,"country":102,"year":13,"amount":175,"abstract":176},"cordis-european-research-council-award-247340","Synthetic Quantum Many-Body Systems","€2,000,000","This proposal shows a new path to explore frontiers in quantum many-body physics using degenerate atomic gases. We will address fundamental open questions, create novel quantum-many body systems and seek applications beyond the realm of quantum gases. A two-component Fermi gas in an optical lattice is a unique realisation of the Fermi-Hubbard model and it is intimately linked to elementary concepts and open questions in many-body physics. We will develop novel tools for continuous cooling and de",{"id":178,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":179,"piName":10,"institution":180,"country":102,"year":13,"amount":181,"abstract":182},"cordis-european-research-council-award-249375","The evolution of social life and division of labour","UNIVERSITE DE LAUSANNE","€2,497,500","The hallmark of social insect colonies is reproductive division of labour which is often associated with dramatic morphological and behavioural differences between queens, workers and males. The aim of this proposal is three-fold. First, we will use our recently developed fiducial identification system to investigate the general principles of social organisation and division of labour. The video tracking of workers labelled with markers derived from the augmented reality library ARTag allows us ",{"id":184,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":185,"piName":10,"institution":186,"country":12,"year":13,"amount":187,"abstract":188},"cordis-european-research-council-award-250241","Linear ubiquitin chains - novel cellular signals involved in inflammation and cancer","JOHANN WOLFGANG GOETHE-UNIVERSITAET FRANKFURT AM MAIN","€2,440,560","Ubiquitin (Ub) is a small modifier that labels proteins in a highly specific manner. Like phosphorylation, modification of proteins by Ub is prevalent in the majority of cellular processes. An increasing number of distinct functions have been assigned to different types of ubiquitin modifications (monoUb and different Lys-linked chains). Moreover, aberrations in the ubiquitin system underlie many disease states, including cancer, inflammatory, immune and metabolic disorders as well as neurodegen",{"id":190,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":191,"piName":10,"institution":192,"country":193,"year":13,"amount":194,"abstract":195},"cordis-european-research-council-award-250322","Higher order structure and function of biomembranes","AARHUS UNIVERSITET","DK","€2,444,180","The biomembrane is a prerequisite of life. It enables the cell to maintain a controlled environment and to establish electrochemical gradients as rapidly accessible energy stores. Biomembranes also provide scaffold for organisation and spatial definition of signal transmission in the cell. Crystal structures of membrane proteins are determined with an increasing pace. Along with functional studies integral studies of individual membrane proteins are now widely implemented. The BIOMEMOS proposal ",{"id":197,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":198,"piName":10,"institution":199,"country":200,"year":13,"amount":175,"abstract":201},"cordis-european-research-council-award-250167","Genes, environment and immunity in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis","KAROLINSKA INSTITUTET","SE","Aims and significance: The aims of this program are (1) To obtain new understanding of how environmental and life style factors interact with genes to induce immune reactions able to cause the different forms of arthritis that are defined as RA; (2) To use this understanding to develop prevention and targeted therapy for different forms of RA, and to enable efficient and eventually curative therapy. Background: We build on new understanding or RA etiology that has followed from studies on intera",{"id":203,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":204,"piName":10,"institution":199,"country":200,"year":13,"amount":205,"abstract":206},"cordis-european-research-council-award-250021","New mechanisms of angiogenesis modulators in switching between white and brown adipose tissues","€2,411,547","Understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying adipose blood vessel growth or regression opens new fundamentally insight into novel therapeutic options for the treatment of obesity and its related metabolic diseases such as type 2 diabetes and cancer. Unlike any other tissues in the body, the adipose tissue constantly experiences expansion and shrinkage throughout the adult life. Adipocytes in the white adipose tissue have the ability to switch into metabolically highly active brown-like adip",{"id":208,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":209,"piName":10,"institution":210,"country":102,"year":13,"amount":211,"abstract":212},"cordis-european-research-council-award-246749","Carbonate Biomineralization in the Marine Environment: Paleo-climate proxies and the origin of vital effects","ECOLE POLYTECHNIQUE FEDERALE DE LAUSANNE","€2,182,000","This interdisciplinary proposal has the objective to greatly enhance our understanding of fundamental biomineralization processes involved in the formation of calcium carbonates by marine organisms, such as corals, foraminifera and bivalves, in order to better understand vital effects. This is essential to the application of these carbonates as proxies for global (paleo-) environmental change. The core of the proposal is an experimental capability that I have pioneered during 2008: Dynamic stabl",{"id":214,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":215,"piName":10,"institution":216,"country":217,"year":13,"amount":218,"abstract":219},"cordis-european-research-council-award-249394","The early state and its chora. Towns, villages and landscape at Ebla in Syria during the 3rd Millennium BC. Royal archives, visual and material culture, remote sensing and artificial neural networks","UNIVERSITA DEGLI STUDI DI ROMA LA SAPIENZA","IT","€1,105,240","The case of Ebla in northern Syria is certainly the most favourable one for enhancing our understanding of mechanisms of functioning of the early state. The discovery in 1975 of royal archives consisting of 17.000 cuneiform tablets dating to c. 2300 BC has supplied the scientific community with an invaluable mass of documents dealing with all aspects of state organization. These tablets inform us about the political, diplomatic and military affairs of the Eblaite state, as well as on the economi",{"id":221,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":222,"piName":10,"institution":223,"country":26,"year":13,"amount":224,"abstract":225},"cordis-european-research-council-award-249930","Corals and global warming: The Mediterranean versus the Red Sea","BAR ILAN UNIVERSITY","€3,332,032","CoralWarm will generate for the first time projections of temperate and subtropical coral survival by integrating sublethal temperature increase effects on metabolic and skeletal processes in Mediterranean and Red Sea key species. CoralWarm unique approach is from the nano- to the macro-scale, correlating molecular events to environmental processes. This will show new pathways to future investigations on cellular mechanisms linking environmental factors to final phenotype, potentially improving ",{"id":227,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":228,"piName":10,"institution":229,"country":20,"year":13,"amount":90,"abstract":230},"cordis-european-research-council-award-247298","Multi-scale modeling of mass and heat transfer in dense gas-solid flows","TECHNISCHE UNIVERSITEIT EINDHOVEN","Dense gas-solid flows have been the subject of intense research over the past decades, owing to its wealth of scientifically interesting phenomena, as well as to its direct relevance for innumerable industrial applications. Dense gas solid flows are notoriously complex and its phenomena difficult to predict. This finds its origin in the large separation of relevant scales: particle-particle and particle-gas interactions at the microscale (\u003C 1 mm) dictate the phenomena that occur at the macroscal",{"id":232,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":233,"piName":10,"institution":234,"country":235,"year":13,"amount":10,"abstract":236},"cordis-european-research-council-award-247368","Three Dimensional Spintronics","THE CHANCELLOR MASTERS AND SCHOLARS OF THE UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE","UK","Spintronics, in which both the spin and the charge of the electron are used, is one of the most exciting new disciplines to emerge from nanoscience. The 3SPIN project seeks to open a new research front within spintronics: namely 3-dimensional spintronics, in which magnetic nanostructures are formed into a 3-dimensional interacting network of unrivalled density and hence technological benefit. 3SPIN will explore early-stage science that could underpin 3-dimensional metallic spintronics. The thesi",{"id":238,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":239,"piName":10,"institution":229,"country":20,"year":13,"amount":240,"abstract":241},"cordis-european-research-council-award-246829","From Supramolecular Polymers to Compartmentalized Systems","€1,947,937","This ERC Grant proposal aims to explore the many challenges offered by non-covalent synthesis of functional supramolecular systems. This proposal will use the many possibilities of supramolecular polymers and how we envisage the construction of supramolecular compartmentalized systems based on specific secondary interactions. By studying the mechanisms of the formation of supramolecular polymers, new entrees are foreseen to limit the degree of supramolecular polymers by anti-cooperative mechanis",{"id":243,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":244,"piName":10,"institution":245,"country":246,"year":13,"amount":247,"abstract":248},"cordis-european-research-council-award-250350","Science and technology development for in situ detection and cjharacterization of subsurface life on the Iberian Pyritic Belt","INSTITUTO NACIONAL DE TECNICA AEROESPACIAL ESTEBAN TERRADAS","ES","€3,246,000","Terrestrial subsurface geomicrobiology is a matter of growing interest on many level. From a fundamental point of view, it seeks to determine wheter life can be sustained in the absence of radiation. From an astrobiological point of view, it is an interesting model for early life on Earth, as well as a representation of life as it could occur in other planetary bodies. Río Tinto is an unusual extreme acidic environment, it rises in the core of the Iberian Pyritic Belt (IPB), one of the biggest s",{"id":250,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":251,"piName":10,"institution":252,"country":235,"year":13,"amount":253,"abstract":254},"cordis-european-research-council-award-247331","Geometric analysis, complex geometry and gauge theory","IMPERIAL COLLEGE OF SCIENCE TECHNOLOGY AND MEDICINE","€1,501,361","The proposal is for work in Geometric Analysis aimed at two different problems. One is to establish necessary and sufficient conditions for the existence of extremal metrics on complex algebraic manifolds. These metrics are characterised by conditions on their curvature tensor a paradigm being the Riemannian version of the Einstein equation of General Relativity The standard conjecture is that the right condition should be the stability of the manifold, a condition defined entirely in the langua",{"id":256,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":257,"piName":10,"institution":258,"country":235,"year":13,"amount":10,"abstract":259},"cordis-european-research-council-award-249872","Linking ecological and evolutionary dynamics in theory, in the lab and in the field","THE CHANCELLOR, MASTERS AND SCHOLARS OF THE UNIVERSITY OF OXFORD","Population biologists do not have a well-developed quantitative framework that links ecological and evolutionary dynamics in variable environments. Recent advances in stochastic demography and evolutionary biology mean that the formulation of a general quantitative framework is now within reach. The objective of this proposal is to develop this framework and to apply it to a laboratory and a field system. The key to linking evolutionary and population dynamics in variable environments is to unde",{"id":261,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":262,"piName":10,"institution":252,"country":235,"year":13,"amount":263,"abstract":264},"cordis-european-research-council-award-247031","Complex Interfacial Flows: From the Nano- to the Macro-Scale","€1,273,788","A wide variety of natural phenomena and technological applications involve flow, transport and chemical reactions taking place on or near fluid-solid or fluid-fluid interfaces. From gravity currents under water and lava flows to heat and mass transport processes in engineering applications and to the rapidly developing field of microfluidics. Both equilibrium properties of a fluid and transportcoefficients are modified in the vicinity of interfaces. The effect of these changes is crucial in the ",{"id":266,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":267,"piName":10,"institution":268,"country":200,"year":13,"amount":90,"abstract":269},"cordis-european-research-council-award-246776","New Paradigm in the Design of Degradable Polymeric Materials - Macroscopic Performance Translated to all Levels of Order","KUNGLIGA TEKNISKA HOEGSKOLAN","A new generation of polymeric materials is needed promptly that does not behave like traditional commodity plastics in terms of environmental interaction, degradation pattern, fragmentation tendency, and biological persistency. I herein propose a new paradigm in the design of polymeric materials; the design of polymeric materials through a retro-structural approach where the macroscopic performance is translated to every scale level of structural order so that appropriate molecular recognitions ",{"id":271,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":272,"piName":10,"institution":273,"country":235,"year":13,"amount":274,"abstract":275},"cordis-european-research-council-award-247450","Bioinorganic Chemistry for the Design of New Medicines","UNIVERSITY OF WARWICK","€1,565,397","Bioinorganic chemistry is a rapidly expanding area of research, but the potential for the therapeutic application of metal complexes is highly underdeveloped. The basic principles required to guide the development of metal-containing therapeutic agents are lacking, despite the unique therapeutic opportunities which they offer. It is the goal of the proposed research to establish basic principles of medicinal coordination chemistry of metals that will allow the rational screening of future metall",{"id":277,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":278,"piName":10,"institution":279,"country":12,"year":13,"amount":280,"abstract":281},"cordis-european-research-council-award-246622","Large Scale Production, Cloning, Chemical Functionalization and Materials Applications of Graphene","FRIEDRICH-ALEXANDER-UNIVERSITAET ERLANGEN-NUERNBERG","€1,436,400","We propose the development of modern wet chemical concepts for the mass production and chemical modification of graphene - a rapidly rising star on the horizon of materials science - opening the door for superior but still elusive applications such as transparent electrodes, field effect transistors, solar cells, gas sensors and polymer enforcement. Owing to its spectacular electronic properties graphene is expected to be the most promising candidate to replace classical Si-technology and no lon",{"id":283,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":284,"piName":10,"institution":210,"country":102,"year":13,"amount":285,"abstract":286},"cordis-european-research-council-award-247170","Modeling Brain Circuitry using Scales Ranging from Micrometer to Nanometer","€2,495,982","If we are ever to unravel the mysteries of brain function at its most fundamental level, we will need a precise understanding of how its component neurons connect to each other. Furthermore, given the many recent advances in genetic engineering, viral targeting, and immunohistochemical labeling of specific cellular structures, there is a growing need for automated quantitative assessment of neuron morphology and connectivity. Electron microscopes can now provide the nanometer resolution that is ",{"id":288,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":289,"piName":10,"institution":210,"country":102,"year":13,"amount":290,"abstract":291},"cordis-european-research-council-award-247404","Mesoscopic Junctions for Light Energy Harvesting and Conversion","€2,046,000","Research will focus on the generation of electric power by mesoscopic solar cells, a domain where the PI has an outstanding track record and leadership on the global scale. The target is to increase the photovoltaic conversion efficiency from currently 11 to over 15 percent rendering these new solar cells very attractive for applications in large areas of photovoltaic electricity production. The approach to reach this challenging target is highly creative and has a strongly interdisciplinary cha",{"id":293,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":294,"piName":10,"institution":210,"country":102,"year":13,"amount":295,"abstract":296},"cordis-european-research-council-award-246810","Nanosystems: Architectures, Design and Applications","€2,499,594","Nanosystems are integrated systems exploiting nanoelectronic devices. In particular, this proposal considers silicon nanowire and carbon nanotube technologies as replacement\u002Fenhancement of current silicon technologies. This proposal addresses high-risk, high-reward research, unique in its kind. The broad objective of this proposal is to study system organization, architectures and design tools which, based on a deep understanding and abstraction of the manufacturing technologies, allow us to rea",{"id":298,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":299,"piName":10,"institution":210,"country":102,"year":13,"amount":300,"abstract":301},"cordis-european-research-council-award-247006","Sparse Sampling: Theory, Algorithms and Applications","€1,839,174","Signal representations with Fourier and wavelet bases are central to signal processing and communications. Non-linear approximation methods in such bases are key for problems like denoising, compression and inverse problems. Recently, the idea that signals that are sparse in some domain can be acquired at low sampling density has generated strong interest, under various names like compressed sensing, compressive sampling and sparse sampling. We aim to study the central problem of acquiring conti",{"id":303,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":304,"piName":10,"institution":305,"country":26,"year":13,"amount":306,"abstract":307},"cordis-european-research-council-award-249466","Projections of Jerusalem in Europe: A Monumental Network","THE HEBREW UNIVERSITY OF JERUSALEM","€1,778,719","This project concerns the monumental, multimedia, interactive re-creations of Jerusalem in Europe. These monuments represent the loca sancta through architectures in spatial and topographical relationships that reproduce the real ones, sculptural groups that re-enact the respective event in a painted décor, with artifacts completing the ambience. The project proposes to document, comprehensively study and conceptualize these sites. Their exact number is not known since a comprehensive study has ",{"id":309,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":310,"piName":10,"institution":311,"country":102,"year":13,"amount":312,"abstract":313},"cordis-european-research-council-award-250117","Signalling within the mammalian circadian timing system","UNIVERSITE DE GENEVE","€2,360,136","The main objective of this interdisciplinary research project is to elucidate regulatory mechanisms through which the circadian timing system coordinates temporal physiology. This system has a hierarchical architecture, in that a master clock in the brain s suprachiasmatic nucleus synchronizes subsidiary oscillators in nearly all body cells. The establishment of phase coherence is obviously of utmost importance in the coordination of circadian physiology. While recent studies have identified fee",{"id":315,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":316,"piName":10,"institution":311,"country":102,"year":13,"amount":317,"abstract":318},"cordis-european-research-council-award-249968","Conserved Non-Coding Sequences; function, variability and phenotypic consequences","€2,353,920","Comparative genomics revealed that ~5% of the human genome is conserved among mammals. This fraction is likely functional, and could harbor pathogenic mutations. We have shown (Nature 2002, Science 2003) that more than half of the constrained fraction of the genome consists of Conserved Non-Coding sequences (CNCs). Model organisms provided evidence for enhancer activity for a fraction of CNCs; in addition another fraction is part of large non-coding RNAs (lincRNA). However, the function of the m",{"id":320,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":321,"piName":10,"institution":322,"country":12,"year":13,"amount":90,"abstract":323},"cordis-european-research-council-award-246799","Towards 4D Imaging of Fundamental Processes on the Atomic and Sub-Atomic Scale","LUDWIG-MAXIMILIANS-UNIVERSITAET MUENCHEN","State-of-the-art microscopy and diffraction imaging provides insight into the atomic and sub-atomic structure of matter. They permit determination of the positions of atoms in a crystal lattice or in a molecule as well as the distribution of electrons inside atoms. State-of-the-art time-resolved spectroscopy with femtosecond and attosecond resolution provides access to dynamic changes in the atomic and electronic structure of matter. Our proposal aims at combining these two frontier techniques o",{"id":325,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":326,"piName":10,"institution":322,"country":12,"year":13,"amount":327,"abstract":328},"cordis-european-research-council-award-249388","Change in Policy Fields: The Impact of International and Domestic Factors on Morality Policies in 25 OECD Countries Between 1980 and 2010","€2,056,800","MORAPOL pursues two basic objectives that entail both empirically and theoretically fundamental advances of the state-of-the-art. First, MORAPOL takes an innovative empirical focus. It is the first to provide systematic empirical knowledge on the development of morality policies. This policy area is so far unexplored from a policy-analytical perspective. The focus is on changing patterns of morality policy over time, across countries and policy subfields. The project compares morality policies i",{"id":330,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":331,"piName":10,"institution":322,"country":12,"year":13,"amount":332,"abstract":333},"cordis-european-research-council-award-250268","Host-environment interactions in the protection from asthma and allergies","€2,155,697","Asthma and allergies are chronic conditions affecting billions of Europeans. These complex diseases are determined by interplay of genetic and environmental factors. Treatments can control symptoms, but cannot cure or prevent the diseases. I, and my team, have shown that children are strongly protected from asthma and allergies when growing up in a farming environment rich in microbial exposures: the prevalence of asthma and hay fever is reduced over 5 fold. We have shown that environmental expo",{"id":335,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":336,"piName":10,"institution":337,"country":12,"year":13,"amount":338,"abstract":339},"cordis-european-research-council-award-249440","Syllables and the Timing of Speech","UNIVERSITAET POTSDAM","€1,120,705","Project summary: The project develops an integrative symbolic-dynamical framework for gaining a fundamental understanding of the relation between qualitative spoken language form, also known as phonological form, and the continuous speech movements and acoustics in which this form is realized. The empirical domain is syllables. The syllable is a central unit of spoken language, mediating between lower-level properties of individual sounds and higher-level prosody. In its first aim, the proposed ",{"id":341,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":342,"piName":10,"institution":322,"country":12,"year":13,"amount":343,"abstract":344},"cordis-european-research-council-award-247076","Explosive Volcanism in the Earth System","€2,991,058","Volcanism, is a vital factor in the Earth system. Molten silicates are a major transport agent in the differentiation and interaction of lithosphere, hydrosphere, atmosphere, and biosphere. Further, the immediate consequences of volcanic eruptions on all scales - local, regional and global - are issues of direct practical relevance to mankind as they are measured in lives, infrastructure and the environment. Volcanism is the result of a complex interplay of physico-chemical processes operating a",{"id":346,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":347,"piName":10,"institution":322,"country":12,"year":13,"amount":90,"abstract":348},"cordis-european-research-council-award-249929","Structure-Function Analysis of the Chemokine Interactome for Therapeutic Targeting and Imaging in Atherosclerosis","Atherosclerosis is characterized by chronic inflammation of the arterial wall. Mononuclear cell recruitment is driven by chemokines that can be deposited e.g. by activated platelets on inflamed endothelium. Chemokines require oligomerization and immobilization for efficient function, and recent evidence supports the notion that heterodimer formation between chemokines constitutes a new regulatory principle amplifying specific chemokine activities while suppressing others. Although crucial to inf",{"id":350,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":351,"piName":10,"institution":311,"country":102,"year":13,"amount":352,"abstract":353},"cordis-european-research-council-award-247286","Tropical Geometry","€1,928,800","The goal of this project is to develop Tropical Geometry, a newly emerging kind of algebraic geometry. It is expected to be more powerful than Classical Geometry in a range of applications (particularly in Physics-minded applications). In the same time it is significantly simpler in several mathematical aspects. In the last decade a number of initial applications of this new geometry has appeared with a success, particularly in the framework of the so-called Gromov-Witten theory, based on curves",{"id":355,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":356,"piName":10,"institution":88,"country":89,"year":13,"amount":357,"abstract":358},"cordis-european-research-council-award-249830","Converging Criteria for Consciousness: Using neuroimaging methods to characterize subliminal and conscious processing","€2,486,640","We aim to find the limits of subliminal information processing and clarify the function and brain architecture underlying conscious processing in adults, infants, patients and non-human primates. (1) We will design experimental tests applicable to non-verbal organisms that can reveal behavioral and cerebral signatures of conscious processing. Those tests, respectively called rule extraction and central collision , each comprise an automatic sensory component and a central component thought to re",{"id":360,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":361,"piName":10,"institution":362,"country":200,"year":13,"amount":363,"abstract":364},"cordis-european-research-council-award-247219","Formalization of Constructive Mathematics","GOETEBORGS UNIVERSITET","€1,912,288","The general theme is to explore the connections between reasoning and computations in mathematics. There are two main research directions. The first research direction is a refomulation of Hilbert's program, using ideas from formal, or pointfree topology. We have shown, with multiple examples, that this allows a partial realization of this program in commutative algebra, and a new way to formulate constructive mathematics. The second research direction explores the computational content using ty",{"id":366,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":367,"piName":10,"institution":368,"country":89,"year":13,"amount":369,"abstract":370},"cordis-european-research-council-award-250333","Paving the way toward HIV eradication\u002Fcontrol","CENTRE NATIONAL DE LA RECHERCHE SCIENTIFIQUE CNRS","€2,019,500","Human Immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), the causative agent of AIDS, infects primarily cells of the immune system. The outcome of HIV-1 infection results from complex interactions between viral proteins and host cell factors (ref). In most cases, HIV-1 successfully hijacks cellular pathways and bypasses cellular restriction factors for optimal replication leading to continuous rounds of infection, replication and cell death (ref). Continuous viral replication causes the loss of CD4+T cells ",{"id":372,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":373,"piName":10,"institution":368,"country":89,"year":13,"amount":374,"abstract":375},"cordis-european-research-council-award-247258","THE ENIGMA OF SUPERSOLIDITY","€1,815,150","A « supersolid » is a quantum solid inside which a fraction of the mass is superfluid. The coexistence of solid and superfluid properties is paradoxical and its understanding is a challenge attracting many research groups since its discovery in helium by Kim and Chan in 2004. The existence of anomalies in the rotational inertia of solid helium around 100 mK has been confirmed. They are accompanied by a peak in the specific heat and by astonishing anomalies in the elastic properties. It is now ge",{"id":377,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":378,"piName":10,"institution":379,"country":380,"year":13,"amount":90,"abstract":381},"cordis-european-research-council-award-249587","Tracing the evolution of symbolically mediated behaviours within variable environments in Europe and southern Africa","UNIVERSITETET I BERGEN","NO","The aim of TRACSYMBOLS is to examine how key behavioural innovations emerged among Homo sapiens and Homo neanderthalensis in southern Africa and Europe respectively, and explore whether and how environmental variability influenced this development between 180 25 ka [Marine Isotope Stages (MIS) 6 31. To achieve this goal the PI will develop a new research team that for the first time will combine archaeological results, original multi-proxy palaeoenvironmental data, and state-of-the-art climatic ",{"id":383,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":384,"piName":10,"institution":368,"country":89,"year":13,"amount":385,"abstract":386},"cordis-european-research-council-award-249982","Coordinated regulation of actin dynamics in cell motility and morphogenesis : from molecules to reconstituted biomimetic assays","€2,434,195","An impressive variety of motile and morphogenetic processes are driven by site-directed polarized asssembly of actin filaments. In the past ten years, breathtaking advances coming from cell biology, cell biophysics, and biochemistry have brought insight into the molecular bases for production of force and movement by site-directed actin polymerization. Yet, we do not know, with the detail sufficient to understand how force is produced, by which molecular mechanisms the filaments are nucleated or",{"id":388,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":389,"piName":10,"institution":390,"country":246,"year":13,"amount":391,"abstract":392},"cordis-european-research-council-award-246763","A new vision on nanocatalysts","FUNDACIO PRIVADA INSTITUT CATALA D'INVESTIGACIO QUIMICA","€3,495,000","In recent years it has been recognized that small metal nanoparticles hold the promise that their catalytic properties may be completely different from those of their bulk analogs or their monometallic complexes. Entirely new chemical conversions may be expected because of their shape and thermodynamic properties. So far, this promise has not led to important breakthroughs, as most findings can be categorized, mostly, as typical of homogeneous catalysis, or mimics of heterogeneous catalysts, esp",{"id":394,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":395,"piName":10,"institution":368,"country":89,"year":13,"amount":396,"abstract":397},"cordis-european-research-council-award-246777","Remotely sensed biogeochemical cycles in the ocean","€3,322,000","In the context of global change and ocean response to climatic and anthropogenic forcing, it is critical to improve our understanding of biologically mediated carbon fluxes and to reduce the uncertainties in their estimates. At the root of much of the present uncertainty in carbon budget is the scarcity of data. Based on state-of-the-art remotely-operated techniques of observation (profiling floats and satellite) and bio-optical modelling, REMOCEAN aims at addressing the causes of variability in",{"id":399,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":400,"piName":10,"institution":368,"country":89,"year":13,"amount":401,"abstract":402},"cordis-european-research-council-award-247452","From Attosecond Magnetism towards Ultrafast Spin Photonics","€2,492,561","We propose to investigate a new frontier in Physics: the study of Magnetic systems using attosecond laser pulses. The main disciplines concerned are: Ultrafast laser sciences, Magnetism and Spin-Photonics, Relativistic Quantum Electrodynamics. Three issues of modern magnetism are addressed. 1. How fast can one modify and control the magnetization of a magnetic system ? 2. What is the role and essence of the coherent interaction between light and spins ? 3. How far spin-photonics can bring us to ",{"id":404,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":405,"piName":10,"institution":406,"country":89,"year":13,"amount":407,"abstract":408},"cordis-european-research-council-award-247300","Computational Theory of Haptic Perception","UNIVERSITE PIERRE ET MARIE CURIE - PARIS 6","€2,302,000","During mechanical interaction with our environment, we derive a perceptual experience which may be compared to the experience that results from acoustic and optic stimulation. Progress has been made towards the discovery of mechanisms subserving the conscious experience of interacting with mechanical objects. This progress is due in part to the availability of new instruments that can tightly control mechanical stimulation of both the ascending, i.e. sensory, and descending, i.e. motor, pathways",{"id":410,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":411,"piName":10,"institution":368,"country":89,"year":13,"amount":412,"abstract":413},"cordis-european-research-council-award-246669","Deterministic Logical Photon-Photon Interactions","€2,496,000","The main objective of this proposal is to design and implement a novel scheme for efficient, deterministic, lossless photon-photon interactions, and to exploit it to achieve logical processing and quantum measurements on optical light beams. For that purpose, we will create, study and exploit a new transparent medium, based on the transient excitation of Rydberg polaritons, where the optical non-linearities are so large that they can act at the single photon level. These techniques will be appli",{"id":415,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":416,"piName":10,"institution":368,"country":89,"year":13,"amount":417,"abstract":418},"cordis-european-research-council-award-250076","Sensing and Signalling in the Innate Immune Response, using Drosophila as a Model","€2,075,000","The project seeks to advance our knowledge of the innate immune system at two different but complementary levels, sensing and regulation of signalling. The first aim is centred on danger signals, and how they activate the immune system. We propose to use high-throughput RNA sequencing, molecular biology, fly and bacterial genetics to investigate the global network of genes and pathways that are involved in either endogenous (DNA and chromatin components) or exogenous (pathogen virulence factors)",{"id":420,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":421,"piName":10,"institution":368,"country":89,"year":13,"amount":90,"abstract":422},"cordis-european-research-council-award-246932","Exploring the Decoherence of Light in Cavities","The transition from quantum to classical is an essential issue in physics. At a practical level, quantum information thrives to build large quantum systems for tasks in communication or computing beyond the reach of classical devices. At the fundamental level, the question is whether there exists, in addition to environment-induced decoherence, another mechanism responsible for the disappearance of state superpositions at the macroscopic scale. Harmonic oscillators coupled to qubits are ideal to",{"id":424,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":425,"piName":10,"institution":368,"country":89,"year":13,"amount":426,"abstract":427},"cordis-european-research-council-award-247060","Exploring the physics of Proto-stars and Extra-solar PlanetS","€2,376,000","The PEPS project is dedicated to the understanding of low-mass star, brown dwarf and giant planet formation and evolution and to the characterization of their internal structure and observable properties. The aim is to develop a sound theoretical foundation and a new generation of modelling tools, in close interaction with observing and experimental programs. The ultimate goal of the project is to provide a consistent description of the different stages from the very formation process to the lon",{"id":429,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":430,"piName":10,"institution":431,"country":20,"year":13,"amount":432,"abstract":433},"cordis-european-research-council-award-250172","Exploitation of Our Intestinal Microbiota","WAGENINGEN UNIVERSITY","€2,499,000","Our intestinal tract is colonized by a myriad of microbes that exceed our body cells in number and coding capacity and have important metabolic and signaling functions. Analysis of the diversity of these microbes inside revealed more than 1000 species, some of which have developed intimate interactions that are operating at the mucus interface separating the intestinal and microbial cells. Notably, we sustain and stimulate these interactions by feeding our microbes inside by the production of la",{"id":435,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":436,"piName":10,"institution":437,"country":89,"year":13,"amount":438,"abstract":439},"cordis-european-research-council-award-249933","The B cell memory program: cell fate determinants and functional diversity of B cell subsets","INSTITUT NATIONAL DE LA SANTE ET DE LA RECHERCHE MEDICALE","€1,695,980","B cells are responsible for the humoral arm of the immune response and most successfulvaccines in humans are antibody-based. Depending on the pathogen, specific B cell subsets aremobilized and a variety of innate, intermediate or adaptive responses are produced. In somecases these responses generate memory in anticipation of a re-encounter with the same pathogen.B cells can also present antigens to T cells, and enhance or suppress immune responses,depending in which T cell context they are prime",{"id":441,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":442,"piName":10,"institution":437,"country":89,"year":13,"amount":443,"abstract":444},"cordis-european-research-council-award-249816","Primary immunodeficiency diseases as models for the study of the immune system","€1,719,600","The study of primary immunodeficiency diseases has provided significant insights into how the immune system works. This notably includes in vivo immune responses to microorganisms, pathogens or opportunistic agents and in vivo control of reactivity to self, in relation to the identification of specific gene mutations. Hence, some of the key factors of the immune system have been unraveled. In this respect, studies in human conditions are essential because (i) they provide truly natural models of",{"id":446,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":447,"piName":10,"institution":437,"country":89,"year":13,"amount":90,"abstract":448},"cordis-european-research-council-award-250349","Study of the molecular and cellular mechanisms of incentive learning","Incentive learning is a universal mechanism by which animals and humans learn rewarding behavioral responses. Its diversion towards the wrong targets is involved in human conditions ranging from drug addiction to pathological gambling and obesity. Incentive learning has been studied from a behavioral standpoint and only few of the underlying molecular mechanisms have been identified. We propose innovative approaches to characterize at the molecular and cellular level incentive memory traces , i.",{"id":450,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":451,"piName":10,"institution":437,"country":89,"year":13,"amount":452,"abstract":453},"cordis-european-research-council-award-250290","THE HYGIENE HYPOTHESIS : REVISITING THE CONCEPT BY INTEGRATING EPIDEMIOLOGY AND MECHANISTIC STUDIES","€2,099,999","The hygiene hypothesis postulating the paradoxical protective role of infections on immune-mediateddiseases including atopy (i.e. atopic dermatitis, rhinitis, asthma) and more recently autoimmune diseases hasbeen the matter of extensive investigation. The aim of the present project is to validate this hypothesisintegrating epidemiological and experimental studies.We will review in a meta-analysis published studies of direct and indirect markers of infections and atopicdiseases, and conduct a cas",{"id":455,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":456,"piName":10,"institution":457,"country":200,"year":13,"amount":10,"abstract":458},"cordis-european-research-council-award-247035","Systems and Signals Tools for Estimation and Analysis of Mathematical Models in Endocrinology and Neurology","UPPSALA UNIVERSITET","This proposal envisages a research program in the field of systems and signals that will lead to innovative and agile mathematical modeling as well as model-based signal processing and control tools for applications in biology and medicine. The project's goal is to bridge the gap between systems biology, on one hand, and medical signal processing and control engineering, on the other. Mathematical models of systems biology will be used to devise algorithms for biological data processing and comp",{"id":460,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":461,"piName":10,"institution":457,"country":200,"year":13,"amount":462,"abstract":463},"cordis-european-research-council-award-247062","Atomistic Spin-Dynamics; Methodology and Applications","€2,130,000","Our aim is to provide a theoretical framework for studies of dynamical aspects of magnetic materials and magnetisation reversal, which has potential for applications for magnetic data storage and magnetic memory devices. The project focuses on developing and using an atomistic spin dynamics simulation method. Our goal is to identify novel materials and device geometries with improved performance. The scientific questions which will be addressed concern the understanding of the fundamental tempor",{"id":465,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":466,"piName":10,"institution":457,"country":200,"year":13,"amount":90,"abstract":467},"cordis-european-research-council-award-249976","Next Generation Molecular Ecology","There is an immediate need to increase our understanding of the genetic basis for fitness differences in natural populations (Ellegren and Sheldon Nature 452:169-175, 2008). Fortunately, technological developments within genome research, notably the recent ability to retrieve massive amounts of DNA sequence data based on next generation sequencing , will make possible completely novel investigations of the link between genotypes and phenotypes in non-model organisms. With our background as major",{"id":469,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":470,"piName":10,"institution":471,"country":217,"year":13,"amount":10,"abstract":472},"cordis-european-research-council-award-249431","Greek into Arabic: Philosophical Concepts and Linguistic Bridges","UNIVERSITA DI PISA","One of the prominent features of Medieval Aristotelianism, both Arabic and Latin, is the fact that Aristotle has been credited with writings that, albeit Neoplatonic in origin, circulated under his name. Crucial as it might be for the genesis of Arabic-Islamic philosophy, the main text of the Neoplatonic tradition into Arabic, i.e., the so-called Theology of Aristotle, is still poorly edited and no running commentary exists on it. The Theology of Aristotle, derived in reality from Plotinus' Enne",{"id":474,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":475,"piName":10,"institution":476,"country":380,"year":13,"amount":477,"abstract":478},"cordis-european-research-council-award-233146","The PI3K-III complex: Function in cell regulation and tumour suppression","UNIVERSITETET I OSLO","€2,272,000","Phosphoinositides (PIs), phosphorylated derivatives of phosphatidylinositol (PtdIns), control cellular functions through recruitment of cytosolic proteins to specific membranes. Among the kinases involved in PI generation, the PI3K-III complex, which catalyzes conversion of PtdIns into PtdIns 3-phosphate (PI3P), is of great interest for several reasons. Firstly, it is required for three topologically related membrane involution processes - the biogenesis of multivesicular endosomes, autophagy, a",{"id":480,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":481,"piName":10,"institution":482,"country":235,"year":13,"amount":483,"abstract":484},"cordis-european-research-council-award-232737","CAPER in Invasive Breast Cancer","THE UNIVERSITY OF MANCHESTER","€1,500,000","Breast cancer is a major cause of death in the United States and the Western World. Advanced medical technologies and therapeutic strategies are necessary for the successful detection, diagnosis, and treatment of breast cancer. Here, we propose to use novel technologies (tissue microarrays (TMA) and automated quantivative bioimaging (AQUA)) to identify new therapeutic and prognostic markers for human breast cancer. More specifically, we will study the activation status of a new signaling pathway",{"id":486,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":487,"piName":10,"institution":488,"country":20,"year":13,"amount":489,"abstract":490},"cordis-european-research-council-award-249543","Causes and Consequences of Multilevel Governance","STICHTING VU","€2,478,807","This five-year research programme is motivated by the question: Why does the structure of government vary, and how does this affect the quality of democracy and governance? The programme estimates and explains the scope and depth of authority exercised by subnational governments and international governmental organizations (IGOs) from 1950 to 2010. This will allow deeper understanding of a major policy development multilevel governance, the dispersion of authority away from central states to sub",{"id":492,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":493,"piName":10,"institution":488,"country":20,"year":13,"amount":494,"abstract":495},"cordis-european-research-council-award-246969","Optimizing Policies for Transport: accounting for Industrial Organisation in Network markets","€2,493,318","Traditional models of transport networks ignore the existence and strategic behaviour of large actors who are often active in transport markets. Examples of such large actors are private infrastructure or service operators, insurance companies, or vehicle manufacturers. Both for positive and normative analyses, this omission can lead to substantial errors, and therefore to seriously biased policy evaluations and recommendations. The reason is that such actors will have their own objectives to pu",{"id":497,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":498,"piName":10,"institution":499,"country":235,"year":13,"amount":500,"abstract":501},"cordis-european-research-council-award-249658","Living with Difference in Europe - Making Communities out of Strangers in an era of super-mobility and super-diversity","THE UNIVERSITY OF SHEFFIELD","€2,181,400","We are witnessing unprecedented levels of mobility (within and beyond the European Union) and population change. In this context, how we develop the capacity to live with difference is the key question of the 21st century. It is this fundamental research question which this proposal addresses (an issue that is particularly pertinent given rising levels of insecurity generated by post 9\u002F11 terrorism and the current global financial crisis). This will be achieved by the generation of a new body of",{"id":503,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":504,"piName":10,"institution":505,"country":12,"year":13,"amount":506,"abstract":507},"cordis-european-research-council-award-250047","Linking GABAergic neurones to hippocampal-entorhinal system functions","UNIVERSITATSKLINIKUM HEIDELBERG","€1,872,000","GABAergic interneurones can effectively synchronize the activity of principal cells giving rise to distinct oscillatory patterns. A particular rhythm, hippocampal theta oscillations (6-10Hz), links two ways of coding by which pyramidal cells in the hippocampus represent space, namely rate and phase coding. Thus, the theta cycle provides a clock against which the increased firing rate of pyramidal cells in the hippocampus and entorhinal cortex is measured. Furthermore, hippocampal theta is believ",{"id":509,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":510,"piName":10,"institution":258,"country":235,"year":13,"amount":511,"abstract":512},"cordis-european-research-council-award-250164","Evolutionary Social Ecology in Wild Populations","€2,485,013","Social behaviour is ubiquitous, but most studies of wild populations treats individuals as if they are independent entities. The central thesis of this application is that our understanding of evolution and ecology is restricted by a failure to consider organisms in their social context. Novel analytical and technical approaches now enable a new generation of studies of organisms in their proper social context, and the quantification of the effects of social interactions. This proposal s central",{"id":514,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":515,"piName":10,"institution":516,"country":246,"year":13,"amount":517,"abstract":518},"cordis-european-research-council-award-250297","Ras Genes in Health and Disease","FUNDACION SECTOR PUBLICO ESTATAL CENTRO NACIONAL INVESTIGACIONES ONCOLOGICAS CARLOS III","€2,496,192","Ras genes are some of the best-studied genes in biomedical research due to their central role in mitogenic signaling and their oncogenic activation in one third of all human tumors. More recently, Ras genes have also been implicated in developmental disorders including Costello and Noonan syndromes. In spite of this wealth of information, we still do not know the role of Ras proteins in adult homeostasis and, more importantly, how their misregulation affects human health. The latter is of paramo",{"id":520,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":521,"piName":10,"institution":522,"country":12,"year":13,"amount":523,"abstract":524},"cordis-european-research-council-award-247153","Deep subsurface Archaea: carbon cycle, life strategies, and role in sedimentary ecosystems","UNIVERSITAET BREMEN","€2,908,590","Archaea are increasingly recognized as globally abundant organisms that mediate important processes controlling greenhouse gases and nutrients. Our latest work, published in PNAS and Nature, suggests that Archaea dominate the biomass in the subseafloor. Their unique ability to cope with extreme energy starvation appears to be a selecting factor. Marine sediments are of crucial importance to the redox balance and climate of our planet but the regulating role of the deep biosphere remains one of t",{"id":526,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":527,"piName":10,"institution":528,"country":217,"year":13,"amount":529,"abstract":530},"cordis-european-research-council-award-247115","Low-background Underground Cryogenic Installation For Elusive Rates","ISTITUTO NAZIONALE DI FISICA NUCLEARE","€3,294,400","In the field of fundamental particle physics the neutrino has become more and more important in the last few years, since the discovery of its mass. In particular, the ultimate nature of the neutrino (if it is a Dirac or a Majorana particle) plays a crucial role not only in neutrino physics, but in the overall framework of fundamental particle interactions and in cosmology. The only way to disentangle its ultimate nature is to search for the so-called Neutrinoless Double Beta Decay (0½DBD). The ",{"id":532,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":533,"piName":10,"institution":534,"country":102,"year":13,"amount":535,"abstract":536},"cordis-european-research-council-award-246998","Electronic spectra of cold, large interstellar ions","UNIVERSITAT BASEL","€1,898,624","The purpose of this project is to measure for the first time gas-phase spectra of large carbon containing cations, at low temperatures, which are of astrophysical importance. Knowledge of electronic spectroscopy of such molecules is also of pertinence in a number of areas of chemistry and physics, enabling their identification in planetary atmospheres, flames and plasmas and as intermediates in chemical reaction dynamics. This project is interdisciplinary, bridging the areas of chemistry, physic",{"id":538,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":539,"piName":10,"institution":540,"country":235,"year":13,"amount":541,"abstract":542},"cordis-european-research-council-award-249793","Spatial and temporal regulation of the fungus-host interaction during life-threatening fungal infections","THE UNIVERSITY COURT OF THE UNIVERSITY OF ABERDEEN","€1,799,992","The major fungal pathogen, Candida albicans, has a significant impact upon the health of the European population. Candida frequently causes oral and vaginal thrush, and life-threatening infections in intensive care patients. These infections drain European finances through lost working days and extended patient hospitalization. A major goal is to understand how this fungus interacts with its human host and how these interactions contribute to pathogenesis. This will enhance efforts to develop ac",{"id":544,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":545,"piName":10,"institution":546,"country":246,"year":13,"amount":547,"abstract":548},"cordis-european-research-council-award-247330","Nano-Optical Antennas for Tuneable Single Photon Super-Emitters","FUNDACIO INSTITUT DE CIENCIES FOTONIQUES","€2,499,600","Nano-optical antennas allow to confine light on a truly nanometer scale. Indeed, my group recently demonstrated efficient funneling of incident far field to antenna hotspots, i.e. nano-focusing down to 25 nm, and achieved for the first time steering of the angular photon emission of a single molecule. These pioneering results on close encounters between nano-antennas and photon emitters pave the way to a regime of new physical phenomena: super-emission, gradient effects, breakdown of the dipole ",{"id":550,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":551,"piName":10,"institution":552,"country":12,"year":13,"amount":426,"abstract":553},"cordis-european-research-council-award-249826","Functions and mechanism of active DNA demethylation","INSTITUT FUR MOLEKULARE BIOLOGIE GGMBH","Epigenetic gene regulation is of central importance for development and disease. Despite dramatic progress in epigenetics during the past decade, DNA demethylation remains one of the last big frontiers and very little is known about it. DNA demethylation is a widespread phenomenon and occurs in plants as well as in animals, during development, in the adult, and during somatic cell reprogramming of pluripotency genes. The molecular identity of the DNA demethylase in animal cells remained unresolv",{"id":555,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":556,"piName":10,"institution":557,"country":20,"year":13,"amount":558,"abstract":559},"cordis-european-research-council-award-249997","The balance of ubiquitin conjugation and deconjugation","STICHTING HET NEDERLANDS KANKER INSTITUUT-ANTONI VAN LEEUWENHOEK ZIEKENHUIS","€2,299,720","Ubiquitin conjugation is one of the most important signaling systems in the eukaryotic cell. Different types of mono- and polyubiquitin chains determine the fate of target proteins by redirecting them for degradation, relocalization or interaction with new partners. The type of ubiquitin modification on any target is determined by the interplay between the conjugating E2\u002FE3 complexes on the one hand and deubiquitinating enzymes on the other. In practice, it is the balance between conjugating and",{"id":561,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":562,"piName":10,"institution":557,"country":20,"year":13,"amount":563,"abstract":564},"cordis-european-research-council-award-249951","Towards understanding and manipulation of MHC class II antigen presentation","€2,112,300","MHC class II molecules are crucial for specific immune responses. In a complicated series of cell biological events, they catch a peptide in the endosomal route for presentation at the plasma membrane to the immune system. At present some 20 factors have been identified as involved in the process of MHC class II antigen presentation that are potential targets for manipulating these responses as MHC class II molecules are involved in most auto-immune diseases. Defining further targets for manipul",{"id":566,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":567,"piName":10,"institution":557,"country":20,"year":13,"amount":568,"abstract":569},"cordis-european-research-council-award-250043","DISSECTING GENETIC DEPENDENCIES IN CANCER","€2,176,000","While significant progress has been made in the diagnosis and treatment of cancer, several major issues remain unresolved. First, only a minority of patients respond to most forms of (chemo)therapy. It is generally believed that this poor responsiveness to drugs has its origin, at least in part, in the molecular heterogeneity of cancer. This heterogeneity requires the use of biomarkers to stratify patients having seemingly similar tumors according to their likely responses to specific cancer the",{"id":571,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":572,"piName":10,"institution":573,"country":102,"year":13,"amount":547,"abstract":574},"cordis-european-research-council-award-247075","Pushing the Boundaries of Molecular Dynamics Simulations","UNIVERSITA DELLA SVIZZERA ITALIANA","Atomistic computer simulation has established itself as one of the most important methodologies in modern science, its impact being felt in areas as diverse as physics, chemistry, geophysics, materials science and biophysics, to name but a few. Yet in spite of great progress in computer power and algorithms, we are still not able to simulate such important phenomena as nucleation, phase transitions or protein folding. The purpose of this proposal is to strongly push back the limits of length, ti",{"id":576,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":577,"piName":10,"institution":578,"country":89,"year":13,"amount":579,"abstract":580},"cordis-european-research-council-award-247073","Species Identity and SYmbiosis Formally and Experimentally explored","INSTITUT NATIONAL DE RECHERCHE EN INFORMATIQUE ET AUTOMATIQUE","€2,333,272","Symbiosis is described as a close relationship between different biological species. It is a pervasive phenomenon, often of a long term nature. It has been estimated that 50% of all known species are parasites, i.e. maintain a symbiotic relation with another species from which they benefit while the partner in the relation is harmed, and that close to a 100% of all plants and animals are parasitised as individuals. Indeed, there are thought to be 10 times more bacterial cells in a human body tha",{"id":582,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":583,"piName":10,"institution":584,"country":235,"year":13,"amount":585,"abstract":586},"cordis-european-research-council-award-247220","Sea-level change due to climate change","THE UNIVERSITY OF READING","€1,441,719","Sea-level rise as a consequence of climate change will have severe impacts on coastal populations and ecosystems. However, owing to the incomplete state of scientific knowledge, there is a large range of uncertainty in the predictions, of a factor of more than two for any given emissions scenario during the 21st century, and much larger for subsequent centuries. This is a serious obstacle to the assessment of impacts. Sea-level change is a diagnostic of a complex combination of Earth system proc",{"id":588,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":589,"piName":10,"institution":590,"country":235,"year":13,"amount":591,"abstract":592},"cordis-european-research-council-award-246798","New horizons in organo-fluorine chemistry","THE UNIVERSITY COURT OF THE UNIVERSITY OF ST ANDREWS","€1,418,575","The project aims to take new thinking and concepts in organofluorine chemistry and apply this thinking to the design of novel performance molecules to explore properties and function in a predictable manner. The focus is on two areas. The first involves organic materials\u002Fpolymers and the second focuses on selected topics in biochemical and medicinal chemistry. Both areas exploit the stereoelectronic influence of the C-F bond, and its interaction with nearby functional groups. In particular the p",{"id":594,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":595,"piName":10,"institution":590,"country":235,"year":13,"amount":596,"abstract":597},"cordis-european-research-council-award-250189","Biological diversity in an inconstant world: temporal turnover in modified ecosystems","€1,812,782","This project addresses a key issue in fundamental research - one that has challenged ecologists ever since Darwin s time that is why some species are common, and others rare, and why, despite marked turnover at the level of individual species abundances, the structure of a community is generally conserved through time. Its aim is to examine the temporal dynamics of species abundance distributions (SADs), and to assess the capacity of these distributions to withstand change (resistance) and to re",{"id":599,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":600,"piName":10,"institution":216,"country":217,"year":13,"amount":601,"abstract":602},"cordis-european-research-council-award-247328","Critical Phenomena in Random Systems","€2,098,800","This project aims to get a theoretical understanding of the most important large-scale phenomena in classical and quantum disordered systems. Thanks to the renormalization group approach the critical behaviour of pure systems is under very good control; however disordered systems are in many ways remarkably peculiar (think for example to non-perturbative phenomena like Griffiths singularities), often the conventional approach does not work and many crucial issues are still unclear. My work aims ",{"id":604,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":605,"piName":10,"institution":606,"country":235,"year":13,"amount":90,"abstract":607},"cordis-european-research-council-award-247462","Quantum Optics in Wavelength Scale Structures","UNIVERSITY OF BRISTOL","In this project I will investigate the interaction between quantum light and matter in optical structures that are at or below the wavelength scale. Such devices could provide unprecedented performance in the storage of data, the switching of light and the generation of light of tailored properties. I will address this topic through the study of 2-level systems (quantum dots, N-V centres, atoms), and non-linear materials (Ç(2) ,Ç(3) ) in various nanoscale dielectric and conducting structures. Th",{"id":609,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":610,"piName":10,"institution":606,"country":235,"year":13,"amount":611,"abstract":612},"cordis-european-research-council-award-247162","Critical Behaviour in Magmatic Systems","€2,959,518","Crustal magmatism is periodic on a very wide range of timescales from pulses of continental crustal growth, through formation of granite batholiths, to eruptions from individual volcanic centres. The cause of this periodicity is not understood. I aim to address this long-standing geological problem through a combination of experiments, petrological methods and numerical models via a novel proposal that periodicity arises because of the highly non-linear ( critical ) behaviour of magma crystallin",{"id":614,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":615,"piName":10,"institution":606,"country":235,"year":13,"amount":616,"abstract":617},"cordis-european-research-council-award-250209","The evolution of mechanisms that control behaviour","€1,749,277","The approach to animal behaviour adopted by behavioural ecology is based on the investigation of the adaptive function of behaviour. A common assumption is that the action of natural selection on behaviour can be predicted without reference to processes inside the organism. I believe that it is time to combine an analysis based on evolution with one based on mechanisms, where a mechanism might be psychological, physiological or a combination of both. Animals have mechanisms that need to perform ",{"id":619,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":620,"piName":10,"institution":606,"country":235,"year":13,"amount":621,"abstract":622},"cordis-european-research-council-award-246785","Revolutionising Organic Synthesis: Efficient One-Pot Synthesis of Complex Organic Molecules for Non-Experts","€1,579,277","The creation of new molecular entities and subsequent exploitation of their properties is central to a broad spectrum of research disciplines from medicine to materials. However, despite substantial progress, the problems and difficulties associated with chemical syntheses severely limits the development of these disciplines. In order to meet the emerging challenges across new disciplinary boundaries in a rapidly changing scientific landscape we require a step-change in the development of more r",{"id":624,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":625,"piName":10,"institution":606,"country":235,"year":13,"amount":626,"abstract":627},"cordis-european-research-council-award-247041","Functional Nanomaterials via Controlled Block Copolymer Assembly","€1,658,544","We outline an ambitious 5 year interdisplinary research programme that introduces a fundamentally new platform to the fabrication of nanoelectronic and liquid crystal devices, current areas of intense scientific and technological interest. The new approach involves the use of block copolymer micelles and block comicelles prepared by Crystallization-Driven Living Polymerization (CDLP) processes. This novel method allows unprecedented access to well-defined micelle architectures (with size control",{"id":629,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":630,"piName":10,"institution":273,"country":235,"year":13,"amount":631,"abstract":632},"cordis-european-research-council-award-247143","Quantitative Multidimensional Imaging of Interfacial Fluxes","€2,129,141","Interfacial physicochemical processes are ubiquitous in chemistry, the life sciences and materials science, underpinning some of the most important scientific and technological challenges of the 21st century. The overarching aim of this proposal is to draw together separate strands of interfacial science by creating a unique holistic approach to the investigation of physicochemical processes and developing principles and methods which have cross-disciplinary application. To understand and optimi",{"id":634,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":635,"piName":10,"institution":273,"country":235,"year":13,"amount":636,"abstract":637},"cordis-european-research-council-award-249362","Europe's Asian Centuries: Trading Eurasia 1600-1830","€1,544,667","The project brings global perspectives and interdisciplinary methods to bear on histories of industrialization, consumer and material culture. It investigates the key connector that transformed the early modern world: the long-distance trade between Asia and Europe in material goods and culture. That trade stimulated Europe s consumer and industrial revolutions, re-orientating the Asian trading world to European priorities. The twenty-first century sees a new Asian ascendancy: Europe has lost th",{"id":639,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":640,"piName":10,"institution":431,"country":20,"year":13,"amount":641,"abstract":642},"cordis-european-research-council-award-249894","Molecular characterization of genetic factors in the pig under selection during speciation, domestication and breeding","€2,496,381","I will analyze the changes in the genome of the pig during speciation, domestication and selection at the molecular level. Domestication and selection have resulted in a large number of distinct breeds worldwide with very distinct characteristics. Unique are also the availability of 12 closely related pig species that have diverged over a time span of 1 to 10 million years. Furthermore, the availability of a high quality genome sequence of the pig by the end of 2009 and the recent advances in ne",{"id":644,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":645,"piName":10,"institution":646,"country":200,"year":13,"amount":90,"abstract":647},"cordis-european-research-council-award-247208","Quantum optics with microwave photons building a tool-box based on superconducting technology","CHALMERS TEKNISKA HOGSKOLA AB","The research proposed in this application has grown out of the research on solid-state qubits, where a superconducting circuit including Josephson junctions can be made into a quantum-coherent, two-level system, an artificial atom. It has recently been shown that these artificial atoms can be integrated with microwave cavities in such a way that the states of the atom can communicate in a quantum coherent way with individual photons in the cavity. This opens up an opportunity to engineer quantum",{"id":649,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":650,"piName":10,"institution":646,"country":200,"year":13,"amount":651,"abstract":652},"cordis-european-research-council-award-247013","Industrial Systems Biology of Yeast and A. oryzae","€2,499,590","Metabolic engineering is the development of new cell factories or improving existing ones, and it is the enabling science that allows for sustainable production of fuels and chemicals through biotechnology. With the development in genomics and functional genomics, it has become interesting to evaluate how advanced high-throughput experimental techniques (transcriptome, proteome, metabolome and fluxome) can be applied for improving the process of metabolic engineering. These techniques have mainl",{"id":654,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":655,"piName":10,"institution":656,"country":657,"year":13,"amount":658,"abstract":659},"cordis-european-research-council-award-246791","Counting Atoms in nanomaterials","UNIVERSITEIT ANTWERPEN","BE","€2,000,160","COUNTING ATOMS IN NANOMATERIALS Advanced electron microscopy for solid state materials has evolved from a qualitative imaging setup to a quantitative scientific technique. This will allow us not only to probe and better understand the fundamental behaviour of (nano) materials at an atomic level but also to guide technology towards new horizons. The installation in 2009 of a new and unique electron microscope with a real space resolution of 50 pm and an energy resolution of 100 meV will make it p",{"id":661,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":662,"piName":10,"institution":663,"country":193,"year":13,"amount":664,"abstract":665},"cordis-european-research-council-award-246815","Where is the water under the Greenland ice sheet?","KOBENHAVNS UNIVERSITET","€2,499,999","Recent analysis of radar-depth sounder data has shown that many areas of the Greenland ice sheet have melt water under the base. The extent of the wet base and distribution of melt water are poorly known. Also lakes under the ice have not been discovered in contrast with those in Antarctica. The effect of the water beneath the ice, however, is well documented: it lubricates the bed and removes the friction between the basal ice and underlying bedrock. The ice with a wet bed flows faster, reacts ",{"id":667,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":668,"piName":10,"institution":663,"country":193,"year":13,"amount":669,"abstract":670},"cordis-european-research-council-award-247321","Operator Algebras, Free Probability, and Groups","€1,612,171","Starting with Voiculescu's pioneering work on free probability from 1983, there has for more than 25 years been a strong development in mathematical research on the interrelations between operator algebra theory, probability theory and group theory. The PI has over the last 10 years made several important contributions to this development. The aim of the project is to target some of the main open problems in this area, such as the isomorphism problem for free group factors and Connes' embedding ",{"id":672,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":673,"piName":10,"institution":674,"country":235,"year":13,"amount":90,"abstract":675},"cordis-european-research-council-award-250098","Wild Evolutionary Genomics","THE UNIVERSITY OF EDINBURGH","150 years since the Origin of Species, we do not know how natural selection acts at the level of the genome in natural populations in ecological time, but elucidation is within reach. This study will investigate natural selection, and the genome's response to it, in unprecedented detail by combining two resources. The Soay sheep population on the island of Hirta, St. Kilda, Scotland is one of the most thoroughly phenotyped wild animal populations in the world and already the subject of internati",{"id":677,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":678,"piName":10,"institution":674,"country":235,"year":13,"amount":679,"abstract":680},"cordis-european-research-council-award-247373","A Complete History of Massive Proto-Galaxies","€2,317,255","A key question in modern science is to explain how the present-day universe of galaxies evolved from the initial conditions measured in the micro-wave background at recombination. Over the next 5 years I propose to undertake a major program of research to address this issue, by discovering and studying directly the progenitors of today's massive galaxies during the first ~2 billion years of cosmic history, and hence performing critical tests of current theories of galaxy formation. It is now cle",{"id":682,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":683,"piName":10,"institution":674,"country":235,"year":13,"amount":684,"abstract":685},"cordis-european-research-council-award-249520","Grammar-Based Robust Natural Language Processing","€1,910,998","From the late '50s until the early '70s, theoretical linguistics, computational linguistics, and psycholinguistics, were united by a common model based on Chomskian transformational generative grammar formalism. This consensus fell apart in the later 70s, because of disagreements about the role of semantics. Formal syntax has abandoned semantics and any interest in formal constraint. Semantically based functional and cognitive theories of grammar are agnostic about formalism. Current psycholingu",{"id":687,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":688,"piName":10,"institution":674,"country":235,"year":13,"amount":689,"abstract":690},"cordis-european-research-council-award-249956","Determining the roles of the nuclear periphery in mammalian genome function","€1,701,090","DNA sequence and epigenetic chromatin maps are important in understanding how genomes are regulated. However, these maps are linear and do not account for the three-dimensional context within which the genome functions in the cell. The spatial organisation of the genome in the nucleus is not random and is conserved in evolution, implying that it is under functional selection. This proposal aims to determine the functional significance of positioning specific genome regions at the edge of the nuc",{"id":692,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":693,"piName":10,"institution":694,"country":246,"year":13,"amount":695,"abstract":696},"cordis-european-research-council-award-247384","Magnetic Molecules and Hybrid Materials for Molecular Spintronics","UNIVERSITAT DE VALENCIA","€1,679,700","In this project we intend to design new magnetic molecules and new classes of magnetic molecular materials which, conveniently nanostructured, can be of interest in molecular spintronics, quantum computing and, in general, in nanomagnetism. The project pretends to cover either the development of molecule-based materials with interesting spintronic properties (molecule-based spintronics), as well as the design and study of magnetic molecules of interest in unimolecular spintronics and quantum com",{"id":698,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":699,"piName":10,"institution":700,"country":246,"year":13,"amount":10,"abstract":701},"cordis-european-research-council-award-249438","Trajectories of modernity - comparing non-European and European varieties","UNIVERSITAT DE BARCELONA","The project aims at advancing the analysis of the contemporary plurality of societal self-understandings and related institutional structures of polities in the current global context. It will analyze these self-understandings against the background of the historical trajectories as sequences of socio-political transformations of those societies. The analysis of multiple forms of modernity is the major challenge to current social and political theory and comparative-historical and political soci",{"id":703,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":704,"piName":10,"institution":705,"country":12,"year":13,"amount":706,"abstract":707},"cordis-european-research-council-award-246980","Production of Polarized Antiprotons","FORSCHUNGSZENTRUM JULICH GMBH","€2,448,376","Hadrons, the building blocks of all matter in Nature, are not fundamental but composed of quarks and gluons. Up to now we do not know HOW NATURE MAKES HADRONS one of the most important questions of contemporary structure-of-matter physics. Major breakthroughs are to be expected with new experimental facilities such as FAIR. Most studies in hadron physics at HESR\u002FFAIR will employ beams of unpolarized antiprotons, but the most spectacular opportunities will arise for polarized antiprotons the phys",{"id":709,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":710,"piName":10,"institution":711,"country":235,"year":13,"amount":712,"abstract":713},"cordis-european-research-council-award-247375","Terahertz Optoelectronics - from the Science of Cascades to Applications","UNIVERSITY OF LEEDS","€2,491,989","Over the last 10 years, research in the terahertz (THz) frequency region of the electromagnetic spectrum has grown dramatically. The most significant development has been the demonstration of the first THz frequency quantum cascade laser (QCL) in 2002 by my EC FP-V consortium, WANTED. These advances have been accompanied by an equally important industrial applications-pull, with exploitation envisaged in the pharmaceutical and security sectors, for medical imaging and atmospheric sensing, and fo",{"id":715,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":716,"piName":10,"institution":711,"country":235,"year":13,"amount":10,"abstract":717},"cordis-european-research-council-award-250271","Pre-receptor cortisol metabolism and human ageing","The number of people over the age of 80 years in the 25 EU member states is currently 18.2 million or 4% of the total population; by 2020, 20% of the EU population will be >65 years old which will place considerable burden upon limited health care resources. 70% of older adults report at least one chronic disease that contributes to a reduction in healthspan or the number of extra years spent in good health. The European Commission is committed to identify rational and evidence based approaches ",{"id":719,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":720,"piName":10,"institution":721,"country":200,"year":13,"amount":722,"abstract":723},"cordis-european-research-council-award-247014","Oxidation via low-energy electron transfer. Development of green oxidation methodology via a biomimetic approach","STOCKHOLMS UNIVERSITET","€1,722,000","Oxidation reactions are of fundamental importance in Nature and are key transformation in organic synthesis. There is currently a need from society to replace waste-producing expensive oxidants by environmentally benign oxidants in industrial oxidation reactions. The aim with the proposed research is to develop novel green oxidation methodology that also involves hydrogen transfer reactions. In the oxidation reactions the goal is to use molecular oxygen (air) or hydrogen peroxide as the oxidants",{"id":725,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":726,"piName":10,"institution":721,"country":200,"year":13,"amount":727,"abstract":728},"cordis-european-research-council-award-249580","State Capacity, Development, Conflict, and Climate Change","€1,489,744","The proposed research concerns two sets of issues. The first concerns the role of state building in the development process, and the role played by violent conflict whether internal or external to the state. In this research, we will build a sequence of theoretical models, taking a stepping stone in a basic framework where new infrastructure that expands the state s capacity to raise revenue and to support private markets is viewed as outcome of investments under uncertainty. Our objective in mo",{"id":730,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":731,"piName":10,"institution":732,"country":77,"year":13,"amount":733,"abstract":734},"cordis-european-research-council-award-247056","Modeling Silicon Spintronics","TECHNISCHE UNIVERSITAET WIEN","€1,678,500","The breath taking increase in performance of integrated circuits became possible by continuous miniaturization of CMOS devices. On this exciting path many tough problems were resolved; however, growing technological challenges and soaring costs will gradually bring scaling to an end. This puts foreseeable limitations to the future performance increase, and research on alternative technologies and computational principles becomes important. Spin attracts attention as alternative to the charge deg",{"id":736,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":737,"piName":10,"institution":738,"country":217,"year":13,"amount":739,"abstract":740},"cordis-european-research-council-award-247349","AFRICA-GHG: The role of African tropical forests on the Greenhouse Gases balance of the atmosphere","FONDAZIONE CENTRO EURO-MEDITERRANEOSUI CAMBIAMENTI CLIMATICI","€2,406,950","The role of the African continent in the global carbon cycle, and therefore in climate change, is increasingly recognised. Despite the increasingly acknowledged importance of Africa in the global carbon cycle and its high vulnerability to climate change there is still a lack of studies on the carbon cycle in representative African ecosystems (in particular tropical forests), and on the effects of climate on ecosystem-atmosphere exchange. In the present proposal we want to focus on these spoecifc",{"id":742,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":743,"piName":10,"institution":234,"country":235,"year":13,"amount":10,"abstract":744},"cordis-european-research-council-award-250316","Molecular origin and function of dynamic heterogeneities in mouse ES cells and pre-implantation embryos","The mechanisms powering the transition from one cell state to another are the central engine of embryonic development. Genetic analysis over the last twenty years has provided us with a catalogue of genes and proteins that can be linked in linear and time dependent manners to specific states and transitions in this process. However this picture, characterized by complex charts of univocal relationships between different genes, is static and rigid and contrasts with the plasticity displayed by ce",{"id":746,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":747,"piName":10,"institution":234,"country":235,"year":13,"amount":748,"abstract":749},"cordis-european-research-council-award-247252","Properties and Applications of the Gauge\u002FGravity Correspondence","€1,475,000","This proposal is concerned with developing and exploiting the remarkable connections between many relativistic and nonrelativistic matter systems on the one hand, and gravitating systems on the other. These connections are implied by the correspondence between gauge quantum field theory and quantum gravity (the gauge\u002Fgravity correspondence ) that is a characteristic feature of string theory, which unifies gravity and Yang-Mills gauge theory in a fundamental manner. There are several interrelated",{"id":751,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":752,"piName":10,"institution":234,"country":235,"year":13,"amount":90,"abstract":753},"cordis-european-research-council-award-247333","Physical Aspects of the Evolution of Biological Complexity","One of the most fundamental issues in evolutionary biology is the nature of transitions from single cell organisms to multicellular ones, with accompanying cellular differentiation and specialization. Not surprisingly for microscopic life in fluid environments, many of the relevant physical considerations involve diffusion, mixing, and sensing, for the efficient exchange of nutrients and metabolites with the environment is one of the most basic features of life. This proposal describes a combina",{"id":755,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":756,"piName":10,"institution":234,"country":235,"year":13,"amount":757,"abstract":758},"cordis-european-research-council-award-250325","Exploring Morphospaces in Adaptive Radiations to unravel Ecological Speciation","€2,474,128","150 years from the Origin and we have yet to unravel how ecological speciation works, and how it leads to spectacular adaptive radiations. The process has two components: adaptation to ecological niches and production of new species. My aim is to make breakthroughs in understanding ecological speciation by the study of geographically parallel adaptive radiations in mycalesine butterflies that have yielded some 250 extant species in the Old World tropics. More empirical studies are needed because",{"id":760,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":761,"piName":10,"institution":234,"country":235,"year":13,"amount":762,"abstract":763},"cordis-european-research-council-award-247411","Structure and Function: The Development and Application of Novel Ex- and In-situ NMR Approaches to Study Lithium Ion Batteries and Fuel Cell Membranes","€1,918,270","Two new research programs will be established at Cambridge University: 1. Lithium ion batteries (LIBs). New positive and negative electrode materials are required for a range of LIB applications, which are lighter, have higher capacities, and can be operated at higher rates. To this end, I will establish a joint synthesis and characterization program, aimed at understanding how LIB-materials function and sometimes fail, in order to provide the fundamental insight required to design the next gene",{"id":765,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":766,"piName":10,"institution":234,"country":235,"year":13,"amount":10,"abstract":767},"cordis-european-research-council-award-249642","Food Globalisation in Prehistory","Each of today s major food species is distributed worldwide. While much of that food globalisation has resulted from modern trade networks, it has its roots in prehistory. By the end of the second millennium BC, the south west Asian crops, wheat and barley, were in several parts of China, and Chinese millets and buckwheat were in Europe. There was a parallel exchange of crops between South Asia and Africa. A series of later episodes of globalisation involve exotic fruits, vegetables and flavouri",{"id":769,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":770,"piName":10,"institution":234,"country":235,"year":13,"amount":771,"abstract":772},"cordis-european-research-council-award-247276","Perfectly interfaced nanomaterials for next generation oxide electronics","€1,565,873","Oxide thin film heterostructures hold the key to a wide range of novel, and energy efficient devices of many different sorts. In the last few years, there has been a plethora of very exciting reports in the top journals on the basic science of single layer oxide films or heterostructure devices. However, the holy grail of applications is still just an event on the horizon. An innovative and emerging materials science led approach is now required to understand the factors at play limiting these h",{"id":774,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":775,"piName":10,"institution":234,"country":235,"year":13,"amount":10,"abstract":776},"cordis-european-research-council-award-249640","From perception to conception: How the brain processes meaningful concepts","Conceptual representations of objects and events lie at the heart of our mental lives; they enable us to interpret the world, express our thoughts and form the basis for our interactions. From a cognitive perspective, there is increasing interest in distributed accounts of conceptual representations, in which concepts are comprised of smaller elements of meaning (features), with variation in the types of features and their inter-relationships determining a concept s structure. Although interest ",{"id":778,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":779,"piName":10,"institution":234,"country":235,"year":13,"amount":780,"abstract":781},"cordis-european-research-council-award-249468","MAPPING THE JEWISH COMMUNITIES OF THE BYZANTINE EMPIRE","€979,414","The aim of the project is to assemble for the first time all the data on the presence of Jewish communities in the territories of the Byzantine empire (southern Balkans, Aegean islands, Anatolia), and to generate interactive maps on-line using GIS (Geographic Information Systems). The data in question come mainly from archaeological investigations and from inscriptions, and from a broad range of documentary and literary sources in Greek, Hebrew and other languages. Much of this data has never be",{"id":783,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":784,"piName":10,"institution":785,"country":217,"year":13,"amount":786,"abstract":787},"cordis-european-research-council-award-250219","Imaging liver immunopathology by intravital microscopy (IVM): a new approach to study the pathogenesis of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection","OSPEDALE SAN RAFFAELE SRL","€2,046,200","Overall objective and Specific Aims. The overall objective of this proposal is to elucidate the pathogenesis ofHBV infection with the ultimate hope that this knowledge will lead to the development of new therapeuticstrategies to terminate persistent infection and its attendant costs and complications. Our approach is to dissectpoorly understood cellular and molecular pathways responsible for both liver disease and viral clearance takingadvantage of technological advances in the field of live ima",{"id":789,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":790,"piName":10,"institution":791,"country":217,"year":13,"amount":90,"abstract":792},"cordis-european-research-council-award-249845","Towards Safe and Effective Hematopoietic Stem Cell Gene Therapy: Targeting Integration to Genomic Safe Harbors and Exploiting Endogenous microRNA to Regulate Transgene Expression","UNIVERSITA VITA-SALUTE SAN RAFFAELE","Hematopoietic stem cell gene therapy has a tremendous potential to treat human disease. Yet, in conjunction with the first successful results in the clinic, severe adverse events linked to the gene transfer protocol were reported. Recently, we provided proof-of-principle of two new powerful strategies to improve the efficacy and safety of gene transfer: 1) regulating transgene expression by exploiting cellular microRNAs; 2) targeting integration at predetermined sites of the genome by forcing ho",{"id":794,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":795,"piName":10,"institution":796,"country":12,"year":13,"amount":90,"abstract":797},"cordis-european-research-council-award-250319","Regulation of the expression of odorant receptor genes in mouse","MAX-PLANCK-GESELLSCHAFT ZUR FORDERUNG DER WISSENSCHAFTEN EV","Odorant receptor (OR) genes form the largest family in the mouse genome: ~1200 genes spread over ~40 loci. Each olfactory sensory neuron (OSN) expresses one OR gene, from one allele. The mechanisms of OR gene choice remain elusive. We will execute five specific aims that are interconnected but independent. We will search for homeodomain genes that we can link functionally to expression of a subset of OR genes; we will define promoter regions for the eight OR genes that are solitary, not belongin",{"id":799,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":800,"piName":10,"institution":796,"country":12,"year":13,"amount":801,"abstract":802},"cordis-european-research-council-award-247078","A Global View of Star Formation in the Milky Way","€2,355,079","Stars with more than about ten solar masses dominate galactic ecosystems and understanding the circumstances of their formation is one of the great challenges of modern astronomy. The spectacular HII regions they excite delineate the spiral arms of galaxies such as our own when seen face on making it clear that star formation and Galactic structure are intimately related. We propose to attain a Global View of Star Formation in the Milky Way in a powerful multi-pronged approach. Using VLBI observ",{"id":804,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":805,"piName":10,"institution":796,"country":12,"year":13,"amount":806,"abstract":807},"cordis-european-research-council-award-247142","A molecular laboratory on a chip","€2,171,760","The manipulation of atoms above a chip using magnetic fields produced by current carrying wires is a mature field of research. This field was inspired by the notion that miniaturization of magnetic field structures enables the creation of large field gradients, i.e., large forces and tight potentials for atoms. It also has been crucial that present-day microelectronics technology makes it possible to integrate multiple tools and devices onto a compact surface area. Such atom chips have been used",{"id":809,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":810,"piName":10,"institution":796,"country":12,"year":13,"amount":811,"abstract":812},"cordis-european-research-council-award-246797","Galaxy formation models for the next generation of evolutionary and cosmological surveys","€1,830,000","Over the next decade, much effort on major astronomical facilities will be dedicated to large-scale surveys of the galaxy population. Their aim is two-fold: understanding the origin and evolution of galaxies and their central supermassive black holes, and clarifying the nature of dark matter, dark energy and the process that produced all cosmic structure. Achieving these goals will require powerful and flexible modelling tools that can simulate galaxy evolution in all viable cosmologies and unde",{"id":814,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":815,"piName":10,"institution":796,"country":12,"year":13,"amount":412,"abstract":816},"cordis-european-research-council-award-250197","Identifying the genes responsible for the expansion of the human cerebral cortex","The goal of this research proposal is to unravel the molecular and cell biological basis underlying the expansion of the human cerebral cortex. Specifically, we wish to identify the genes responsible for the increase in the generation of cortical neurons from neural stem and progenitor cells that occurs during primate evolution. We will take two complementary approaches. One is to characterize the differences between mouse and human cerebral cortex with regard to the molecular and cell biologica",{"id":818,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":819,"piName":10,"institution":796,"country":12,"year":13,"amount":820,"abstract":821},"cordis-european-research-council-award-250176","A physical basis for wing morphogenesis and planar cell polarity","€1,531,200","During development, physical forces are generated in precise patterns and produce elegant choreography of cell movements that determine tissue shape. The function of many tissues depends not only on their shape, but on the correct alignment of planar cell polarity within the tissue. Remarkably, recent evidence from my lab has suggested that physical forces not only shape the wing, but also align the planar polarity of its constituent cells with the proximal distal wing axis. The wing blade is re",{"id":823,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":824,"piName":10,"institution":825,"country":20,"year":13,"amount":175,"abstract":826},"cordis-european-research-council-award-233424","DNA damage and the connection with cancer, premature aging and longevity","ERASMUS UNIVERSITAIR MEDISCH CENTRUM ROTTERDAM","We study DNA damage and genome stability and its impact on human health using nucleotide excision repair (NER) as paradigm. Patients with NER defects present a perplexing clinical heterogeneity ranging from extreme cancer predisposition to dramatic neurodevelopmental deficits. To elucidate the underlying mechanism we adopted an integral strategy from gene to patient and contributed to resolving the NER reaction in vitro and its dynamic organization in vivo, using molecular genetics, advanced lif",{"id":828,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":829,"piName":10,"institution":825,"country":20,"year":13,"amount":830,"abstract":831},"cordis-european-research-council-award-250136","Novel strategies to combat future influenza pandemics","€2,187,758","The Mexican influenza A virus (H1N1) reminds us that the threat of an influenza pandemic is real. The 1918 Spanish flu virus, also started as a low pathogenic virus that mutated into a highly pathogenic virus within months, causing more than 50 million deaths. The Mexican influenza A virus (H1N1) may follow the same path. FLUPLAN will expand our knowledge of the packaging signals that govern reassortment events between influenza A viruses in general and between the Mexican influenza A virus (H1N",{"id":833,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":834,"piName":10,"institution":258,"country":235,"year":13,"amount":835,"abstract":836},"cordis-european-research-council-award-246858","Domain-centric Intelligent Automated Data Extraction Methodology","€2,402,846","This proposal is in the area of automated web data extraction and web data management. The aim of our project is to provide the logical, methodological, and algorithmic foundations for the knowledge-based extraction of structured data from web sites belonging to specific domains, such as estate agents, restaurants, travel agencies, car dealers, and so on. One core part of this will be a comprehensive multi-dimensional logical data model that will be used to simultaneously represent both the cont",{"id":838,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":839,"piName":10,"institution":258,"country":235,"year":13,"amount":10,"abstract":840},"cordis-european-research-council-award-249546","Trade and the Great Depression in a Long Run Perspective","What are the lessons of the Great Depression for policy makers today, and what can we learn about the causes of such major economic crises by comparing the two events? This project will create a Two Depressions database and carry out associated research, which will provide a comprehensive and explicitly comparative statistical overview of the crises of 1929 and 2008. It will also explore the short and longer run inter-relationships between the Great Depression, trade, and trade policy. The econo",{"id":842,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":843,"piName":10,"institution":258,"country":235,"year":13,"amount":844,"abstract":845},"cordis-european-research-council-award-249869","Derived and Ancestral RNAs: Comparative Genomics and Evolution of ncRNAs","€2,400,000","Much light has been shed on the number, mechanisms and functions of protein-coding genes in the human genome. In comparison, we know almost nothing about the origins and mechanisms of the functional dark matter , including sequence that is transcribed outside of protein-coding gene loci. This interdisciplinary proposal will capitalize on new theoretical and experimental opportunities to establish the extent by which long non-coding RNAs contribute to mammalian and fruit fly biology. Since 2001, ",{"id":847,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":848,"piName":10,"institution":258,"country":235,"year":13,"amount":849,"abstract":850},"cordis-european-research-council-award-247422","New isotope systems for the geosciences","€2,347,355","Isotope geochemistry provides much of our understanding of the workings of the Earth s system from core to clouds. This proposal requests funds to develop and apply new MC-ICPMS methods to tackle geochemical issues that are poorly understood and for which new archives and techniques should lead to significant breakthroughs. We will focus on 3 areas. First, we will study vanadium (V), which is analytically challenging because of its extreme composition but which could be immensely powerful for tr",{"id":852,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":853,"piName":10,"institution":258,"country":235,"year":13,"amount":854,"abstract":855},"cordis-european-research-council-award-249598","Music, Digitization, Mediation: Towards Interdisciplinary Music Studies","€1,708,075","Music is rapidly being transformed by digital technologies; it is in the vanguard of the changes to contemporary cultures and cultural economies afforded by digitization, and is widely seen as a test case of digitization’s effects. Yet the academic music disciplines have not responded with research on these fundamental developments. This project, by combining two innovative interdisciplinary components, aims systematically to advance the state of contemporary music research, while contributing t",{"id":857,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":858,"piName":10,"institution":258,"country":235,"year":13,"amount":859,"abstract":860},"cordis-european-research-council-award-246967","From Software Verification to Everyware Verification","€2,060,360","In the words of Adam Greenfield, the age of ubiquitous computing is here: a computing without computers, where information processing has diffused into everyday life, and virtually disappeared from view . Conventional hardware and software has evolved into everyware sensor-enabled electronic devices, virtually invisible and wirelessly connected on which we increasingly often rely for everyday activities and access to services such as banking and healthcare. The key component of everyware is embe",{"id":862,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":863,"piName":10,"institution":258,"country":235,"year":13,"amount":864,"abstract":865},"cordis-european-research-council-award-250284","Origin of a cell differentiation mechanism and its evolution over 500 million years of life on land","€2,463,835","The evolution of the first rooting systems approximately 470 million years ago was a critical event in the history of life on Earth because it allowed the growth of complex multicellular eukaryotic photosynthetic organisms – plants - on the surface of the land. Rooting systems are important because they facilitate the uptake of every chemical element in the plant body with the exception of carbon. The root systems of thefirst land plants (liverworts) comprised a mass of unicellular tip-growing f",{"id":867,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":868,"piName":10,"institution":258,"country":235,"year":13,"amount":869,"abstract":870},"cordis-european-research-council-award-247039","Cosmic ray acceleration, magnetic field and radiation hydrodynamics","€900,024","Diffusive shock acceleration is widely acknowledged as the most likely source of cosmic rays and high energy particles. The basic macroscopic theory of how cosmic rays gain energy during multiple shock crossings is well known, but the microphysics of the interaction between cosmic rays (CR) and the MHD background fluid remained poorly understood before the recent discovery of a new non-resonant instability by which the CR precursor could greatly amplify the ambient magnetic field. The aims of th",{"id":872,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":873,"piName":10,"institution":158,"country":10,"year":13,"amount":874,"abstract":875},"cordis-european-research-council-award-249347","The evolution of cultural norms in real world settings","€1,801,978","An intense debate is raging within evolutionary anthropology as to whether the evolution of human behaviour is driven by selection pressure on the individual or on the group. Until recently there was consensus amongst evolutionary biologists and evolutionary anthropologists that natural selection caused behaviours to evolve that benefit the individual or close kin. However the idea that cultural behaviours that favour the group can evolve, even at the expense of individual well-being, is now bei",{"id":877,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":878,"piName":10,"institution":879,"country":246,"year":13,"amount":10,"abstract":880},"cordis-european-research-council-award-250277","P.E.L.E (Protein Energy Landscape Exploration): a la carte drug design tools","BARCELONA SUPERCOMPUTING CENTER CENTRO NACIONAL DE SUPERCOMPUTACION","The goal of this project is to provide, to the large community of scientist working in molecular target therapies, a fast and accurate tool capable of obtaining an atomic detailed mechanism of the protein-ligand induced fit, of its recognition process and of the ligand migration. Understanding these aspects is essential to obtain better drugs with the ability, for example, of bypassing drug resistance induced by protein mutations. This resistance mechanism is currently a fundamental process that",{"id":882,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":883,"piName":10,"institution":884,"country":885,"year":13,"amount":886,"abstract":887},"cordis-european-research-council-award-246678","Optical Gravitational Lensing Experiment: New Frontiers in Observational Astronomy","UNIWERSYTET WARSZAWSKI","PL","€2,498,000","We apply for financial support for the new, fourth phase of the Optical Gravitational Lensing Experiment (OGLE-IV) - one of the largest scale sky surveys worldwide, operating continuously since 1992. During its operation the OGLE project contributed significantly to many fields of modern astrophysics including gravitational microlensing, extrasolar planets searches, stellar astrophysics, Galactic structure and many others. The main scientific goal of the OGLE-IV phase will be the second generati",{"id":889,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":890,"piName":10,"institution":891,"country":892,"year":13,"amount":127,"abstract":893},"cordis-european-research-council-award-250050","Gene transfer techniques in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases and malignant glioma","ITA-SUOMEN YLIOPISTO","FI","Background: Poor angiogenesis and collateral vessel formation lead to coronary heart disease, claudication, infarctions and amputations while malignant glioma is one of the most aggressive proangiogenic tumors leading to death in a few months. For these diseases either stimulation or blocking, respectively, of angiogenesis may provide novel treatment options. Advancing State-of-the-Art: Our hypothesis is that in ischemia it will be possible to support natural growth of blood vessels with Therape",{"id":895,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":896,"piName":10,"institution":897,"country":657,"year":13,"amount":898,"abstract":899},"cordis-european-research-council-award-246939","Engineering Swarm Intelligence Systems","UNIVERSITE LIBRE DE BRUXELLES","€2,016,000","Swarm intelligence is the discipline that deals with natural and artificial systems composed of many individuals that coordinate using decentralized control and self-organization. In this project, we focus on the design and implementation of artificial swarm intelligence systems for the solution of complex problems. Our current understanding of how to use swarms of artificial agents largely relies on rules of thumb and intuition based on the experience of individual researchers. This is not suff",{"id":901,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":902,"piName":10,"institution":903,"country":77,"year":13,"amount":904,"abstract":905},"cordis-european-research-council-award-247024","Coherently Advanced Tissue and Cell Holographic Imaging and Trapping","MEDIZINISCHE UNIVERSITAT INNSBRUCK","€1,987,428","We envisage a new generation of dynamic holographic laser tweezers and stretching tools with unprecedented spatial control of gradient and scattering light forces, to unravel functional mysteries of cell biology and genetics: Based on our recently developed, highly successful and widely recognized amplitude and phase shaping techniques with cascaded spatial light modulators (SLM), we will create new holographic optical manipulators consisting of a line-shaped trap with balanced net scattering fo",{"id":907,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":908,"piName":10,"institution":909,"country":235,"year":13,"amount":910,"abstract":911},"cordis-european-research-council-award-249430","Consumption Work and Societal Divisions of Labour","UNIVERSITY OF ESSEX","€810,437","Contemporary global developments in work and employment are transforming labour and reshaping relations between workers, creating new webs of interconnection across the world. This research programme aims to radically revise the foundational concept of the division of labour , by situating traditional understandings of the technical allocation of tasks within an expanded theoretical framework. Two additional dimensions of differentiation and interdependency of work activities are proposed, namel",{"id":913,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":914,"piName":10,"institution":915,"country":217,"year":13,"amount":916,"abstract":917},"cordis-european-research-council-award-246953","MACROSCOPIC LAWS AND DYNAMICAL SYSTEMS","UNIVERSITA DEGLI STUDI DI ROMA TOR VERGATA","€1,372,720","Physics provides descriptions of the world at many different scales, yet the relations between such descriptions are poorly understood. In particular, since Boltzmann and Einstein, we interpret the world we see as the product of the microscopic dynamics of a large number of atoms. In spite of this, no satisfactory rigorous derivation of a macroscopic equation (e.g. the heat equation) from such a microscopic physical model exists. This sorry state of affairs is extremely unsatisfactory both from ",{"id":919,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":920,"piName":10,"institution":921,"country":89,"year":13,"amount":90,"abstract":922},"cordis-european-research-council-award-249931","Building The Vertebrate Body","CENTRE EUROPEEN DE RECHERCHE EN BIOLOGIE ET MEDECINE","My lab is interested in the development of the tissue that gives rise to vertebrae and skeletal muscles called the paraxial mesoderm. A striking feature of this tissue is its segmental organization and we have made major contributions to the understanding of the molecular control of the segmentation process. We identified a molecular oscillator associated to the rhythmic production of somites and proposed a model for vertebrate segmentation based on the integration of a rhythmic signaling pulse ",{"id":924,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":925,"piName":10,"institution":926,"country":235,"year":13,"amount":10,"abstract":927},"cordis-european-research-council-award-227845","MASC: Materials that Impose Architecture within Stem Cell Populations","THE UNIVERSITY OF NOTTINGHAM","This proposal aims to harness breakthroughs in polymer science, nanotechnology and materials processing to create new classes of materials that mimic the architecture of the human body. The materials will be exploited to tackle grand challenges in  stem cell science and in the development of new biomaterials that promote regeneration.  The human body uses materials to impose architecture on populations of cells within developing or regenerating tissues. Architectural components of these tissues ",{"id":929,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":930,"piName":10,"institution":931,"country":235,"year":13,"amount":175,"abstract":932},"cordis-european-research-council-award-249379","Citizenship after Orientalism","THE OPEN UNIVERSITY","This project focuses on the interaction between two controversial and contested concepts: citizenship the process by which belonging is recognised and enacted and orientalism the assertion of the superiority by western culture over its eastern counterparts. It is a critique of the argument that explains the success of European capitalism in terms of differences in social structures that had effectively prevented the emergence of citizens in oriental societies. The ambitious scope of this project",{"id":934,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":935,"piName":10,"institution":305,"country":26,"year":13,"amount":10,"abstract":936},"cordis-european-research-council-award-267256","Fracture and Friction: Rapid Dynamics of Material Failure","FractFrict is a comprehensive study of the space-time dynamics that lead to the failure of both bulk materials and frictionally bound interfaces. In these systems, failure is precipitated by rapidly moving singular fields at the tips of propagating cracks or crack-like fronts that cause material damage at microscopic scales. These generate damage that is macroscopically reflected as characteristic large-scale, modes of material failure. Thus, the structure of the fields that microscopically driv",{"id":938,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":939,"piName":10,"institution":305,"country":26,"year":13,"amount":940,"abstract":941},"cordis-european-research-council-award-247049","Langlands correspondence and its variants","€1,277,060","Sometimes in the sciences there are different yet complementary descriptions for the same object. This extends to the particle-wave duality of quantum mechanics; one mathematical analog of this duality is the Fourier transform. Questions that are difficult when formulated in one language of science may become simple when interpreted in another. The Langlands conjecture posits the existence of a correspondence between problems in arithmetic and in Representation Theory. The Langlands conjecture h",{"id":943,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":944,"piName":10,"institution":305,"country":26,"year":13,"amount":945,"abstract":946},"cordis-european-research-council-award-249159","Game Theory: Dynamic Approaches","€1,361,000","The general framework is that of game theory, with multiple participants ( players ) that interact repeatedly over time. The players may be people, corporations, nations, computers even genes. While many of the standard concepts of game theory are static by their very nature (for example, strategic equilibria and cooperative solutions), it is of utmost importance theoretically as well as in applications to study dynamic processes, and relate them to appropriate static solutions. This is a fundam",{"id":948,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":949,"piName":10,"institution":305,"country":26,"year":13,"amount":432,"abstract":950},"cordis-european-research-council-award-246841","Doping, Charge Transfer and Energy Flow in Hybrid Nanoparticle Systems","We target a frontier in nanocrystal science of combining disparate materials into a single hybrid nanosystem. This offers an intriguing route to engineer nanomaterials with multiple functionalities in ways that are not accessible in bulk materials or in molecules. Such control of novel material combinations on a single nanoparticle or in a super-structure of assembled nanoparticles, presents alongside with the synthesis challenges, fundamental questions concerning the physical attributes of nano",{"id":952,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":953,"piName":10,"institution":305,"country":26,"year":13,"amount":954,"abstract":955},"cordis-european-research-council-award-249898","Eradication of tumors by targeting dsRNA selectively to cancer cells and recruitment of the innate immune system","€2,054,340","We have recently shown that EGFR over-expressing tumors can be eradicated by an EGFR homing chemical vector, carrying dsRNA. The vector is PolyInosine\u002FCytosine (PolyIC) bound to Polyethleneimine-Polyethyleneglycol-EGF (PEI-PEG-EGF, PPE). We have shown that even tumors in which up to 50% of cells do not express EGFR are eradicated, due to the strong tumor-localized bystander effects, which involve the innate immune system. Using this EGFR homing vector we have been able to eradicate EGFR overexpr",{"id":957,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":958,"piName":10,"institution":305,"country":26,"year":13,"amount":959,"abstract":960},"cordis-european-research-council-award-247034","Words and Waring type problems","€1,197,800","Hilbert's solution to Waring problem in Number Theory shows that every positive integer is a sum of g(n) nth powers. Surprising non-commutative analogues of this phenomenon were discovered recently in Group Theory, where powers are replaced by general words. Moreover, the study of group words occurs naturally in important contexts, such as the Burnside problems, Serre's problem on profinite groups, and finite simple group theory. We propose a systematic study of word maps on groups, their images",{"id":962,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":963,"piName":10,"institution":964,"country":12,"year":13,"amount":965,"abstract":966},"cordis-european-research-council-award-249939","Vesicular glutamate transporters as molecular regulators of neural communication","CHARITE - UNIVERSITAETSMEDIZIN BERLIN","€2,413,200","This proposal describes experiments aimed at defining the multiple roles of vesicular glutamate transporters (VGLUTs) in central synapses. Classically, VGLUTs transport glutamate from the cytoplasm into synaptic vesicles. Deletion of these genes disrupts synaptic glutamate release and their expression suffices to determine neurons as glutamatergic. We recently discovered that VGLUTs control additional key parameters such as quantal size and vesicular release probability, suggesting that they are",{"id":968,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":969,"piName":10,"institution":970,"country":235,"year":13,"amount":971,"abstract":972},"cordis-european-research-council-award-250157","The role of epigenetic factors in the aetiology of common complex diseases using twins","KING'S COLLEGE LONDON","€2,498,658","Twin studies traditionally have been used to assess the relative contributions of genetic and environmental factors. Nearly all common diseases and traits have now been found to be heritable and GWA studies are discovering many novel genes. However 95% of the heritability is not yet identified and discordances within identical (MZ) twin pairs cannot be explained by known environmental factors. The missing heritability could be due to epigenetic factors- which are ideally studied with twins. The ",{"id":974,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":975,"piName":10,"institution":964,"country":12,"year":13,"amount":976,"abstract":977},"cordis-european-research-council-award-249910","Towards Understanding the Structure and Dynamics of Receptor Proteins","€2,449,840","Upon binding an agonist, the seven transmembrane (TM) helical bundle of a G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR) undergoes conformational changes that catalyze nucleotide exchange within bound G proteins. In rhodopsin, the agonist arises from light-induced isomerization of the retinal ligand, but an active conformation (Ops*) can also be adopted by the opsin apoprotein. We recently solved the structure of Ops* in complex with a peptide from the C-terminal ±-5 helix of the G protein. Considering this ",{"id":979,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":980,"piName":10,"institution":981,"country":235,"year":13,"amount":10,"abstract":982},"cordis-european-research-council-award-250170","Tissue engineering to evaluate novel treatments for skin cancer and genetic disease","UNIVERSITY OF DUNDEE","As our understanding of disease translates from basic science to clinical application there is a need for robust preclinical models to test interventions and therapies, which mirror the clinical situation and likely outcomes. This will assist key stage decision making before costly clinical trials are commenced. Skin diseases represent a significant health burden. Non-melanoma skin cancers including basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) are the most common human malignanci",{"id":984,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":985,"piName":10,"institution":986,"country":12,"year":13,"amount":987,"abstract":988},"cordis-european-research-council-award-247322","Gas turbine combustion with Reduced EmissioNs Employing extreme STeam injection","TECHNISCHE UNIVERSITAT BERLIN","€3,137,648","Global energy consumption is continuously increasing, leading to an increased world wide demand for new power generation installations in the near future. In order to protect the earth s climate, energy conversion efficiency and the use of sustainable resources have to be improved significantly to reduce the emission of the greenhouse gas CO2. To maintain our high standard of living and to enhance it for developing countries, the improved technologies have to be cost-neutral. Gas turbines play t",{"id":990,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":991,"piName":10,"institution":992,"country":235,"year":13,"amount":10,"abstract":993},"cordis-european-research-council-award-249529","Microeconomic Analysis of Prices, Food and Nutrition","Institute for Fiscal Studies","Diet-related chronic diseases are a major public health concern.  Addressing this concern is a key government policy objectives. Poor diet is one important cause, and a number of policies are aimed at improving diet. The impact of these policies on diet, and thus on health outcomes, will depend crucially on how consumers adapt their food purchasing behaviour in response to the policy, and on how firms in turn respond in terms of the prices they set and the foods they offer.  This proposal sets o",{"id":995,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":996,"piName":10,"institution":158,"country":10,"year":13,"amount":10,"abstract":997},"cordis-european-research-council-award-249670","Brain energy supply and the consequences of its failure","Energy, supplied in the form of oxygen and glucose in the blood, is essential for the brain s cognitive power. Failure of the energy supply to the nervous system underlies the mental and physical disability occurring in a wide range of economically important neurological disorders, such as stroke, spinal cord injury and cerebral palsy. Using a combination of two-photon imaging, electrophysiological, molecular and transgenic approaches, I will investigate the control of brain energy supply at the",{"id":999,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":1000,"piName":10,"institution":158,"country":10,"year":13,"amount":10,"abstract":1001},"cordis-european-research-council-award-249393","Morphology, Energy and Climate Change in the City","Despite half a century of sustained research into the structure of cities, we still cannot answer the most basic questions of how their morphology is affected by the energy and income of their populations. We do not know if cities will become more compact or more spread out as energy usage changes due to global warming and as we switch to renewable energy sources. What we need is much more robust theory with applicable computer models for forecasting such impacts. Many of the rudiments involving",{"id":1003,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":1004,"piName":10,"institution":1005,"country":235,"year":13,"amount":1006,"abstract":1007},"cordis-european-research-council-award-249889","Combined time domain and spectral domain coherence gating for imaging and biosensing","UNIVERSITY OF KENT","€1,999,241","Revolutionary combination of principles of spectral domain and time domain coherence gating will be researched. The present proposal puts forward: (i) a novel class of optical interferometers, (ii) a novel class of wavefront sensors and (iii) combinations of imaging channels with the novel wavefront sensors. All these are driven by the needs to address the limitations in terms of speed of the time domain (TD) optical coherence tomography (OCT), in terms of range, resolution and focus of the spec",{"id":1009,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":1010,"piName":10,"institution":1011,"country":246,"year":13,"amount":10,"abstract":1012},"cordis-european-research-council-award-249588","Asset Bubbles and Economic Policy","Centre de Recerca en Economia Internacional (CREI)","Advanced capitalist economies experience large and persistent movements in asset prices that are difficult to justify with economic fundamentals. The internet bubble of the 1990s and the real state market bubble of the 2000s are two recent examples. The predominant view is that these bubbles are a market failure, and are caused by some form of individual irrationality on the part of market participants. This project is based instead on the view that market participants are individually rational,",{"id":1014,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":1015,"piName":10,"institution":1016,"country":102,"year":13,"amount":10,"abstract":1017},"cordis-european-research-council-award-249433","Engineering Social and Economic Institutions","University of Zurich","The advent of the Internet and the increased power of modern day computing have dramatically changed the economic landscape. Billions of dollars worth of goods are being auctioned among geographically dispersed buyers; online brokerages are used to find jobs, trade stocks, make travel arrangements, etc. The architecture of these online (trading) platforms is typically rooted in their pre-Internet counterparts, and advances in the theory of market design combined with increased computing capabili",{"id":1019,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":1020,"piName":10,"institution":1021,"country":89,"year":13,"amount":1022,"abstract":1023},"cordis-european-research-council-award-249236","Scale of governance, the UN, the States and Indigenous peoples human rights: the meanings and issues of self-determination in the time of globalization","ECOLE DES HAUTES ETUDES EN SCIENCES SOCIALES","€2,090,280","This proposal describes a multi-scale research project investigating the social, cultural and political issues relating to governance and Indigenous Peoples. Recent international mobilization has led to a major shift, culminating in the adoption by the UN of the Declaration of the Rights of Indigenous Peoples (UNDRIP) in 2007. This highly symbolic and moral document is expected to induce changes and to combat discrimination. Indigenous peoples have acquired visibility, as models of sustainabilit",{"id":1025,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":1026,"piName":10,"institution":1027,"country":235,"year":13,"amount":10,"abstract":1028},"cordis-european-research-council-award-247390","Reductive Transformations of Carbon Oxides","THE UNIVERSITY OF SUSSEX","The development of new approaches to the activation and functionalisation of carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide is a highly topical and significant challenge for chemistry. The use of biomass and coal derived carbon monoxide as a fundamental building block for simple organic molecules is a key objective in energy research, and the latter, coupled with global warming considerations, dictate that new ways to both activate and derivatise carbon dioxide must also be found. The programme of work desc",{"id":1030,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":1031,"piName":10,"institution":1032,"country":89,"year":13,"amount":1033,"abstract":1034},"cordis-european-research-council-award-247365","(Nano)-Materials for cell Growth, Imaging and Communication","CENTRE INTERNATIONAL DE RECHERCHE AUX FRONTIERES DE LA CHIMIE FONDATION","€1,800,270","MaGIC intends to explore the use of nano\u002Fmicro objects, in particular zeolite L, as materials for imaging, and, when the zeolites are used as substrates, for analyzing and manipulating cells. In particular in vivo and in vitro imaging, cell growth on nano\u002Fmicro patterned zeolite monolayers, and understanding some of the processes of cell-to-cell communication are the ambitious goals of this proposal. We intend to achieve these goals through 5 objectives:1. Synthesis and characterization of zeoli",{"id":1036,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":1037,"piName":10,"institution":1038,"country":77,"year":13,"amount":1039,"abstract":1040},"cordis-european-research-council-award-250152","Limits to selection in biology and in evolutionary computation","INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY AUSTRIA","€1,975,640","Natural selection is the central concept in biology, and selection is widely used to solve hard computational problems. This proposal aims to deepen our understanding of selection, in both evolutionary biology and evolutionary computation, and to help bring these fields together. On the one hand, population genetics can show how to optimise genetic algorithms, and can inspire new algorithms. On the other, the central problem in evolutionary computation is to optimise the evolvability of the algo",{"id":1042,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":1043,"piName":10,"institution":1044,"country":89,"year":13,"amount":1045,"abstract":1046},"cordis-european-research-council-award-246961","Twelve Labours of Image Processing","ECOLE NORMALE SUPERIEURE PARIS-SACLAY","€1,837,568","After a 15-year preparatory work, a group of mathematicians and computer scientists is ready to reconsider and formalize the main steps of image processing, and to devise a way to make them fully automatic. The project will conceive, revise or accelerate the dozen highly accurate algorithms necessary to establish a universal image processing chain, applicable to all raw digital images obtained from reflex or compact off-the-shelf cameras, and to all more specialized image generation systems, inc",{"id":1048,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":1049,"piName":10,"institution":1050,"country":217,"year":13,"amount":1051,"abstract":1052},"cordis-european-research-council-award-250124","Generation of AAV-based, arrayed genetic libraries for in vivo functional selection: an innovative approach to identify secreted factors and microRNAs against degenerative disorders","INTERNATIONAL CENTRE FOR GENETIC ENGINEERING AND BIOTECHNOLOGY","€1,824,000","A foremost health problem stems from the burden of degenerative diseases, including heart failure, neurodegeneration, retinal degeneration and diabetes, essentially linked to the aging of the human population and the incapacity of post-mitotic tissues to undergo efficient repair. This is an ambitious, highly innovative project aimed at developing an in vivo selection procedure, based on gene transfer of two genetic libraries cloned into Adeno-Associated Virus (AAV)-based vectors, for the identif",{"id":1054,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":1055,"piName":10,"institution":1056,"country":20,"year":13,"amount":1057,"abstract":1058},"cordis-european-research-council-award-246976","The Role of Large Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon molecules in the Universe","UNIVERSITEIT LEIDEN","€2,383,980","Strong emission features dominate the IR spectra of the interstellar medium of the Milky Way, galaxies in the local Universe and out to redshifts of ~3. These features are generally attributed to IR fluorescence of large Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon (PAH) molecules pumped by UV photons. These species must be abundant, ubiquitous, and an important component of the ISM. However, despite extensive experimental and theoretical efforts, no specific PAH or even classes of PAHs have been unambiguous",{"id":1060,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":1061,"piName":10,"institution":1062,"country":89,"year":13,"amount":90,"abstract":1063},"cordis-european-research-council-award-250106","Decision-making and prefrontal executive function","ECOLE NORMALE SUPERIEURE","The prefrontal cortex (PFC) subserves decision-making and executive control, i.e. the ability to make decisions and to regulate behavior according to external events, mental models of situations, internal drives and subjective preferences. Our overall aim is to understand the functional architecture of the human PFC and computational mechanisms of PFC function. The PFC function is known to operate along three major dimensions, namely the affective, motivational and cognitive control of action su",{"id":1065,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":1066,"piName":10,"institution":1067,"country":12,"year":13,"amount":1068,"abstract":1069},"cordis-european-research-council-award-247051","Ultrafast dynamics of hydrogen bonded structures in condensed matter","FORSCHUNGSVERBUND BERLIN EV","€2,490,500","Structure-function relationships in condensed matter will be unraveled by studying structural dynamics on atomic length and time scales. The most advanced structure-sensitive methods of ultrafast science such as time-resolved x-ray diffraction and multidimensional vibrational spectroscopy with a temporal resolution better than 100 fs will be applied for mapping fluctuating (macro)molecular structures and photoinduced structural transformations of solids in real-time. The following phenomena will",{"id":1071,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":1072,"piName":10,"institution":1073,"country":20,"year":13,"amount":90,"abstract":1074},"cordis-european-research-council-award-249488","The Entertainization of Childhood: An Etiology of Risks and Opportunities","UNIVERSITEIT VAN AMSTERDAM","Never before has media entertainment been so abundantly accessible to children. In this project, I propose an entirely new theoretical model to understand entertainment processing and effects. The model enables us to simultaneously investigate: (a) how and why certain types of media entertainment may influence certain children, (b) which children are particularly susceptible to positive, which to negative, and which to both positive and negative entertainment effects, and (c) how children s soci",{"id":1076,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":1077,"piName":10,"institution":1078,"country":200,"year":13,"amount":1079,"abstract":1080},"cordis-european-research-council-award-246850","Development and Application of Laser Diagnostic Techniques for Combustion Studies","MAX IV Laboratory, Lund University","€2,466,000","This project is directed towards development of new laser diagnostic techniques and a deepened physical understanding of more established techniques, aiming at new insights in phenomena related to combustion processes. These non-intrusive techniques with high resolution in space and time, will be used for measurements of key parameters, species concentrations and temperatures. The techniques to be used are; Non-linear optical techniques, mainly Polarization spectroscopy, PS. 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