[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"awarded-erc-advanced-grant-2017":3,"awarded-stats-erc-advanced-grant":1095},{"awarded":4,"total":1094},[5,16,23,30,36,43,49,56,63,68,75,79,84,88,95,101,105,111,117,123,129,135,140,144,150,155,159,164,169,174,180,185,190,196,200,205,210,216,222,228,234,240,245,251,256,262,269,276,281,287,293,298,305,311,317,323,329,334,340,345,351,357,362,368,373,379,385,392,397,402,408,414,418,424,429,434,439,445,451,457,462,467,472,477,483,488,492,498,502,507,513,518,523,529,535,540,546,552,558,563,570,575,580,585,591,597,603,608,613,619,624,630,636,642,647,653,657,662,667,673,679,684,690,696,701,707,712,718,723,729,736,740,744,750,755,760,767,772,778,782,787,791,795,799,805,809,813,818,822,828,834,838,844,849,854,860,866,871,876,882,887,892,898,902,908,913,918,924,928,933,939,945,950,955,961,966,971,976,981,986,992,997,1003,1008,1013,1019,1024,1029,1034,1038,1044,1048,1053,1058,1063,1067,1072,1078,1083,1089],{"id":6,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":9,"piName":10,"institution":11,"country":12,"year":13,"amount":14,"abstract":15},"cordis-european-research-council-award-695536","European Research Council","ERC Advanced Grant","Innovative PET scanner for dynamic imaging",null,"AGENCIA ESTATAL CONSEJO SUPERIOR DE INVESTIGACIONES CIENTIFICAS","ES",2017,"€2,048,386","The main objective of 4D-PET is to develop an innovative whole-body PET scanner based in a new detector concept that stores 3D position and time of every single gamma interaction with unprecedented resolution. The combination of scanner geometrical design and high timing resolution will enable developing a full sequence of all gamma-ray interactions inside the scanner, including Compton interactions, like in a 3D movie. 4D-PET fully exploits Time Of Flight (TOF) information to obtain a better im",{"id":17,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":18,"piName":10,"institution":19,"country":20,"year":13,"amount":21,"abstract":22},"cordis-european-research-council-award-742909","IASI - Flux and temperature","CENTRE NATIONAL DE LA RECHERCHE SCIENTIFIQUE CNRS","FR","€2,200,000","IASI - Flux and temperatureJuly 2016 was Earth's warmest month on record. The first six months of 2016 were also the warmest six-month period since modern meteorology observations began. This, along with the recent so-called “hiatus” in the warming trend, and the Paris climate agreement, all attracted scientific and public attention as to how reliable the historical temperature record is, and to the level of confidence in future model climate projections. Although the role of satellites in obser",{"id":24,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":25,"piName":10,"institution":26,"country":27,"year":13,"amount":28,"abstract":29},"cordis-european-research-council-award-694262","Discontinuities in Household and Family Formation","UNIVERSITA COMMERCIALE LUIGI BOCCONI","IT","€2,400,555","Household, family and fertility changes are key drivers of population dynamics. Discovering and explaining the velocity of these changes is essential to understand the current situation and to provide scientific evidence on our demographic future. DisCont will provide seminal contributions by studying the impact of macro-level discontinuities on household and family formation (including fertility) in post-industrial contemporary societies. In the past decade, two macro-level discontinuities have",{"id":31,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":32,"piName":10,"institution":33,"country":27,"year":13,"amount":34,"abstract":35},"cordis-european-research-council-award-739964","Full-scale COmputational design of Porous mesoscale MATerials","FONDAZIONE ISTITUTO ITALIANO DI TECNOLOGIA","€1,880,060","The last decades have witnessed major progress in our understanding of the basic physics of soft matter materials. At the same time, microfluidics has also undergone spectacular theoretical and experimental progress. The confluence of such major advances spawns unprecedented opportunities for the design and manufacturing of new soft mesoscale materials, with promising applications in tissue engineering, photonics, catalysis and many others. COPMAT is targeted at making the most this opportunity ",{"id":37,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":38,"piName":10,"institution":39,"country":40,"year":13,"amount":41,"abstract":42},"cordis-european-research-council-award-740548","Common Interactive Objects","AARHUS UNIVERSITET","DK","€2,398,993","In CIO, common interactive objects are developed and explored to extend human control over the technological environment by human beings, both individually and together. CIO leads to a coherent framework of user interfaces to be applied in interaction design. Common interactive objects will provide a useful frame for furthering human computer interaction (HCI) theory, development of interaction design methods and the underlying technical platforms. Common interactive objects will empower users t",{"id":44,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":45,"piName":10,"institution":46,"country":20,"year":13,"amount":47,"abstract":48},"cordis-european-research-council-award-740623","Asymptotic approach to spatial and dynamical organizations","SORBONNE UNIVERSITE","€2,192,500","The understanding of spatial, social and dynamical organization of large numbers of agents is presently a fundamental issue in modern science. ADORA focuses on problems motivated by biology because, more than anywhere else, access to precise and many data has opened the route to novel and complex biomathematical models. The problems we address are written in terms of  nonlinear partial differential equations. The flux-limited Keller-Segel system, the integrate-and-fire Fokker-Planck equation, ki",{"id":50,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":51,"piName":10,"institution":52,"country":53,"year":13,"amount":54,"abstract":55},"cordis-european-research-council-award-741751","Feeding Anglo-Saxon England: The Bioarchaeology of an Agricultural Revolution","THE CHANCELLOR, MASTERS AND SCHOLARS OF THE UNIVERSITY OF OXFORD","UK","€1,933,165","By the time of the Norman Conquest in 1066, England’s population was again comparable to that of Roman Britain and included substantial urban centres. By 1200, England was more densely populated than ever before. Such population growth was mirrored across much of Europe. It drove the expansion of towns and markets and was fed, literally, by an increase in agricultural productivity that involved a fundamental reorganization of the countryside. The social, economic and demographic consequences of ",{"id":57,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":58,"piName":10,"institution":59,"country":60,"year":13,"amount":61,"abstract":62},"cordis-european-research-council-award-742247","High Resolution Extreme Ultraviolet Laser Spectroscopy","MAX-PLANCK-GESELLSCHAFT ZUR FORDERUNG DER WISSENSCHAFTEN EV","DE","€1,968,125","Discrepancies between theory and experiments have been fuelling the development of physics from the discrete line spectrum of hydrogen, where classical physics fails, to the Lamb shift, which is unexplained by the Dirac equation. At the precision frontier, comparisons between theory and experiment have been performed almost exclusively with atomic hydrogen. To progress from there, it very good accuracy. The spectroscopic investigation of muonic hydrogen, which was successful recently, was the fi",{"id":64,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":65,"piName":10,"institution":52,"country":53,"year":13,"amount":66,"abstract":67},"cordis-european-research-council-award-742555","Spatiotemporal organisation of bacterial outer membrane proteins","€2,235,815","The outer membrane (OM) of Gram-negative bacteria protects against environmental insult and is central to pathogenesis hence finding ways to disrupt its integrity is a route towards new antibiotics. However, our understanding of OM biology is limited. In particular, how the OM is organised is largely unknown. My laboratory recently discovered spatiotemporal Outer Membrane Protein organisation (OMPorg) in Escherichia coli, a new organising principle that explains how OMPs are turned over. We foun",{"id":69,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":70,"piName":10,"institution":71,"country":72,"year":13,"amount":73,"abstract":74},"cordis-european-research-council-award-743016","Lubricating Cartilage: exploring the relation between lubrication and gene-regulation to alleviate osteoarthritis","WEIZMANN INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE","IL","€2,499,944","Can we exploit insights from the remarkably lubricated surfaces of articular cartilage, to create lubricants that may alleviate osteoarthritis (OA), the most widespread joint disease, affecting millions? These, succinctly, are the challenges of the present proposal. They are driven by our recent finding that lubrication of destabilised joints leads to changes in gene-regulation of the cartilage-embedded chondrocytes to protect against development of the disease. OA alleviation is known to arise ",{"id":76,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":77,"piName":10,"institution":11,"country":12,"year":13,"amount":10,"abstract":78},"cordis-european-research-council-award-740041","Evolution of regulatory landscapes at multiple timescales","Evolution of animal morphology relies on changes in developmental programs that control body plans and organ shape. Such changes are thought to arise form alteration of the expression of functionally conserved developmental genes and their vast downstream networks. Although this hypothesis has a profound impact on the way we view animal evolution, final proof is still lacking. The hypothesis calls for evolution to take place mainly through modifications of cis-regulatory elements (CREs) controll",{"id":80,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":81,"piName":10,"institution":52,"country":53,"year":13,"amount":82,"abstract":83},"cordis-european-research-council-award-740900","Log Correlations and Random Matrices","€1,778,516","Random Matrix Theory has been of central importance in Mathematical Physics for over 50 years. It has deep connections with many other areas of Mathematics and a remarkably wide range of applications.  In 2012, a new avenue of research was initiated linking Random Matrix Theory to the highly active area of Probability Theory concerned with the extreme values of logarithmically correlated Gaussian fields, such as the branching random walk and the two-dimensional Gaussian Free Field. This connects",{"id":85,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":86,"piName":10,"institution":11,"country":12,"year":13,"amount":10,"abstract":87},"cordis-european-research-council-award-695515","Petrifying Wealth. The Southern European Shift to Masonry as Collective Investment in Identity, c.1050-1300","Between the years 1050 and 1300 the European landscape turned to stone. It was a structural transformation that led to the birth of a new, long-lasting panorama and helped in the creation of individual, collective and regional identities: a landscape epitomising the way we see the space and territory of Europe. Petrifying Wealth seeks to rewrite the social history of the central Middle Ages, emphasizing the need to reassess from an untried perspective an element that has always been present in o",{"id":89,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":90,"piName":10,"institution":91,"country":92,"year":13,"amount":93,"abstract":94},"cordis-european-research-council-award-742798","Carbonyl Sulphide: new ways of Observing the Climate System","WAGENINGEN UNIVERSITY","NL","€2,462,135","The future climate of our planet strongly depends on the capacity of the biosphere to sequester atmospheric CO2, and on the abundance of stratospheric sulphate aerosols (SSA). These aerosols form a layer that resides at about 16 km altitude that, contrary to CO2, has a cooling effect on climate. These two climate-regulating mechanisms are intricately linked to the atmospheric trace gas carbonyl sulphide (COS). COS is the most abundant sulphur compound in our atmosphere. The dominant COS source i",{"id":96,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":97,"piName":10,"institution":98,"country":60,"year":13,"amount":99,"abstract":100},"cordis-european-research-council-award-741306","Multidimensional CRISPR\u002FCas mediated engineering of plant breeding","KARLSRUHER INSTITUT FUER TECHNOLOGIE","€2,499,981","The implementation of CRISPR\u002FCas technology has already revolutionised biology and biotechnology. However, for plant breeding its full potential has hardly been applied. The gene pool of a plant species carries a tremendous amount of information regarding how to survive best under various biotic and abiotic stresses. Although countless wild varieties of crops have been safeguarded in gene banks worldwide, much of their genetic information cannot be used in agriculture. Often, adverse and\u002For favo",{"id":102,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":103,"piName":10,"institution":98,"country":60,"year":13,"amount":10,"abstract":104},"cordis-european-research-council-award-741276","Molecular Quantum Opto-Spintronics","The field of quantum materials has developed into an active playground for testing novel ideas and protocols for future devices governed by the principles of quantum mechanics. Quantum technologies might result in revolutionary improvements in terms of capacity, sensitivity, and speed, and will be the decisive factor for success in many industries and markets (http:\u002F\u002Fqurope.eu\u002Fmanifesto). Molecular magnets, realized by tailored molecules hosting magnetic ions, offer the possibility to obtain a f",{"id":106,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":107,"piName":10,"institution":108,"country":12,"year":13,"amount":109,"abstract":110},"cordis-european-research-council-award-741415","Universal microwave photonics programmable processor for seamlessly interfacing wireless and optical ICT systems","UNIVERSITAT POLITECNICA DE VALENCIA","€2,494,444","Information and communication technology (ICT) systems are expanding at an awesome pace in terms of capacity demand, number of connected end-users and required infrastructure. To cope with these rapidly increasing growth rates there is a need for a flexible, scalable and future-proof solution for seamlessly interfacing the wireless and photonic segments of communication networks. RF or Microwave photonics (MWP), is the best positioned technology to provide the required flexible, adaptive and fut",{"id":112,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":113,"piName":10,"institution":114,"country":12,"year":13,"amount":115,"abstract":116},"cordis-european-research-council-award-741966","Tissue regeneration and aging: the decisive quiescent stem-cell state","UNIVERSIDAD POMPEU FABRA","€2,499,949","The basic mechanisms of stem cell malfunction during aging are poorly understood even though they underlie the regenerative decline of most organs and tissues as we age. Based on our recent contributions (Nature 2014, Nature 2016), the fields of tissue regeneration and aging converge on the key role of the quiescent state, the preferred state of stem cells in low turnover tissues such as skeletal muscle. Our unifying hypothesis is that stem-cell quiescence maintenance, which requires active prot",{"id":118,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":119,"piName":10,"institution":120,"country":60,"year":13,"amount":121,"abstract":122},"cordis-european-research-council-award-694968","Precision Multi-Spectral Optoacoustic Tomography for Discovery Diagnosis and Intervention","HELMHOLTZ ZENTRUM MUENCHEN DEUTSCHES FORSCHUNGSZENTRUM FUER GESUNDHEIT UND UMWELT GMBH","€2,497,268","The 2008 ERC Advanced Grant multispectral optoacoustic tomography (MSOT) yielded a novel modality for post-genomic small animal optical imaging, >110 peer-reviewed publications and several major awards including the 2014 Germany’s Innovation award. Since 2011 spin-off iThera Medical GmbH commercialized and placed MSOT systems in European, Asian and North American laboratories, making MSOT an international term. MSOT brought unprecedented optical imaging performance now enabling independent disco",{"id":124,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":125,"piName":10,"institution":126,"country":12,"year":13,"amount":127,"abstract":128},"cordis-european-research-council-award-742684","Catalytic Dual-Function Devices Against Cancer","UNIVERSIDAD DE ZARAGOZA","€2,483,136","Despite intense research efforts in almost every branch of the natural sciences, cancer continues to be one of the leading causes of death worldwide. It is thus remarkable that little or no therapeutic use has been made of a whole discipline, heterogeneous catalysis, which is noted for its specificity and for enabling chemical reactions in otherwise passive environments. At least in part, this could be attributed to practical difficulties: the selective delivery of a catalyst to a tumour and the",{"id":130,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":131,"piName":10,"institution":132,"country":60,"year":13,"amount":133,"abstract":134},"cordis-european-research-council-award-742610","Electric field imaging of single molecular charges by a quantum sensor","UNIVERSITY OF STUTTGART","€2,422,543","Precision measurements are a key application of quantum technology. They have brought record precision in time measurement or outstanding sensitivity in measuring a whole wealth of quantities. Bringing such measurements to the nanoscale is new. If those quantum sensor function under a variety of environments, including ambient or physiological condition they promise unprecedented application.   SMel aims to exploit the outstanding nanoscale quantum sensing capabilities of spin defects to achieve",{"id":136,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":137,"piName":10,"institution":19,"country":20,"year":13,"amount":138,"abstract":139},"cordis-european-research-council-award-741773","Adaptive Actin Architectures","€2,349,898","Although we have extensive knowledge of many important processes in cell biology, including information on many of the molecules involved and the physical interactions among them, we still do not understand most of the dynamical features that are the essence of living systems. This is particularly true for the actin cytoskeleton, a major component of the internal architecture of eukaryotic cells.  In living cells, actin networks constantly assemble and disassemble filaments while maintaining an ",{"id":141,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":142,"piName":10,"institution":19,"country":20,"year":13,"amount":10,"abstract":143},"cordis-european-research-council-award-741467","Firms and Their Networks","There is mounting evidence that firms are becoming more fragmented; production is less often made “in-house”. Firms buy inputs from abroad. Tasks are often split in parts. Some are offshored, others are subcontracted. Hence, firms buy services from other, local or international, firms. But they also supply inputs to other firms. Technical change, the internet, and globalization, all facilitate this transformation. In order to better understand how firms thrive in the new global environment, the ",{"id":145,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":146,"piName":10,"institution":147,"country":20,"year":13,"amount":148,"abstract":149},"cordis-european-research-council-award-695618","Isotope Fractionation of Light Elements Upon Ionization: Cosmochemical and Geochemical Implications","UNIVERSITE DE LORRAINE","€2,810,229","Light elements such as hydrogen and nitrogen present large isotope variations among solar system objects and reservoirs (including planetary atmospheres) that remain unexplained at present. Works based on theoretical approaches are model-dependent and do not reach a consensus. Laboratory experiments are required in order to develop the underlying physical mechanisms. The aim of the project is to investigate the origins of and processes responsible for isotope variations of the light elements and",{"id":151,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":152,"piName":10,"institution":19,"country":20,"year":13,"amount":153,"abstract":154},"cordis-european-research-council-award-695561","The Baryon Picture of the Cosmos","€2,488,350","The cosmological paradigm of structure formation is both extremely successful and plagued by many enigmas. Not only the nature of the main matter component, dark matter, shaping the structure skeleton in the form of a cosmic web, is mysterious; but also half of the ordinary matter (i.e. baryons) at late times of the cosmic history, remains unobserved, or hidden! ByoPiC focuses on this key and currently unresolved issue in astrophysics and cosmology: Where and how are half of the baryons hidden a",{"id":156,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":157,"piName":10,"institution":19,"country":20,"year":13,"amount":10,"abstract":158},"cordis-european-research-council-award-741123","Corrosion Initiation Mechanisms at the Nanometric\u002FAtomic Scale","The failure of metallic materials caused by corrosion strongly impacts our society with cost, safety, health and performance issues. The mechanisms of corrosion propagation are fairly well understood, and various means of mitigation are known even if research is still necessary to improve this knowledge or to develop corrosion protection for the application of new materials. The vision of CIMNAS is that a major breakthrough for corrosion protection lies in a deep understanding and control of the",{"id":160,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":161,"piName":10,"institution":19,"country":20,"year":13,"amount":162,"abstract":163},"cordis-european-research-council-award-742608","GeoLocLang","€1,301,863","I formulated recently a conjecture that should allow to geometrize the local Langlands correspondence over a non-archimedean local field. This mixes p-adic Hodge theory, the geometric Langlands program and the classical local Langlands correspondence. This conjecture says that given a discrete local Langlands parameter of a reductive group over a local field of equal or unequal characteristic, one should be able to construct a perverse Hecke eigensheaf on the stack of G-bundles on the curve I de",{"id":165,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":166,"piName":10,"institution":167,"country":53,"year":13,"amount":10,"abstract":168},"cordis-european-research-council-award-743278","Man and Nature in Developing Countries","LONDON SCHOOL OF ECONOMICS AND POLITICAL SCIENCE","The growth required to lift a billion people out of extreme poverty will require large increases in natural resource extraction and energy consumption. The negative externalities this growth creates – through degradation of forests and oceans, pollution and climate change – will affect us all. This is a proposal to create a new body of research on natural resource management and energy use in developing countries. It is distinctive for four reasons. First, it brings novel, applied micro techniqu",{"id":170,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":171,"piName":10,"institution":19,"country":20,"year":13,"amount":172,"abstract":173},"cordis-european-research-council-award-694918","Unraveling complex organ regeneration through live imaging and molecular profiling approaches","€2,571,694","Many animals have the ability to regenerate parts of their body following injury or amputation. While there is great biological and medical interest in this process, many fundamental questions remain unanswered, because complex organ regeneration is poorly represented in classic model organisms; flies, nematodes and mammals have limited regenerative abilities, in contrast to flatworms, crustaceans and fish.reLIVE explores fundamental questions on regeneration in an emerging crustacean model, Par",{"id":175,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":176,"piName":10,"institution":177,"country":20,"year":13,"amount":178,"abstract":179},"cordis-european-research-council-award-742719","Molecules, magnetic fields and Intermittency in coSmic Turbulence – Following the energy trail.","ECOLE NORMALE SUPERIEURE","€2,500,000","The discovery of molecules in the early universe is a challenging providence. Molecules unveil the truly cold universe in which stars form and their rich versatility provides unique diagnostics to unravel the ”relative importance of purely gravitational effects and gas dynamical effects involving dissipation and radiative cooling”, recognized 40 years ago by White and Rees to be a central issue in theories of galaxy formation. Molecules also reveal that cosmic turbulence is far less dissipative ",{"id":181,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":182,"piName":10,"institution":19,"country":20,"year":13,"amount":183,"abstract":184},"cordis-european-research-council-award-741550","Dynamic Interplay between Energy and Memory","€2,499,500","Understanding the links between neuronal plasticity which underlies memory and energy metabolism is a major goal of brain studies. The brain is a main energy consumer and the central regulator of energy homeostasis, and it prioritizes its own supply over peripheral organs. Interestingly, our work demonstrates that the brain is also able to regulate its own activity under energy shortage to favor survival.The EnergyMemo project proposes to perform in drosophila an original integrated study of the",{"id":186,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":187,"piName":10,"institution":19,"country":20,"year":13,"amount":188,"abstract":189},"cordis-european-research-council-award-740651","Magnetic Fields and the Formation of New Worlds","€3,487,580","Magnetic fields impact the formation of low-mass stars and their planets, and contribute to setting adequate conditions for life to appear. They control the amount of material and angular momentum from which stars and their planets form and mature, and can save newborn close-in planets from falling into their host stars. Magnetic fields can also affect planets by eroding their atmospheres and limiting their habitability, while hampering at the same time their detectability. Our understanding of ",{"id":191,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":192,"piName":10,"institution":193,"country":53,"year":13,"amount":194,"abstract":195},"cordis-european-research-council-award-742708","Designing Conjugated Polymers for Photocatalysis and Ion Transport","IMPERIAL COLLEGE OF SCIENCE TECHNOLOGY AND MEDICINE","€2,351,550","Solar energy conversion will play an essential role in the future supply of clean energy. Secure access to energy sources will require energy conversion technologies that are low impact, distributed and accessible both technically and financially. Molecular electronic materials embody these possibilities, offering facile synthesis, low energy production and the versatility to allow performance to be maximized for specific applications. Moreover, they bring appealing similarities with nature’s in",{"id":197,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":198,"piName":10,"institution":19,"country":20,"year":13,"amount":10,"abstract":199},"cordis-european-research-council-award-741501","New Directions in Derived Algebraic Geometry","New Directions in Derived Algebraic Geometry: In this proposal we propose to give a new impulsion on derived algebraic geometry by exploring new domains of applicability as well as developing new ideas and fundamental results. For this, we propose to focus on the, still very much unexplored, interactions of derived algebraic geometry with an extremely rich domain: singularity theory (to be understood in a broad sense, possibly in positive and mixed characteristics, but also singularities of mero",{"id":201,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":202,"piName":10,"institution":19,"country":20,"year":13,"amount":203,"abstract":204},"cordis-european-research-council-award-743159","Criticality and Dual Superfluidity","€2,246,536","Low temperature matter exhibits a spectacular variety of highly ordered states that occur through phasetransitions. In quantum systems, phase transitions and associated critical phenomena constitute a centralissue of modern physics. Wilson’s theory of renormalization showed that very different physical systemscould be unified under the same universality class characterized by critical exponents. The high degree ofcontrol offered by ultracold atom experiments sets them as an ideal platform for th",{"id":206,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":207,"piName":10,"institution":19,"country":20,"year":13,"amount":208,"abstract":209},"cordis-european-research-council-award-742141","Parallel Orthographic Processing and Reading","€2,498,485","The project centers on a new computational model, the POP-R model, that implements two original, and apparently contradictory, hypotheses with respect to the processing of orthographic information spanning several words during silent reading for meaning: 1) orthographic information spanning several words is processed in parallel and integrated within a single pool of location-invariant orthographic representations; 2) readers process multiple word identities in parallel and keep track of the pos",{"id":211,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":212,"piName":10,"institution":213,"country":60,"year":13,"amount":214,"abstract":215},"cordis-european-research-council-award-695093","Macrophage aging and rejuvenation","TECHNISCHE UNIVERSITAET DRESDEN","€2,499,994","Tissue resident macrophages are essentially present in every organ of the body and perform critical functions in immunity,tissue homeostasis and regeneration. Recent evidence shows that resident macrophages can originate from embryonicprogenitors and be maintained in tissues long term by local proliferation independently of monocytes. This self-renewalability, however, appears to decline with age, with potentially major consequences for the response to infection, theresolution of inflammation an",{"id":217,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":218,"piName":10,"institution":219,"country":92,"year":13,"amount":220,"abstract":221},"cordis-european-research-council-award-742703","Virtual Seismology: monitoring the Earth's subsurface with underground virtual earthquakes and virtual seismometers","TECHNISCHE UNIVERSITEIT DELFT","€2,499,474","If it were possible to place seismometers and seismic vibrators anywhere below the ground in, for example, an induced-earthquake-sensitive area, we could measure the source mechanism of actual earthquakes, monitor the geomechanical state of the area over time, and quantify the ground motion caused by possible future earthquakes. Moreover, we could monitor fluid flow in aquifers, geothermal reservoirs or CO2 storage reservoirs, with unprecedented resolution. Unfortunately, placing seismic instrum",{"id":223,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":224,"piName":10,"institution":225,"country":53,"year":13,"amount":226,"abstract":227},"cordis-european-research-council-award-741904","Interactive Research in Music as Sound:Transforming Digital Musicology","UNIVERSITY OF HUDDERSFIELD","€2,471,416","In an age when technology is revolutionizing the ways in which music is made and distributed, this project proposes correspondingly to transform approaches to musicology, moving from a primarily fixed, text-based approach to one that incorporates as an integral feature the interactive and aural. It brings skills and expertise from music technology to assist in the development of research strategies and software to enable musicological research to engage more directly with sound. It will pioneer ",{"id":229,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":230,"piName":10,"institution":231,"country":92,"year":13,"amount":232,"abstract":233},"cordis-european-research-council-award-740479","Diffusive Droplet Dynamics in multicomponent fluid systems","UNIVERSITEIT TWENTE","€2,937,500","Liquid-liquid extraction - the transfer of a solute from one solvent to another - is a core process in chemical technology and analysis. The current challenge is to miniaturise the analyte extraction process and to optimize the extraction recovery and preconcentration factor. Lacking a priori calculations, this is now often done by trial-and-error. However, to control and optimize the extraction processes, it is crucial to quantitatively understand the diffusive droplet dynamics in multicomponen",{"id":235,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":236,"piName":10,"institution":237,"country":53,"year":13,"amount":238,"abstract":239},"cordis-european-research-council-award-694620","CLONAL AND CELLULAR HETEROGENEITY OF BREAST CANCER AND ITS DYNAMIC EVOLUTION WITH TREATMENT","THE CHANCELLOR MASTERS AND SCHOLARS OF THE UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE","€2,497,660","CLONAL AND CELLULAR HETEROGENEITY OF BREAST CANCER AND ITS DYNAMIC EVOLUTION WITH TREATMENTBreast cancer remains one of the leading causes of cancer death in women. One of the greatest challenges is that breast cancer is a heterogeneous group of 10 diseases defined by genomic profiling. In addition, each tumor is composed of clones and clonal evolution underpins the successive acquisition of the hallmarks of cancer, including metastasis and resistance to therapy. Furthermore tumors display biolo",{"id":241,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":242,"piName":10,"institution":243,"country":20,"year":13,"amount":10,"abstract":244},"cordis-european-research-council-award-741251","Electrochemically induced Asymmetry: from materials to molecules and back","INSTITUT POLYTECHNIQUE DE BORDEAUX","Asymmetry is a very common feature of many systems, objects and molecules, that we use in our daily life. Actually, it is in a majority of cases the absolutely crucial ingredient for conferring a useful property to a system, a prominent example being the chiral nature of pharmaceutically active compounds. Chemists have developed various approaches to generate asymmetry, from the molecular to the macroscopic scale, but are still facing major challenges when exploring efficient alternative physico",{"id":246,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":247,"piName":10,"institution":248,"country":249,"year":13,"amount":178,"abstract":250},"cordis-european-research-council-award-743074","Preclinical concept validation of tumor endothelial cell metabolism for novel anti-angiogenic therapy","VIB VZW","BE","MAIN GOAL: To characterize the metabolic changes, fuelling growth of tumor endothelial cells (TECs) versus normal healthy endothelial cells (NECs), and identify & validate metabolic genes, deregulated in TECs, as targets for anti-angiogenic cancer therapy. BACKGROUND & RATIONALE: Tumors stimulate blood vessel growth (angiogenesis) to nourish cancer cells, but current anti-angiogenic treatments lack sufficient efficacy. NECs are widely used for anti-angiogenesis development, but TECs, the real ta",{"id":252,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":253,"piName":10,"institution":254,"country":92,"year":13,"amount":10,"abstract":255},"cordis-european-research-council-award-742204","Forests and Trees: the Formal Semantics of Collective Categorization","UNIVERSITEIT UTRECHT","Languages have various ways of referring to collections like families, herds and forests. The grammatical properties of collective expressions critically determine how we understand them. The sentences “this forest is old” and “these trees are old” categorize an arboreal collection using a concept (“old”), while conveying different meanings. This semantic difference correlates with the difference in grammatical number between the sentences: singular vs. plural. Such effects of collective categor",{"id":257,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":258,"piName":10,"institution":259,"country":260,"year":13,"amount":10,"abstract":261},"cordis-european-research-council-award-742576","Connectivity, plasticity and function of an olfactory memory circuit","FRIEDRICH MIESCHER INSTITUTE FOR BIOMEDICAL RESEARCH FONDATION","CH","The brain accumulates knowledge by experience-driven modifications of neuronal connectivity and creates models of the world that enable intelligent behavior. It is thought that these processes are based on autoassociative mechanisms of circuit plasticity. However, direct tests of these fundamental concepts are difficult because they require dense reconstructions of neuronal wiring diagrams. We will dissect structural and functional mechanisms of autoassociative memory in telencephalic area Dp of",{"id":263,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":264,"piName":10,"institution":265,"country":266,"year":13,"amount":267,"abstract":268},"cordis-european-research-council-award-692692","Biophysics and circuit function of a giant cortical glutamatergic synapse","INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY AUSTRIA","AT","€2,677,500","A fundamental question in neuroscience is how the biophysical properties of synapses shape higher networkcomputations. The hippocampal mossy fiber synapse, formed between axons of dentate gyrus granule cellsand dendrites of CA3 pyramidal neurons, is the ideal synapse to address this question. This synapse is accessibleto presynaptic recording, due to its large size, allowing a rigorous investigation of the biophysicalmechanisms of transmission and plasticity. Furthermore, this synapse is placed ",{"id":270,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":271,"piName":10,"institution":272,"country":273,"year":13,"amount":274,"abstract":275},"cordis-european-research-council-award-742595","Specificity of cortico-thalamic interactions and its role in frontal cortical functions","HUN-REN KISERLETI ORVOSTUDOMANYI  KUTATOINTEZET","HU","€1,597,575","Frontal cortical areas are responsible for a wide range of executive and cognitive functions. Frontal cortices communicate with the thalamus via bidirectional pathways and these connections are indispensable for frontal cortical operations. Still, we have very little information about the specificity of connections, synaptic interactions and plasticity between frontal cortex and thalamus and the roles of these interactions in frontal cortical functions.In the present proposal, we will test the h",{"id":277,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":278,"piName":10,"institution":279,"country":60,"year":13,"amount":178,"abstract":280},"cordis-european-research-council-award-740516","Non-sequence models for tokenization replacement","LUDWIG-MAXIMILIANS-UNIVERSITAET MUENCHEN","Natural language processing (NLP) is concerned withcomputer-based processing of natural language, withapplications such as human-machine interfaces andinformation access.  The capabilities of NLP are currentlyseverely limited compared to humans. NLP has high errorrates for languages that differ from English (e.g.,languages with higher morphological complexity like Czech)and for text genres that are not well edited (or noisy) andthat are of high economic importance, e.g., social mediatext.NLP is ",{"id":282,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":283,"piName":10,"institution":284,"country":60,"year":13,"amount":285,"abstract":286},"cordis-european-research-council-award-742631","A Global History of Technology, 1850-2000","TECHNISCHE UNIVERSITAT DARMSTADT","€2,499,789","What role did technology play in the age of colonization and globalization? The proposed project, A Global History of Technology, 1850-2000 (GLOBAL-HOT), explores this vital question. Traditional histories written about this period usually trace the wide circulation of mainstream technologies—from railways and telegraphs to container ships and mobile phones. The standard narrative claims these technologies supported colonialism and later triggered globalization—the growing uniformity and homogen",{"id":288,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":289,"piName":10,"institution":290,"country":53,"year":13,"amount":291,"abstract":292},"cordis-european-research-council-award-695285","A Global Anthropology of Transforming Marriage","THE UNIVERSITY OF EDINBURGH","€2,297,584","This research will create a new theoretical vision of the importance of marriage as an agent of transformation in human sociality. Marriage globally is undergoing profound change, provoking intense debate and anxiety. These concerns refract wider instabilities in political, economic, and familial institutions. They signal the critical role of marriage in bringing together - and separating - intimate, personal, and familial life with wider state institutions. But we have little up to date compara",{"id":294,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":295,"piName":10,"institution":296,"country":40,"year":13,"amount":178,"abstract":297},"cordis-european-research-council-award-695069","Reaching the effects of gastric bypass on diabetes and obesity without surgery","KOBENHAVNS UNIVERSITET","Gastric bypass surgery results in massive weight loss and diabetes remission. The effect is superior to intensive medical treatment, showing that there are mechanisms within the body that can cure diabetes and obesity.  Revealing the nature of these mechanisms could lead to new, cost-efficient, similarly effective, non-invasive treatments of these conditions. The hypothesis is that hyper-secretion of a number of gut hormones mediates the effect of surgery, as indicated by a series of our recent ",{"id":299,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":300,"piName":10,"institution":301,"country":302,"year":13,"amount":303,"abstract":304},"cordis-european-research-council-award-742390","PRECISION CARE IN SYSTEMIC AUTOIMMUNITY: AN INTEGRATED MULTI-TISSUE\u002FLEVEL APPROACH FOR SYSTEMIC LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS (SLE)","IDRYMA IATROVIOLOGIKON EREUNON AKADEMIAS ATHINON","EL","€2,355,000","Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a heterogeneous disease whereby an interplay of environmental, genetic and epigenetic factors lead to perturbation of complex biological networks culminating into diverse clinical phenotypes of varying severity. High throughput methods have allowed an “initial glimpse” into pathogenesis and have laid the foundations for a molecular-based taxonomy for personalized therapy. Based on our experience with the molecular characterization of SLE, a recently complete",{"id":306,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":307,"piName":10,"institution":308,"country":53,"year":13,"amount":309,"abstract":310},"cordis-european-research-council-award-740472","Smartphones, Smart Ageing and mHealth","UNIVERSITY COLLEGE LONDON","€2,499,908","This project will investigate fundamental changes in people’s relationship to age and health associated with the global rise of the smartphone. The aim is to combine an intellectual challenge in understanding the contemporary nature of age and the impact of new media, with an applied challenge to use this knowledge to help make mHealth a more effective intervention. Through simultaneous 15 month ethnographies in China, Japan, Iran, Ireland, Nigeria and Tanzania (and supplementary work in Trinida",{"id":312,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":313,"piName":10,"institution":314,"country":53,"year":13,"amount":315,"abstract":316},"cordis-european-research-council-award-695744","SHARING A GENOME: CASTE ANTAGONISM AND COADAPTATION IN SOCIAL INSECTS","THE UNIVERSITY OF EXETER","€2,424,263","Eusociality, in which workers sacrifice their own reproduction to rear the offspring of queens, is a major focus of interest in evolutionary biology. A key aim during recent decades has been to understand the conflicts of interest within eusocial groups. In contrast, however, little is known about the underlying genetic architecture. In this proposal, we will use a mixture of field experiments and transcriptomics to address novel questions about the evolutionary dynamics of queen-worker interact",{"id":318,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":319,"piName":10,"institution":320,"country":60,"year":13,"amount":321,"abstract":322},"cordis-european-research-council-award-740537","Volume regulation and extracellular signalling by anion channels","FORSCHUNGSVERBUND BERLIN EV","€2,499,991","Cells must regulate their volume in response to changes in osmolarity and during cell division, migration, apoptosis, and transepithelial transport. Regulated membrane transport of ions and metabolites creates osmotic gradients that secondarily drive water across the membrane. Organic ‘osmolytes’ such as glutamate also serve in extracellular signalling and volume-regulatory ion transporters are often used for other purposes, putting volume regulation into the context of diverse organismal functi",{"id":324,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":325,"piName":10,"institution":326,"country":302,"year":13,"amount":327,"abstract":328},"cordis-european-research-council-award-695190","MacroAutophagy and Necrotic Neurodegeneration in Ageing","IDRYMA TECHNOLOGIAS KAI EREVNAS","€2,254,109","Necrosis contributes critically in devastating human pathologies such as stroke, ischemia, and age-associated neurodegenerative disorders. Ageing increases susceptibility to neurodegeneration, in diverse species ranging from the lowly nematode Caenorhabditis elegans to humans. The mechanisms that govern necrotic neurodegeneration and its modulation by ageing are poorly understood. Autophagy has been implicated in necrosis and neurodegeneration, both with pro-survival and a pro-death roles. Autop",{"id":330,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":331,"piName":10,"institution":332,"country":53,"year":13,"amount":10,"abstract":333},"cordis-european-research-council-award-740342","Pastoralism, Uncertainty and Resilience: Global Lessons from the Margins","INSTITUTE OF DEVELOPMENT STUDIES","Existing institutions, legal frameworks and governance systems are not equipped to respond to growing global uncertainties and the challenges of building resilience. Radical new thinking is needed.  Important lessons potentially can come from surprising quarters. Drawing insights from pastoral areas across three continents, we will ask: What lessons can we learn from pastoral systems responding to rapid change that help us understand how to live with uncertainty and build resilience? Learning fr",{"id":335,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":336,"piName":10,"institution":337,"country":92,"year":13,"amount":338,"abstract":339},"cordis-european-research-council-award-693400","Goal-directed eye-head coordination in dynamic multisensory environments","STICHTING RADBOUD UNIVERSITEIT","€2,523,438","Rapid object identification is crucial for survival of all organisms, but poses daunting challenges if many stimuli compete for attention, and multiple sensory and motor systems are involved in the processing, programming and generating of an eye-head gaze-orienting response to a selected goal. How do  normal and sensory-impaired brains decide which signals to integrate (“goal”), or suppress (“distracter”)?  Audiovisual (AV) integration only helps for spatially and temporally aligned stimuli. Ho",{"id":341,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":342,"piName":10,"institution":290,"country":53,"year":13,"amount":343,"abstract":344},"cordis-european-research-council-award-742137","Form-Independent Semantics for Natural Language Understanding","€1,996,792","The project addresses the most important open problem in NLP, to develop a robust semantics that is invariant across different linguistic forms within a language and across languages, and embodies aspects of common-sense knowledge.  It will be derived by machine-learning from machine-reading of vast amounts of text, using an existing state-of-the-art wide-coverage CCG semantic parser developed under previous ERC funding to the PI, initially to build traditional semantic analyses of sentences rel",{"id":346,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":347,"piName":10,"institution":348,"country":53,"year":13,"amount":349,"abstract":350},"cordis-european-research-council-award-692739","Expecting Ourselves: Embodied Prediction and the Construction of Conscious Experience","THE UNIVERSITY OF SUSSEX","€1,391,134","This project (short name, XSPECT) aims to harness the emerging science of the predictive brain to deliver new insights into the nature, scope, mechanisms and (most importantly) the very possibility of conscious experience. The project thus explores and extends the vision of the brain as an inner engine continuously striving to predict the incoming sensory barrage. The key innovation is to consider this increasingly popular vision in the special context of embodied agents able to predict many of ",{"id":352,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":353,"piName":10,"institution":354,"country":27,"year":13,"amount":355,"abstract":356},"cordis-european-research-council-award-740120","The Interstellar Medium of High Redshift Galaxies","SCUOLA NORMALE SUPERIORE","€2,151,875","When and how did the first galaxies form across cosmic history? Were they different from present-day ones? This is only a small subset of key cosmological questions that the combination of deep galaxy observations, theoretical modeling, and powerful simulations envisaged here will allow us to answer for the first time. Deep galaxy surveys have provided a first valuable characterization of early galaxies in the Epoch of Reionization (redshift z > 6), mostly in terms of their stellar content. Howe",{"id":358,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":359,"piName":10,"institution":26,"country":27,"year":13,"amount":360,"abstract":361},"cordis-european-research-council-award-741643","European Integration, Populism and European Cities","€1,276,250","Why is it so difficult to achieve further European political integration? This question motivates the first part of the project. The standard approach in economics presumes that integration of countries reflects a tradeoff between economic benefits and the cost of cultural heterogeneity. To assess this tradeoff, we exploit survey data to quantify cultural heterogeneity within and between EU countries, comparing it to the US. We also investigate time variation, to assess whether economic integrat",{"id":363,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":364,"piName":10,"institution":365,"country":72,"year":13,"amount":366,"abstract":367},"cordis-european-research-council-award-741767","Coupled Nanocrystal Molecules: Quantum coupling effects via chemical coupling of colloidal nanocrystals","THE HEBREW UNIVERSITY OF JERUSALEM","€2,499,750","Coupling of atoms is the basis of chemistry, yielding the beauty and richness of molecules and materials. Herein I introduce nanocrystal chemistry: the use of semiconductor nanocrystals (NCs) as artificial atoms to form NC molecules that are chemically, structurally and physically coupled. The unique emergent quantum mechanical consequences of the NCs coupling will be studied and tailored to yield a chemical-quantum palette: coherent coupling of NC exciton states; dual color single photon emitte",{"id":369,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":370,"piName":10,"institution":259,"country":260,"year":13,"amount":371,"abstract":372},"cordis-european-research-council-award-741269","Cyclical and Linear Timing Modes in Development","€2,358,625","Organismal development requires proper timing of events such as cell fate choices, but the mechanisms that control temporal patterning remain poorly understood. In particular, we know little of the cyclical timers, or ‘clocks’, that control recurring events such as vertebrate segmentation or nematode molting. Furthermore, it is unknown how cyclical timers are coordinated with the global, or linear, timing of development, e.g. to ensure an appropriate number of cyclical repeats. We propose to elu",{"id":374,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":375,"piName":10,"institution":376,"country":72,"year":13,"amount":377,"abstract":378},"cordis-european-research-council-award-743168","Transcriptomic m1A - a new key player in the epitranscriptome arena","MEDICAL RESEARCH INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT AND HEALTH SERVICES FUND BY THE SHEBA MEDICAL CENTER","€2,457,500","Reversible epigenetic modifications regulate gene expression to define cell fate and response to environmental stimuli.  Gene expression tuning by DNA and chromatin modifications is well studied, yet the effect of RNA modifications on gene expression is only starting to be revealed. More than a hundred chemical modifications decorate RNAs, mainly non-coding ones, expanding their nucleotide vocabulary and mediating their diverse functions. Several modifications were globally mapped in mRNA. Only ",{"id":380,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":381,"piName":10,"institution":382,"country":27,"year":13,"amount":383,"abstract":384},"cordis-european-research-council-award-740006","Proton strucure for discovery at the Large Hadron Collider","UNIVERSITA DEGLI STUDI DI MILANO","€1,602,862","The objective of this project is to revolutionize the way the structure of the proton is accessed, determined, and used in the computation of physical processes at hadron colliders such as the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) of CERN.  At a hadron accelerator, predictions require a precise, detailed, and accurate description and understanding  of the structure of the colliding protons, as encoded in parton distributions (PDFs) - the distributions of quarks and gluons. At the LHC, PDFs are at present ",{"id":386,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":387,"piName":10,"institution":388,"country":389,"year":13,"amount":390,"abstract":391},"cordis-european-research-council-award-695116","Advanced III-V Materials and Processes Enabling Ultrahigh-efficiency ( 50%) Photovoltaics","TAMPEREEN KORKEAKOULUSAATIO SR","FI","€2,492,719","Compound semiconductor solar cells are providing the highest photovoltaic conversion efficiency, yet their performance lacks far behind the theoretical potential. This is a position we will challenge by engineering advanced III-V optoelectronics materials and heterostructures for better utilization of the solar spectrum, enabling efficiencies approaching practical limits. The work is strongly motivated by the global need for renewable energy sources. To this end, AMETIST framework is based on th",{"id":393,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":394,"piName":10,"institution":395,"country":260,"year":13,"amount":178,"abstract":396},"cordis-european-research-council-award-742579","Mass, heat and spin transport in interlinked quantum gases","EIDGENOESSISCHE TECHNISCHE HOCHSCHULE ZUERICH","The objective of the proposed project is to create a versatile experimental and methodological platform for exploring transport mechanisms with quantum gases. Our approach will enable studying the dynamics of mass, heat and spin transport between linked reservoirs with a unique degree of control and flexibility, and promises to open up a route to discovering yet-unknown transport phenomena.Over the past two decades, ultracold atomic quantum gases have taken an increasingly lively role in the end",{"id":398,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":399,"piName":10,"institution":308,"country":53,"year":13,"amount":400,"abstract":401},"cordis-european-research-council-award-741149","Advanced clinical photoacoustic imaging systems based on optical microresonator detection","€2,163,061","Photoacoustic imaging is widely viewed as one of the most exciting and promising biomedical imaging techniques to have emerged in recent years. It offers major opportunities for increasing our understanding of basic biological processes at an anatomical, physiological and molecular level, and for improving the clinical diagnosis and treatment of cancer and other major diseases. The aim of this project is to develop and evaluate a new generation of advanced photoacoustic scanners for clinical pho",{"id":403,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":404,"piName":10,"institution":405,"country":60,"year":13,"amount":406,"abstract":407},"cordis-european-research-council-award-741121","Majorana Fermions in Topological Insulator Platforms","UNIVERSITAT ZU KOLN","€2,406,250","Majorana fermions were recently discovered in topological superconductors as exotic quasiparticles having the curious property of being their own antiparticles. They are not only interesting as novel relativistic quasiparticles, but are also useful for realizing fault-tolerant quantum computers. However, currently available platforms to materialize Majorana fermions are limited, and the existing platforms have respective drawbacks for actually building qubits for a scalable quantum computer. Als",{"id":409,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":410,"piName":10,"institution":411,"country":60,"year":13,"amount":412,"abstract":413},"cordis-european-research-council-award-742039","Detecting, understanding and exploiting intracellular redox signaling relays","DEUTSCHES KREBSFORSCHUNGSZENTRUM HEIDELBERG","€2,006,250","Redox signaling is a process by which endogenous oxidants, derived from metabolism, reversibly modify particular thiols on particular proteins to change their functional behavior in an adaptive manner. However, the molecular mechanisms of redox signaling remain largely unknown. In particular, specificity and efficiency of redox signaling remain unexplained. The now emerging solution to this conundrum is that redox signaling is mediated and channeled by protein-to-protein redox relay chains that ",{"id":415,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":416,"piName":10,"institution":59,"country":60,"year":13,"amount":377,"abstract":417},"cordis-european-research-council-award-740246","Mapping the Cosmic Gas Supply with ALMA","The molecular gas phase is the material in galaxies out of which stars form. As such, it is the quantity that controls the star formation rate of a galaxy, thereby the overall stellar mass build-up, and ultimately galaxy evolution through cosmic times. In contrast to studies of the stellar mass and star formation, characterizing this fuel supply in galaxies as a function of cosmic epoch is still in its infancy. The ALMA facility now redefines our ability to map out the cosmic cold gas supply, es",{"id":419,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":420,"piName":10,"institution":421,"country":60,"year":13,"amount":422,"abstract":423},"cordis-european-research-council-award-742145","Exploration of the 2D-Chemistry of Black Phosphorous","FRIEDRICH-ALEXANDER-UNIVERSITAET ERLANGEN-NUERNBERG","€2,491,250","We propose the development of the chemistry of black phosphorus (BP). B-PhosphoChem will constitute a new text book chapter in the realm of synthetic chemistry located at the interface of inorganic-, organic-, and materials chemistry as well as solid state physics. B-PhosphoChem will provide the basis for exciting and so far elusive applications such as ion batteries and stable high performance devices. Thin sheets of BP represent a new class of 2D materials and have recently raised tremendous i",{"id":425,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":426,"piName":10,"institution":427,"country":40,"year":13,"amount":178,"abstract":428},"cordis-european-research-council-award-741860","Discovering new Catalysts in the Cluster-Nanoparticle Transition Regime","DANMARKS TEKNISKE UNIVERSITET","The purpose of this proposal is to establish new fundamental insight of the reactivity and thereby the catalytic activity of oxides, nitrides, phosphides and sulfides (O-, N-, P-, S- ides) in the Cluster-Nanoparticle transition regime. We will use this insight to develop new catalysts through an interactive loop involving DFT simulations, synthesis, characterization and activity testing. The overarching objective is to make new catalysts that are efficient for production of solar fuels and chemi",{"id":430,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":431,"piName":10,"institution":432,"country":92,"year":13,"amount":10,"abstract":433},"cordis-european-research-council-award-740113","Family ties that bind: A new view of internal migration, immobility and labour-market outcomes","RIJKSUNIVERSITEIT GRONINGEN","Internal migration (long-distance moves within national borders) is generally assumed to be beneficial to individuals and households. This FamilyTies project has been designed to make a decisive contribution to a much more comprehensive explanation of internal migration and its labour-market outcomes than current, mainly economic, explanations have achieved thus far. It introduces a novel perspective on internal migration and immobility, which focuses on the role of family outside the household ",{"id":435,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":436,"piName":10,"institution":59,"country":60,"year":13,"amount":437,"abstract":438},"cordis-european-research-council-award-742106","Systems Neuroscience of Metabolism","€2,212,500","Proopiomelanocortin (POMC)- and Agouti-Related Peptide (AgRP)-expressing, i.e. melanocortin neurons in the hypothalamus, are key regulators of feeding behaviour, glucose metabolism, autonomic responses and higher cognitive functions. They represent targets for fuel-sensing hormones like leptin and insulin that thereby control key processes in systemic energy and glucose homeostasis. Importantly, resistance to these fuel-sensing signals is known to contribute to the current obesity and diabetes e",{"id":440,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":441,"piName":10,"institution":442,"country":53,"year":13,"amount":443,"abstract":444},"cordis-european-research-council-award-743093","Mechanisms of electroreception in bees and other terrestrial animals","UNIVERSITY OF BRISTOL","€2,294,320","Many animal species can detect the electric fields in their environment. Electroreception has mainly been studied in aquatic vertebrates; fish like sharks and rays, gymnotid and mormirid electric fish, the lamprey, the platypus, the coelacanth, and one mammalian species, a dolphin. We have discovered that bumblebees can detect and learn about the weak electric fields that arise when they approach a flower. This is the first example of electroreception in a non-conductive medium, aerial electrore",{"id":446,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":447,"piName":10,"institution":448,"country":60,"year":13,"amount":449,"abstract":450},"cordis-european-research-council-award-741781","Encapsulated eukaryotic ribosome assembly","RUPRECHT-KARLS-UNIVERSITAET HEIDELBERG","€2,000,000","The production of fully functional ribosomes is vital for every cell, with failure causing human diseases called ribosomopathies. Eukaryotic ribosome assembly is catalyzed by ~200 assembly factors that guarantee efficient and accurate production of ribosomal subunits along a temporally and spatially ordered pathway. About one third of these factors are utilized in the formation of the earliest biogenesis intermediate, termed 90S pre-ribosome or small subunit processome. Recent insight into the 9",{"id":452,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":453,"piName":10,"institution":454,"country":92,"year":13,"amount":455,"abstract":456},"cordis-european-research-council-award-740972","Algebraic Methods for Stronger Crypto","STICHTING NEDERLANDSE WETENSCHAPPELIJK ONDERZOEK INSTITUTEN","€2,447,439","Our field is cryptology. Our overarching objective is to advance  significantly the frontiers indesign and analysis of high-security cryptography for the future generation. Particularly, we wish to enhance the efficiency, functionality, and, last-but-not-least, fundamental understanding of cryptographic security against very powerful adversaries.Our approach here is to develop completely novel methods by deepening, strengthening and broadening the algebraic foundations of the field.Concretely, o",{"id":458,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":459,"piName":10,"institution":52,"country":53,"year":13,"amount":460,"abstract":461},"cordis-european-research-council-award-741112","An Information Theoretic Approach to Improving the Reliability of Weather and Climate Simulations","€2,494,117","The aim of this project is to develop a new synergy between climate and computer science to increase the accuracy and hence reliability of comprehensive weather and climate models. The scientific basis for this project lies in the PI’s pioneering research on stochastic sub-grid parametrisations for climate models. These parametrisations provide estimates of irreducible uncertainty in weather and climate models, and will be used to determine where numerical precision for model variables can be re",{"id":463,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":464,"piName":10,"institution":442,"country":53,"year":13,"amount":465,"abstract":466},"cordis-european-research-council-award-741134","Generalization in Mind and Machine","€2,495,578","Is the human mind a symbolic computational device?  This issue was at the core Chomsky’s critique of Skinner in the 1960s, and motivated the debates regarding Parallel Distributed Processing models developed in the 1980s. The recent successes of “deep” networks make this issue topical for psychology and neuroscience, and it raises the question of whether symbols are needed for artificial intelligence more generally.One of the innovations of the current project is to identify simple empirical phe",{"id":468,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":469,"piName":10,"institution":470,"country":20,"year":13,"amount":10,"abstract":471},"cordis-european-research-council-award-741002","The Dawn of Organic Chemistry","UNIVERSITE GRENOBLE ALPES","Terrestrial life is based on organic chemistry, on the complex combination of relatively small molecules containing less than 50 atoms of carbon and other elements in smaller quantities. Some of these bricks, notably amino acids, are found in meteoritic and cometary material, a fact (among others) which led the Nobel laureate C. de Duve to conclude that “the seeds of life are universal” and “life is an obligatory manifestation of matter, written into the fabric of the Universe”.The objective of ",{"id":473,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":474,"piName":10,"institution":52,"country":53,"year":13,"amount":475,"abstract":476},"cordis-european-research-council-award-740963","Climate Dynamics of Exoplanets with Condensible Atmospheres","€2,492,565","Condensible substances, which undergo a phase change from gaseous to liquid or solid condensed form, have a profound impact on planetary atmospheres, and are central to the determination of most key aspects of a planet's climate. The three phases of water operating in Earth's present climate provide the archetype for condensible processes in climate dynamics, but the dawning age of exoplanet discovery and characterization requires that the understanding of phase change effects be expanded far be",{"id":478,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":479,"piName":10,"institution":480,"country":20,"year":13,"amount":481,"abstract":482},"cordis-european-research-council-award-740021","Advances in Research on Theories of the Dark Universe - Inhomogeneity Effects in Relativistic Cosmology","UNIVERSITE LYON 1 CLAUDE BERNARD","€2,091,000","The project ARTHUS aims at determining the physical origin of Dark Energy: in addition to the energy sources of the standard model of cosmology, effective terms arise through spatially averaging inhomogeneous cosmological models in General Relativity. It has been demonstrated that these additional terms can play the role of Dark Energy on large scales (but they can also mimic Dark Matter on scales of mass accumulations). The underlying rationale is that fluctuations in the Universe generically c",{"id":484,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":485,"piName":10,"institution":284,"country":60,"year":13,"amount":486,"abstract":487},"cordis-european-research-council-award-743116","Turning the concept of magnetocaloric cooling on its head","€2,499,000","Twenty years of research in magnetocaloric materials has failed to provide the necessary breakthrough that will lead to a commercial realisation of this technology and satisfy the urgent global need for more efficient refrigeration. We strongly believe that this is a result of looking in the wrong direction. The cool innov project will achieve this breakthrough by rethinking the whole concept of caloric cooling. We are rejecting the conventional idea of squeezing the best out of magneto-structur",{"id":489,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":490,"piName":10,"institution":395,"country":260,"year":13,"amount":178,"abstract":491},"cordis-european-research-council-award-743217","Soft Micro Robotics","The field of Micro and Nano Robotics has made impressive strides over the past decade as researchers have created a variety of small devices capable of locomotion within liquid environments. Robust fabrication techniques have been developed, some devices have been functionalized for potential applications, and therapies are being actively considered. While excitement remains high for this field, we are facing a number of significant challenges that must be addressed head-on if continued progress",{"id":493,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":494,"piName":10,"institution":495,"country":260,"year":13,"amount":496,"abstract":497},"cordis-european-research-council-award-741166","Time in Medieval Japan","UNIVERSITAT ZURICH","€2,497,500","The project explores time in medieval Japan, taking a new approach to historical articulations of the concept of time, based on the theory of symbolic forms. It will examine symbolic representations and social regulations of time in a civilisation that is often juxtaposed to contemporary, globalised modernity. We will investigate into medieval Japan as a dynamic and internally differentiated society, and not as a unified “traditional” culture dominated by a qualitative concept of time. We will f",{"id":499,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":500,"piName":10,"institution":231,"country":92,"year":13,"amount":178,"abstract":501},"cordis-european-research-council-award-742004","Chemical Reaction Engineering by Additive Manufacturing of Mesoscale MetaMaterials","The management of mesoscale dynamics is the missing link in gaining complete control over chemical processes like heterogeneous catalysis. The ability to accurately position nanoscale active elements in cellular mesoscale (nm to µm-range) structures with high symmetrical order is instrumental in streamlining vital molecular or energetic paths. 3D periodicity in the structure that supports active or adsorption sites minimizes spatial variations in mass transport, whereas mesoscale control of the ",{"id":503,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":504,"piName":10,"institution":505,"country":27,"year":13,"amount":10,"abstract":506},"cordis-european-research-council-award-740355","Spatiotemporal multimode complex optical systems","UNIVERSITA DEGLI STUDI DI ROMA LA SAPIENZA","The STEMS project is about exploiting the new concept that has been recently introduced by the PI and his co-workers, namely the self-control of the spatial coherence of optical beams in multimode nonlinear optical fibers. This concept will enable a breakthrough technology, capable of delivering high-energy optical pulses with high-average powers and much higher beam quality from fiber lasers than what is possible today. High-power fiber lasers are largely limited by transverse mode instabilitie",{"id":508,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":509,"piName":10,"institution":510,"country":273,"year":13,"amount":511,"abstract":512},"cordis-european-research-council-award-741420","Growth in Groups and Graph Isomorphism Now","HUN-REN RENYI ALFRED MATEMATIKAI KUTATOINTEZET","€1,965,340","In recent years there has been spectacular progress in studying growth in groups. A central result in this new area, obtained by Pyber-Szabo' (with a similar result proved by Breuillard-Green-Tao), shows that powers of generating subsets of finite simple groups of bounded dimension grow fast. Extending this Product Theorem Szabo' and the PI also proved a weaker version of a conjecture of Helfgott-Lindenstrauss. The Product Theorem has deep consequences in the study of groups, number theory and r",{"id":514,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":515,"piName":10,"institution":308,"country":53,"year":13,"amount":516,"abstract":517},"cordis-european-research-council-award-740427","Control of cerebral blood flow by capillary pericytes in health and disease","€2,499,954","Pericytes, located at intervals along capillaries, have recently been revealed as major controllers of brain blood flow. Normally, they dilate capillaries in response to neuronal activity, increasing local blood flow and energy supply.  But in pathology they have a more sinister role. After artery block causes a stroke, the brain suffers from the so-called “no-reflow” phenomenon - a failure to fully reperfuse capillaries, even after the upstream occluded artery has been reperfused successfully. ",{"id":519,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":520,"piName":10,"institution":521,"country":92,"year":13,"amount":178,"abstract":522},"cordis-european-research-council-award-741340","Rural Riches. The bottom-up development of Post-Roman Northwestern Europe (450-640)","UNIVERSITEIT LEIDEN","The question as to how Europe emerged from the collapse of the Roman state in the West has been the subject of academic debate for over a century. Most modern authors agree on the idea that the post-Roman economic development was the result of the initiatives and the demand of the elite. This paradigm of elite control of production and (long-distance) trade seems to be at odds with the vast amounts of objects, often precious and of exotic origin, that are found in the thousands of richly furnish",{"id":524,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":525,"piName":10,"institution":526,"country":249,"year":13,"amount":527,"abstract":528},"cordis-european-research-council-award-695495","A new concept for ultra-high capacity wireless networks","UNIVERSITEIT GENT","€2,496,250","The project will address the following key question: How can we provide fibre-like connectivity to moving objects (robots, humans) with the following characteristics: very high dedicated bitrate of 100 Gb\u002Fs per object, very low latency of \u003C10 μs, very high reliability of 99.999%, very high density of more than one object per m2 and this at low power consumption? Achieving this would be groundbreaking and it requires a completely new and high-risk approach: applying close proximity wireless commu",{"id":530,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":531,"piName":10,"institution":532,"country":266,"year":13,"amount":533,"abstract":534},"cordis-european-research-council-award-741105","The Demography of Sustainable Human Wellbeing","INTERNATIONALES INSTITUT FUER ANGEWANDTE SYSTEMANALYSE","€1,819,250","This project will apply two distinctly demographic concepts to research questions that go far beyond demography. The wellbeing indicators proposed here will be based on life table methods and the recently operationalized concept of Demographic Metabolism – modelling social change through the replacement of generations – will be used to get a quantitative analytical handle on the temporal dynamics of improving human wellbeing. The project will theoretically develop, empirically estimate, test and",{"id":536,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":537,"piName":10,"institution":279,"country":60,"year":13,"amount":538,"abstract":539},"cordis-european-research-council-award-694913","Pathophysiology of Primary Aldosteronism","€2,496,875","Arterial hypertension is a major cardiovascular risk factor that affects between 10-40% of the population. Primary aldosteronism (PA) due to adrenal excess production of aldosterone is the most common secondary form of hypertension affecting 4-12% of hypertensives. Given the severe cardiovascular adverse effects of aldosterone excess early detection and individualized treatment of PA has important impact on clinical outcome and survival. However, the pathophysiology of PA is not well understood:",{"id":541,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":542,"piName":10,"institution":543,"country":27,"year":13,"amount":544,"abstract":545},"cordis-european-research-council-award-742922","Inherited disfunctions of brain microcirculation","IFOM-ISTITUTO FONDAZIONE DI ONCOLOGIA MOLECOLARE ETS","€2,451,250","Cerebral cavernous malformations (CCM) is a disease characterized by focal capillary-venous cavernomas located in the central nervous system. These malformations are fragile and bleed leading to seizures, paralysis and cerebral hemorrhages. The familial form of CCM is due to loss of function mutations of anyone of three genes called Ccm1, Ccm 2 and Ccm 3. Open skull surgery is the only possible therapy since effective medical treatments are still missing. In mouse models of CCM and human patient",{"id":547,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":548,"piName":10,"institution":549,"country":60,"year":13,"amount":550,"abstract":551},"cordis-european-research-council-award-741734","Four experiments in Topological Superconductivity.","JULIUS-MAXIMILIANS-UNIVERSITAT WURZBURG","€2,497,567","Topological materials have developed rapidly in recent years, with my previous ERC-AG project 3-TOP playing a major role in this development. While so far no bulk topological superconductor has been unambiguously demonstrated, their properties can be studied in a very flexible manner by inducing superconductivity through the proximity effect into the surface or edge states of a topological insulator. In 4-TOPS we will explore the possibilities of this approach in full, and conduct a thorough stu",{"id":553,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":554,"piName":10,"institution":555,"country":389,"year":13,"amount":556,"abstract":557},"cordis-european-research-council-award-742927","Ancestral environmental exposures and offspring health – a multigenerational epidemiologic cohort study across 3 generations","TURUN YLIOPISTO","€2,498,606","MULTIEPIGEN seeks to solve does ancestral exposure to various stressors transmit to offspring via epigenetic mechanisms. Thus far animal models have indicated that exposure to certain stressors can lead to phenotypic changes not only in the predisposed individuals, but also in the future generations, such that individuals can acquire phenotypes caused by exposures of their ancestors. Such effects do not involve new DNA mutations, but are transmitted to offspring via epigenetic mechanisms such as",{"id":559,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":560,"piName":10,"institution":561,"country":92,"year":13,"amount":178,"abstract":562},"cordis-european-research-council-award-694120","Artificial endosymbiosis","TECHNISCHE UNIVERSITEIT EINDHOVEN","Living organisms have acquired new functionalities by uptake and integration of species to create symbiotic life-forms. This process of endosymbiosis has intrigued scientists over the years, albeit mostly from an evolution biology perspective. With the advance of chemical and synthetic biology, our ability to create molecular-life-like systems has increased tremendously, which enables us to build cell and organelle-like structures. However, these advances have not been taken to a level to study ",{"id":564,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":565,"piName":10,"institution":566,"country":567,"year":13,"amount":568,"abstract":569},"cordis-european-research-council-award-742683","Post-war trasistions in gendered perspective: the case of the North-Eastern Adricatic Region","UNIVERZA V LJUBLJANI","SI","€2,266,067","The EIRENE project’s purpose is to think afresh 20th-century post-war transitions by taking into account a gendered perspective. Namely, the historiographic consideration of gender thoroughly alters the understanding of social dynamics in multi-ethnic areas during the post-war transitions. They will be observed in the North-Eastern Adriatic region, an overlooked European space, marked by border redefinitions, changes of political systems, and high interethnic conflict intensity, but also by genu",{"id":571,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":572,"piName":10,"institution":59,"country":60,"year":13,"amount":573,"abstract":574},"cordis-european-research-council-award-740329","Exosome and ribosome coupling","€2,004,375","To date, mechanistic studies on the macromolecular complexes that synthesize or degrade RNAs or proteins have investigated these machines individually to understand how they execute different steps in the gene expression process. Although the individual complexes catalyze their reactions independently of each other in vitro, increasing evidence suggests that they function in a highly coordinated manner in vivo. The molecular basis for such a coordination remains largely unknown. During the past ",{"id":576,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":577,"piName":10,"institution":395,"country":260,"year":13,"amount":578,"abstract":579},"cordis-european-research-council-award-743121","Cold Ion Chemistry - Experiments within a Rydberg Orbit","€2,130,088","To date no experiment has investigated ion-molecule reactions at temperatures significantly below about 20 K, for two reasons: (i) Cooling the translational and internal degrees of freedom of ions and molecules is extremely challenging. (ii) Even very weak stray electric fields accelerate the ions. A potential difference of only 1 mV across the reaction volume imparts a kinetic energy of 1 meV to ions, which corresponds to a temperature of about 12 K. Quantum mechanical effects arising from the ",{"id":581,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":582,"piName":10,"institution":583,"country":60,"year":13,"amount":178,"abstract":584},"cordis-european-research-council-award-742720","Dissecting and targeting ubiquitin networks in the course of bacterial infections","JOHANN WOLFGANG GOETHE-UNIVERSITAET FRANKFURT AM MAIN","Ubiquitination represents one of the most versatile post-translational modifications in eukaryotes and is involved in regulation of numerous cellular processes. Despite prokaryotes lacking this system, facultative intracellular bacteria like Salmonella, Shigella and Legionella have evolved multiple strategies to manipulate the host ubiquitin (Ub) system to their own benefit. This proposal is focussed on gaining a fundamental understanding of the Ub system in the course of bacterial infections. W",{"id":586,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":587,"piName":10,"institution":588,"country":589,"year":13,"amount":10,"abstract":590},"cordis-european-research-council-award-740491","Decomposition of pain into celltypes","KAROLINSKA INSTITUTET","SE","Almost 20% of the population has an ongoing pain problem. Pain is caused by a complex recruitment of different types of sensory neurons with different response-profiles and hence, the integrated response of an assembly of different neuronal types results in pain. Due to technical limitations, a system-wide approach to resolve the complexity of cell types and their involvement in the development of pain has yet not been tried.PainCells will first identify and classify sensory neuron types by sing",{"id":592,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":593,"piName":10,"institution":594,"country":60,"year":13,"amount":595,"abstract":596},"cordis-european-research-council-award-694236","Cell division and the origin of embryonic aneuploidy in preimplantation mouse development","EUROPEAN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LABORATORY","€2,497,156","Cell division is fundamental for development. In the early mammalian embryo it drives the rapid proliferation of totipotent cells, the basis for forming the fetus. Given its crucial importance, it is surprising that cell division is particularly error-prone at the beginning of mammalian life, resulting in spontaneous abortion or severe developmental retardation, the incidence of which is increasing with age of the mother. Why aneuploidy is so prevalent and how early embryonic development neverth",{"id":598,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":599,"piName":10,"institution":600,"country":260,"year":13,"amount":601,"abstract":602},"cordis-european-research-council-award-741520","Locus Ludi: The Cultural Fabric of Play and Games in Classical Antiquity","UNIVERSITE DE FRIBOURG","€2,495,930","Play and games were ubiquitous in antiquity, among free men and slaves, men and women, adults and children, in town and country. Even gods played. Ludic culture created communities from early childhood to a ripe old age. Did these groups play together, or did they play different games, with distinct rules? And did they play similar games to us? This interdisciplinary project will provide the first comprehensive study of the evidence. Written, archaeological and iconographic sources are abundant,",{"id":604,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":605,"piName":10,"institution":314,"country":53,"year":13,"amount":606,"abstract":607},"cordis-european-research-council-award-742222","Photonically fused molecular materials","€2,447,699","Molecular materials are ubiquitous, encompassing smart phone displays, plastic electronics and the molecular machinery of photosynthesis. Many of these remarkable uses depend on interactions between the molecules. Until now these interactions have been electric in character, and have been dictated by how electric charge is distributed over the molecules. PHOTMAT will transform the world of molecular materials by adding a new ingredient – photons. I will fuse photons and molecules together to cre",{"id":609,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":610,"piName":10,"institution":611,"country":260,"year":13,"amount":178,"abstract":612},"cordis-european-research-council-award-742870","Recurrent Neural Networks and Related Machines That Learn Algorithms","UNIVERSITA DELLA SVIZZERA ITALIANA","Recurrent neural networks (RNNs) are general parallel-sequential computers. Some learn their programs or weights. Our supervised Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) RNNs were the first to win pattern recognition contests, and recently enabled best known results in speech and handwriting recognition, machine translation, etc. They are now available to billions of users through the world's most valuable public companies including Google and Apple. Nevertheless, in lots of real-world tasks RNNs do not ye",{"id":614,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":615,"piName":10,"institution":616,"country":589,"year":13,"amount":617,"abstract":618},"cordis-european-research-council-award-742733","Wood Nanotechnology for Multifunctional Structures","KUNGLIGA TEKNISKA HOEGSKOLAN","€2,461,947","Materials tend to be either structural or functional. Here focus is on biobased composites combining both aspects, using nanostructured wood templates. Wood is the most widely used biobased material for load-bearing structures, but the range of achievable properties and functions can still be increased. The objective is to develop scalable nanotechnology for wood structures, utilizing its nanocellulosic skeleton. Processing and materials design concepts are developed in the form of a wood nanote",{"id":620,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":621,"piName":10,"institution":395,"country":260,"year":13,"amount":622,"abstract":623},"cordis-european-research-council-award-742739","Tailored chemical complexity through evolution-inspired synthetic biology","€2,495,755","Creating true molecular complexity in a modular, combinatorial fashion is one of the great visions in applied enzymology and chemistry. Nature achieves this feat by using modular biosynthetic enzymes. These microbial proteins generate many of the most important natural products of therapeutic value, including antiinfective, anticancer, and immunosuppressive agents. To construct such compounds, each enzyme module incorporates and often modifies one building block in an assembly line-like process.",{"id":625,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":626,"piName":10,"institution":627,"country":266,"year":13,"amount":628,"abstract":629},"cordis-european-research-council-award-695642","Cerebral Organoids: Using stem cell derived 3D cultures to understand human brain development and neurological disorders","INSTITUT FUER MOLEKULARE BIOTECHNOLOGIE GMBH","€2,800,000","Most of our knowledge on human development and physiology is derived from experiments done in animal models. While these experiments have led to a comprehensive understanding of the principles of neurogenesis, animal models often fall short of modelling many of the most common neurological disorders. Recent experiments have revealed characteristic striking differences in brain development between rodents and primates and may provide an explanation for this problem.The goal of this proposal is to",{"id":631,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":632,"piName":10,"institution":633,"country":389,"year":13,"amount":634,"abstract":635},"cordis-european-research-council-award-743155","Translational implications of the discovery of brain-draining lymphatics","HELSINGIN YLIOPISTO","€2,420,429","In 2010, 800 billion Euros was spent on brain diseases in Europe and the cost is expected to increase due to the aging population. – Here I propose to exploit our new discovery for research to alleviate this disease burden. In work selected by Nature Medicine among the top 10 ”Notable Advances” and by Science as one of the 10 ”Breakthroughs of the year” 2015, we discovered a meningeal lymphatic vascular system that serves brain homeostasis. We want to reassess current concepts about cerebrovascu",{"id":637,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":638,"piName":10,"institution":639,"country":92,"year":13,"amount":640,"abstract":641},"cordis-european-research-council-award-694466","Genomics of Chromosome Architecture and Dynamics in Single Cells","STICHTING HET NEDERLANDS KANKER INSTITUUT-ANTONI VAN LEEUWENHOEK ZIEKENHUIS","€2,497,125","The spatial architecture of mammalian interphase chromosomes, each consisting of tens of megabases of DNA, poses an intriguing topological problem and is relevant for various nuclear functions. A major challenge is that chromosome architecture exhibits substantial stochastic cell-to-cell variation. To unravel the principles of chromosome organization, new single-cell genome-wide approaches that capture the intrinsic variability are needed.Interphase chromosomes interact extensively with relative",{"id":643,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":644,"piName":10,"institution":645,"country":27,"year":13,"amount":10,"abstract":646},"cordis-european-research-council-award-741273","Detection, simulation, modelling and loading of thunderstorm outflows to design wind-safer and cost-efficient structures","UNIVERSITA DEGLI STUDI DI GENOVA","Wind actions are crucial for the safety and cost of structures.The wind climate of Europe and many parts of the world is dominated by synoptic extra-tropical cyclones and mesoscale thunderstorm outflows. Thunderstorms are frequent events causing wind speeds often higher than cyclones.In spite of an impressive amount of research, there is not yet a model for thunderstorm outflows and their actions on structures like that for cyclones. Thus, thunderstorm actions on structures are still determined ",{"id":648,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":649,"piName":10,"institution":650,"country":92,"year":13,"amount":651,"abstract":652},"cordis-european-research-council-award-743032","Dynamics of Probed, Pulsed, Quenched and Driven Integrable Quantum Systems","UNIVERSITEIT VAN AMSTERDAM","€2,444,446","This proposal intends to develop and apply a new-generation theoretical toolbox for understanding the rich dynamics of strongly-interacting many-body quantum sytems subjected to destabilizing manipulations bringing them very far from equilibrium. In atomic systems, condensed matter and nanophysics settings, quantum matter is nowadays routinely pushed beyond the traditional low-energy\u002Flinear response\u002Fthermal equilibrium paradigms. Some experiments even clearly highlight the need to revise basic f",{"id":654,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":655,"piName":10,"institution":365,"country":72,"year":13,"amount":10,"abstract":656},"cordis-european-research-council-award-741360","The emergence of Modern Hebrew as a case-study of linguistic discontinuity","The pioneering enterprise I propose is the study of a particular type of linguistic discontinuity –  language revival – inspired by the revival of Hebrew at the end of the 19th century. The historical and sociocultural dimensions the revival have been studied before, but not its linguistic dimensions. My main aim is to construct a model of the linguistic factors which have shaped the revival of Hebrew. I expect this model to provide clues for the understanding of the process of language revival ",{"id":658,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":659,"piName":10,"institution":290,"country":53,"year":13,"amount":660,"abstract":661},"cordis-european-research-council-award-740311","f-block hydrocarbon interactions: exploration; exploitation","€2,456,120","Understanding, controlling, and predicting the subtle interactions that hydrocarbons form with metals is a major challenge in molecular science, and a key technology enabler in areas such as homogeneous catalysis, drug recognition, polymer properties, and metal recovery. For the f-block, it is important due to the urgent need for clean access to critical elements such as neodymium, and the safe handling of nuclear waste. However, technical challenges of paramagnetism, radiotoxicity, and relativi",{"id":663,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":664,"piName":10,"institution":59,"country":60,"year":13,"amount":665,"abstract":666},"cordis-european-research-council-award-742068","Topological Materials: New Fermions, Realization of Single Crystals and their Physical Properties","€2,070,000","The topologies of the electronic and magnetic structure in reciprocal and real space underlies much of condensed matter physics. Moreover, the properties of single crystals with particular topological electronic structures can mimic phenomena found in high energy physics and cosmology. New classes of quantum materials are found in insulators and semimetals that exhibit non-trivial topologies: they display a plethora of novel phenomena including: topological surface states; new Fermions such as W",{"id":668,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":669,"piName":10,"institution":670,"country":53,"year":13,"amount":671,"abstract":672},"cordis-european-research-council-award-740611","Civil Law, Common Law, Customary Law: Consonance, Divergence and Transformation in Western Europe from the late eleventh to the thirteenth centuries","THE UNIVERSITY COURT OF THE UNIVERSITY OF ST ANDREWS","€2,161,502","A highly significant division in present-day Europe is between two types of legal system: the Continental with foundations in Civil Law (law with an ultimately Roman law basis), and English Common Law. Both trace their continuous history back to the twelfth century. The present project re-evaluates this vital period in legal history, by comparing not just English Common Law and Continental Civil Law (or “Ius commune”), but also the customary laws crucially important in Continental Europe even be",{"id":674,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":675,"piName":10,"institution":676,"country":260,"year":13,"amount":677,"abstract":678},"cordis-european-research-council-award-741491","Resilience in ant societies","UNIVERSITE DE LAUSANNE","€2,499,969","Complex systems are found at all levels of biological organisation, from molecules to ecosystems. Despite the huge differences in scale, each of them has evolved homeostatic processes conferring resilience to external perturbations. Ants provide an ideal system to identify behavioural responses allowing biological systems to recover from disturbance. The overall aim of this proposal is to identify the collective mechanisms responsible for this resilience. This will be achieved by conducting both",{"id":680,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":681,"piName":10,"institution":71,"country":72,"year":13,"amount":682,"abstract":683},"cordis-european-research-council-award-740469","Towards evidence-based combinations of approved and novel cancer drugs","€2,488,306","Background: Molecular targeted therapy (TT; e.g., monoclonal antibodies, mAbs, and protein kinase inhibitors, PKIs) intercepts oncogene and other addictions of tumours. However, unlike chemotherapy, which employs cocktails of drugs, only rarely does TT harness poly-pharmacology. Because lung cancer is the major cause of oncology related fatalities and many driver mutations are known, this disease offers opportunities for establishing and generalizing novel TT combinations and their interface wit",{"id":685,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":686,"piName":10,"institution":687,"country":72,"year":13,"amount":688,"abstract":689},"cordis-european-research-council-award-742754","New Techniques for Secure Computation","TECHNION - ISRAEL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY","€1,903,833","Secure computation is a general-purpose tool for processing sensitive data without compromising itsconfidentiality or integrity. In recent years, significant research efforts have been invested in optimizingand implementing secure computation protocols and related cryptographic primitives such as fullyhomomorphic encryption and program obfuscation.The proposed project will explore new techniques for secure computation and related primitives.The new techniques are expected to enhance the asymptot",{"id":691,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":692,"piName":10,"institution":693,"country":266,"year":13,"amount":694,"abstract":695},"cordis-european-research-council-award-742432","Understanding cancer development in BRCA 1\u002F2 mutation carriers for improved Early detection and Risk Control","UNIVERSITAET INNSBRUCK","€2,497,841","Recent evidence demonstrates that cancer is overtaking cardiovascular disease as the number one cause of mortality in Europe. This is largely due to the lack of preventative measures for common (e.g. breast) or highly fatal (e.g. ovarian) human cancers. Most cancers are multifactorial in origin. The core hypothesis of this research programme is that the extremely high risk of BRCA1\u002F2 germline mutation carriers to develop breast and ovarian cancer is a net consequence of cell-autonomous (direct e",{"id":697,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":698,"piName":10,"institution":699,"country":60,"year":13,"amount":538,"abstract":700},"cordis-european-research-council-award-742545","Wide Incremental learning with Discrimination nEtworks","EBERHARD KARLS UNIVERSITAET TUEBINGEN","Although homo sapiens has been endowed with language for over 50,000 years, the invention of alphabet-like scripts 3,000 years ago dominates Western linguistic thinking. Training in literacy starts in early childhood, and because of this, words and letter-like sound units can naturally seem to be the building blocks of language. The Chinese writing system highlights the cultural-specificity of this approach: characters are juxtaposed without intervening spaces, and their interpretation is highly",{"id":702,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":703,"piName":10,"institution":704,"country":27,"year":13,"amount":705,"abstract":706},"cordis-european-research-council-award-694323","Gene therapy of inherited retinal diseases","FONDAZIONE TELETHON ETS","€2,499,564","Inherited retinal degenerations (IRDs) are a major cause of blindness worldwide. IRD patients witness inexorable progressive vision loss as no therapy is currently available. In the last decade my group has significantly contributed to a change of this scenario by developing efficient adeno-associated viral (AAV) vectors for retinal gene therapy that are safe and effective in humans. The objective of EYEGET (EYE GEne Therapy) is to overcome some of the current major limitations in the field of r",{"id":708,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":709,"piName":10,"institution":710,"country":266,"year":13,"amount":10,"abstract":711},"cordis-european-research-council-award-740922","The Normative and Moral Foundations of Group Agency","UNIVERSITAT WIEN","Though philosophers have debated intensely the issue of group agency in the last years, little scholarly work has yet been done on the normative constitution of group agents. The present project will fill this lacuna in a groundbreaking way. A philosophical analysis of the constitutive conditions of individual and collective agency will be combined with recent research in moral philosophy, legal theory and economic theory on the organisational structure of institutional agency. The first aim of ",{"id":713,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":714,"piName":10,"institution":715,"country":53,"year":13,"amount":716,"abstract":717},"cordis-european-research-council-award-742987","Biocatalytic Amine Synthesis via Hydrogen Borrowing","THE UNIVERSITY OF MANCHESTER","€2,337,548","Amine containing compounds are ubiquitous in everyday life and find applications ranging from polymers to pharmaceuticals. The vast majority of amines are synthetic and manufactured on large scale which creates waste as well as requiring high temperatures and pressures. The increasing availability of biocatalysts, together with an understanding of how they can be used in organic synthesis (biocatalytic retrosynthesis), has stimulated chemists to consider new ways of making target molecules. In t",{"id":719,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":720,"piName":10,"institution":721,"country":12,"year":13,"amount":183,"abstract":722},"cordis-european-research-council-award-695566","Novel therapeutic strategies to treat pancreatic and lung cancer","FUNDACION SECTOR PUBLICO ESTATAL CENTRO NACIONAL INVESTIGACIONES ONCOLOGICAS CARLOS III","This proposal is aimed at identifying and functionally validating targets with potential therapeutic value to devise novel strategies to treat two human cancers with unacceptable low survival rates and unmet medical needs: pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma and K-RAS mutant lung adenocarcinoma. Although these tumor types have distinct pathological and clinical manifestations, they are both driven by K-RAS mutations. Hence, we expect that the proposed studies will generate synergies to accelerate t",{"id":724,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":725,"piName":10,"institution":726,"country":12,"year":13,"amount":727,"abstract":728},"cordis-european-research-council-award-692876","Nanotube Mechanical Resonator, Spin, and Superfluidity","FUNDACIO INSTITUT DE CIENCIES FOTONIQUES","€2,503,459","Mechanical resonators based on carbon nanotubes are truly exceptional sensors of mass and force. In the last years, my group revealed these outstanding figures of merit of nanotube resonators. Here, the project NaTuRe will take advantage of these sensing capabilities to study physical phenomena in fascinating regimes that have not been explored thus far. Specifically, I will address three directions with major scientific interests:1- I propose to perform electron spin resonance (ESR) measurement",{"id":730,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":731,"piName":10,"institution":732,"country":733,"year":13,"amount":734,"abstract":735},"cordis-european-research-council-award-742654","Single-cell temporal tracking of epigenetic DNA marks","VILNIAUS UNIVERSITETAS","LT","€2,499,875","Over the past decade, epigenetic phenomena have taken centre stage in our understanding of gene regulation, cellular differentiation and human disease. DNA methylation is a prevalent epigenetic modification in mammals, which is brought about by enzymatic transfer of methyl groups from the S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) cofactor by three known DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs). The most dramatic epigenomic reprogramming in mammalian development occurs after fertilization, whereby a global loss of DNA me",{"id":737,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":738,"piName":10,"institution":254,"country":92,"year":13,"amount":10,"abstract":739},"cordis-european-research-council-award-740788","Intergroup toleration: It’s Nature, Processes, and Consequences for Culturally Diverse Societies","Increasingly our societies are becoming more diverse and how to live with this diversity is one of the most pressing questions of our time. In Europe, intergroup tolerance has been proposed as a key aspect of living harmoniously and productively with diversity; it is critical because objection and disagreement about what is good and right are inevitable. A diverse, egalitarian, and peaceful society does not require that we all like each other, but it does require that people at least tolerate on",{"id":741,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":742,"piName":10,"institution":588,"country":589,"year":13,"amount":10,"abstract":743},"cordis-european-research-council-award-743225","A Functional, Mature In vivo Human Ventricular Muscle Patch for Cardiomyopathy","Developing new therapeutic strategies for heart regeneration is a major goal for cardiac biology and medicine. While cardiomyocytes can be generated from human pluripotent stem (hPSC) cells in vitro, it has proven difficult to use these cells to generate a large scale, mature human heart ventricular muscle graft on the injured heart in vivo. The central objective of this proposal is to optimize the generation of a large-scale pure, fully functional human ventricular muscle patch in vivo through ",{"id":745,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":746,"piName":10,"institution":747,"country":60,"year":13,"amount":748,"abstract":749},"cordis-european-research-council-award-742645","Beyond the Silk Road: Economic Development, Frontier Zones and Inter-Imperiality in the Afro-Eurasian World Region, 300 BCE to 300 CE","ALBERT-LUDWIGS-UNIVERSITAET FREIBURG","€2,498,750","This interdisciplinary project will show that inter-imperial zones and small to mid-size regional networks of exchange were crucial for ancient Transeurasian exchange connections. It will demonstrate the significance of exchange in imperial frontier zones emerging from political, economic, infrastructural, institutional and technological development within empires. This will lead to a new conceptual frame for analyzing inter-imperiality and the morphology of exchange networks within and across i",{"id":751,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":752,"piName":10,"institution":337,"country":92,"year":13,"amount":753,"abstract":754},"cordis-european-research-council-award-740295","Encoding information into polymers","€2,498,076","The amount of information trafficking internet nowadays is enormous and will increase further in the near future. It can be expected that in the next decennia the current technologies to store and process data will no longer suffice and that other strategies to handle information have to be developed. One approach is to explore chemical routes, which nature has also followed during evolution: our brain can store and handle very large amounts of data and process them in a way silicon-based comput",{"id":756,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":757,"piName":10,"institution":279,"country":60,"year":13,"amount":758,"abstract":759},"cordis-european-research-council-award-742290","Clonal Deletion versus Clonal Diversion: Footprints of Self-Tolerance in the T Cell Repertoire","€2,414,500","Self-tolerance is a key feature of the immune system; its failure causes autoimmune diseases such as Multiple Sclerosis or Type-1-Diabetes. Remarkably, T cell tolerance operates via two fundamentally different mechanisms: potentially dangerous cells are either eliminated (clonal deletion) or re-programmed to differentiate into regulatory T (Treg) cells (clonal diversion). Paradoxically, both tolerance modes can ensue from self-antigen-encounter in the thymus, and the parameters specifying these ",{"id":761,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":762,"piName":10,"institution":763,"country":764,"year":13,"amount":765,"abstract":766},"cordis-european-research-council-award-742648","Actively Enhanced Cognition based Framework for Design of Complex Systems","UNIVERSITE DU LUXEMBOURG","LU","€2,499,595","Parameterized mathematical models have been central to the understanding and design of communication, networking, and radar systems. However, they often lack the ability to model intricate interactions innate in complex systems. On the other hand, data-driven approaches do not need explicit mathematical models for data generation and have a wider applicability at the cost of flexibility. These approaches need labelled data, representing all the facets of the system interaction with the environme",{"id":768,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":769,"piName":10,"institution":495,"country":260,"year":13,"amount":770,"abstract":771},"cordis-european-research-council-award-740272","Drivers of Growth in Bank Lending and Financial Crises","€2,103,440","Banking crises are thought to be recurrent phenomena that generally come on the heels of strong credit growth. Their damaging real effects have generated a broad agreement among academics and policymakers that financial regulation needs to tighten and to obtain a macroprudential dimension that aims to lessen the negative externalities from the financial to the macro real sector.Among the main ingredients that are often mentioned to have played a role in the explosive growth of credit in the run-",{"id":773,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":774,"piName":10,"institution":775,"country":20,"year":13,"amount":776,"abstract":777},"cordis-european-research-council-award-740943","Brownian geometry: at the interface between probability theory, combinatorics and mathematical physics.","UNIVERSITE PARIS-SACLAY","€1,263,607","The main purpose of this proposal is to explore the canonical models of planar random geometry that have been introduced in the recent years. We call this theory Brownian geometry because one of the central objects, the Brownian map, arises as the universal scaling limit of many  discrete models of large random graphs embedded in the plane, in a way very similar to Brownian motion, which is the continuous limit of many different classes of random paths. The preceding scaling limit holds for the ",{"id":779,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":780,"piName":10,"institution":432,"country":92,"year":13,"amount":10,"abstract":781},"cordis-european-research-council-award-741774","Systems Chemistry: Steps Towards De-Novo Life","Can we synthesise life de-novo in the lab? This is one of the Grand Challenges of contemporary Science. Overall objective of this project is to set important steps in turning chemistry into biology by building fully synthetic chemical systems that contain and integrate some of the essential elements of life: replication, metabolism and compartmentalisation. Functional coupling of any of life’s essential elements has not been achieved, at least not without making use of biomolecules. We now aim t",{"id":783,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":784,"piName":10,"institution":395,"country":260,"year":13,"amount":785,"abstract":786},"cordis-european-research-council-award-741431","Nanoscale Vibrational Spectroscopy of Sensitive 2D Molecular Materials","€2,311,696","I propose to investigate the nanometer scale organization of delicate 2-dimensional molecular materials using nanoscale vibrational spectroscopy. 2D structures are of great scientific and technological importance, for example as novel materials (graphene, MoS2, WS2, etc.), and in the form of biological membranes and synthetic 2D-polymers. Powerful methods for their analysis and imaging with molecular selectivity and sufficient spatial resolution, however, are lacking. Tip-enhanced Raman spectros",{"id":788,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":789,"piName":10,"institution":633,"country":389,"year":13,"amount":178,"abstract":790},"cordis-european-research-council-award-742206","Atmospheric Gas-to-Particle conversion","Atmospheric Gas-to-Particle conversion (ATM-GTP) is a 5-year project focusing on one of the most critical atmospheric processes relevant to global climate and air quality: the first steps of atmospheric aerosol particle formation and growth. The project will concentrate on the currently lacking environmentally-specific knowledge about the interacting, non-linear, physical and chemical atmospheric processes associated with nano-scale gas-to-particle conversion (GTP). The main scientific objective",{"id":792,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":793,"piName":10,"institution":676,"country":260,"year":13,"amount":178,"abstract":794},"cordis-european-research-council-award-743312","Writing, reading and managing stress with H3K9me","Epigenetic inheritance is the transmission of information, generally in the form of DNA methylation or post-translational modifications on histones that regulate the availability of underlying genetic information for transcription. RNA itself feeds back to contribute to histone modification. Sequence accessibility is both a matter of folding the chromatin fibre to alter access to recognition motifs, and the local concentration of factors needed for efficient transcriptional initiation, elongatio",{"id":796,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":797,"piName":10,"institution":693,"country":266,"year":13,"amount":10,"abstract":798},"cordis-european-research-council-award-741374","Nova Scientia. Early Modern Scientific Literature and Latin","Fundamental changes occurred in the study of nature between the late 15th and 18th centuries, leading to the emergence of modern science as we know it. This process would have been impossible without Latin as the scientific lingua franca of the era, just as today's science is hard to imagine without English. At present, this crucial role of Latin is insufficiently acknowledged, and the hundreds of thousands of scientific texts written in Latin have largely remained neglected. This severely limit",{"id":800,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":801,"piName":10,"institution":802,"country":589,"year":13,"amount":803,"abstract":804},"cordis-european-research-council-award-741298","Hunting for the elusive “sixth” sense: navigation and magnetic sensation in a nocturnal migratory moth","LUNDS UNIVERSITET","€2,498,625","Many animals – including birds, sea turtles and insects – perform spectacular long-distance migrations across the surface of the Earth. Remarkably some, like birds, can accurately migrate between highly specific locations thousands of kilometres apart, a navigational feat that requires an external compass cue and a robust sensory system to detect it. The Earth’s magnetic field is one such compass cue. But exactly how the magnetic field is sensed, and which receptor cells are involved, remains a ",{"id":806,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":807,"piName":10,"institution":395,"country":260,"year":13,"amount":178,"abstract":808},"cordis-european-research-council-award-741883","In Vivo Single-Cell Mechanomics of Bone Adaptation and Regeneration in the Aging Mouse","Osteoporosis, one of the most prevalent degenerative diseases, is characterized by a reduction in bone mass and increased fracture risk and has been partly attributed to the decrease in mechanical usage of the skeleton. A detailed understanding of the molecular mechanisms governing load-regulated bone remodeling could therefore lead to the identification of molecular targets for the development of novel therapies. Bone remodeling is a multiscale process mediated through complex interactions betw",{"id":810,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":811,"piName":10,"institution":59,"country":60,"year":13,"amount":10,"abstract":812},"cordis-european-research-council-award-742422","Probing chemical dynamics at surfaces with ultrafast atom pulses","Ultra-short light pulses have become invaluable in time-resolved studies in chemistry and physics. But many important processes are initiated by collisions. While lasers have revolutionized experiments using light pulses, experimentally proven concepts for producing ultra-short pulses of neutral matter are still in their infancy. Hence, our ability to control when a collision occurs is still extremely limited. Recently, we have reported bunch-compression photolysis, the first demonstrated method",{"id":814,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":815,"piName":10,"institution":365,"country":72,"year":13,"amount":816,"abstract":817},"cordis-european-research-council-award-740282","Complexity and Simplicity in Economic Mechanisms","€2,026,706","As more and more economic activity is moving to the Internet, familiar economic mechanisms are being deployed at unprecedented scales of size, speed, and complexity.  In many cases this new complexity becomes the defining feature of the deployed economic mechanism and the quantitative difference becomes a key qualitative one.  A well-studied example of such situations is how the humble single-item auction suddenly becomes a billion-times repeated online ad auction, or even becomes a combinatoria",{"id":819,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":820,"piName":10,"institution":59,"country":60,"year":13,"amount":178,"abstract":821},"cordis-european-research-council-award-741989","Developing Geroprotectors to Prevent Polymorbidity","Advancing age is the major risk factor for disability and illness, including cardiovascular, metabolic and neu-rodegenerative disease and cancer. The increasing incidence of older people in European countries is posing major medical, social and economic challenges, and there is an urgent need to find ways of compressing late-life morbidity. Ageing has proved malleable to genetic and pharmacological interventions in laboratory animals, and at least some of the mechanisms are conserved over large ",{"id":823,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":824,"piName":10,"institution":825,"country":589,"year":13,"amount":826,"abstract":827},"cordis-european-research-council-award-743080","Earth Resilience in the Anthropocene (ERA) Integrating non-linear biophysical and social determinants of Earth-system stability for global sustainability through a novel community modelling platform","STOCKHOLMS UNIVERSITET","€2,492,834","In 2015, the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and the Paris Agreement on climate recognised the deteriorating resilience of the Earth system in the Anthropocene. Maintaining Earth in the interglacial state that enabled the world’s societies to evolve over the past 12,000 years will require industrialised societies to embark on global-scale social transformations. Otherwise, there is a real risk of crossing tipping points in the Earth system triggering abrupt and irreversible changes. A cr",{"id":829,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":830,"piName":10,"institution":831,"country":60,"year":13,"amount":832,"abstract":833},"cordis-european-research-council-award-741215","Inpainting-based Compression of Visual Data","UNIVERSITAT DES SAARLANDES","€2,460,000","Generating huge amounts of visual data, be it images or videos, has never been easier than today. This creates a growing demand for lossy codecs (coders and decoders) that produce visually convincing results also for very high compression rates. Popular transform-based codecs such as JPEG and JPEG 2000 have reached a state where one cannot expect significant improvements anymore. To go beyond their limitations, fundamentally different ideas are needed.Inpainting-based codecs can change this situ",{"id":835,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":836,"piName":10,"institution":802,"country":589,"year":13,"amount":178,"abstract":837},"cordis-european-research-council-award-742646","Immunity in Ecology and Evolution: 'Hidden' costs of disease, immune function and their consequences for Darwinian fitness","Eco-immunology targets one of the great challenges in biology and medicine - how the immune system has evolved to optimize protection and minimize immunopathology (incl. autoimmune) costs. A primary target of my proposal is to study low-virulent pathogens causing mild infections, which for long have been considered harmless. Recent research suggests that this notion is false and that seemingly harmless pathogens entail delayed (‘hidden’) fitness costs. However, the mechanisms mediating these cos",{"id":839,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":840,"piName":10,"institution":841,"country":60,"year":13,"amount":842,"abstract":843},"cordis-european-research-council-award-741623","Photocatalytic Generation of CarbAnions for Organic Synthesis","UNIVERSITAET REGENSBURG","€2,458,200","Light is a fascinating reagent for chemistry as it provides energy to drive reactions, but leaves no trace. In visible light photoredox catalysis the initial electron transfer from the excited dye to a substrate yields radical anion or radical intermediates, which dominate the subsequent chemistry. Carbanions, which are the most important nucleophiles in organic chemistry, are typically not available from photocatalysis. The project PHAROS aims to overcome the current limitation of visible light",{"id":845,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":846,"piName":10,"institution":847,"country":260,"year":13,"amount":178,"abstract":848},"cordis-european-research-council-award-742195","DEVELOPMENT OF HEALTHY HOST-MICROBIAL MUTUALISM IN EARLY LIFE","UNIVERSITAET BERN","BackgroundHumans and other animals harbour enormous microbial consortia, especially in the lower intestine. My group has now shown that effects of the microbiota on host are far earlier and more pervasive than previously appreciated, starting even before birth from exposure to defined maternal microbial metabolites.ConceptThere is a critical window for development of immunity and metabolism in early life. This shapes infectious resistance, lymphocyte repertoire development and the likelihood of ",{"id":850,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":851,"piName":10,"institution":290,"country":53,"year":13,"amount":852,"abstract":853},"cordis-european-research-council-award-694212","An integrated approach to understanding the impact of de novo mutations on the mammalian genome","€2,499,331","Understanding the process of spontaneous mutation is fundamental for understanding the genetic basis of quantitative variation, the threat posed by declining population size in conservation biology and the distribution of nucleotide variation in the genome. I will address these and other unanswered questions concerning the evolutionary impact of spontaneous mutation using the house mouse as a model system. With the first, highly replicated mutation accumulation (MA) experiment in any vertebrate,",{"id":855,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":856,"piName":10,"institution":857,"country":260,"year":13,"amount":858,"abstract":859},"cordis-european-research-council-award-740634","The Paths of International Law: Stability and Change in the International Legal Order","FONDATION POUR L INSTITUT DE HAUTES ETUDES INTERNATIONALES ET DU DEVELOPPEMENT","€2,475,275","International law erects high hurdles for change – typically unanimity or a uniformity of practice of states – and this high threshold has provoked much criticism for hindering the pursuit of justice, the provision of public goods, and the democratic revision of political choices. Yet in different areas, such as international criminal law or the law of international organizations, international law has in recent times undergone more rapid change than the traditional picture would allow, and ofte",{"id":861,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":862,"piName":10,"institution":863,"country":27,"year":13,"amount":864,"abstract":865},"cordis-european-research-council-award-740230","Improving therapy of NPM1-mutated AML","UNIVERSITA DEGLI STUDI DI PERUGIA","€2,895,836","Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is the most common acute leukemia in adults accounting for approximately 15,000 new cases\u002Fyear in Europe and 20,000 new cases\u002Fyear in US. Currently, 40-50% of AML patients (age 18-60 years) and only 5-10% of older patients (who are usually more frequently affected by the disease) can be cured using conventional chemotherapy +\u002F- allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Thus, AML still remains an urgent medical need which calls for new forms of molecular tar",{"id":867,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":868,"piName":10,"institution":279,"country":60,"year":13,"amount":869,"abstract":870},"cordis-european-research-council-award-742289","Human interaction and the evolution of spoken accent","€2,499,333","If a group of people were stranded on a desert island with limited contact to outside communities for a period of time, then the group would develop its own characteristic way of speaking or spoken accent. A lack of suitable data as input to an evolutionary computational model has meant that we have but a poor understanding of how spoken accent emerges out of human interaction. Yet a breakthrough in this area is critical for explaining the various forces - including contact between individuals t",{"id":872,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":873,"piName":10,"institution":442,"country":53,"year":13,"amount":874,"abstract":875},"cordis-european-research-council-award-740235","Synthetic Cellularity via Protocell Design and Chemical Construction","€2,499,238","We propose to undertake an ambitious 5-year multidisciplinary programme that seeks to pioneer and establish a fundamentally new paradigm in protolife research that is based on novel conceptual and experimental advances in the design and construction of rudimentary forms of synthetic cell-like micro-ensembles (protocells). Our approach is positioned at the interface between materials chemistry, soft matter science and synthetic biology, and will address the following aspects of protocell design a",{"id":877,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":878,"piName":10,"institution":879,"country":249,"year":13,"amount":880,"abstract":881},"cordis-european-research-council-award-740618","The origin and early development of philosophy in tenth-century al-Andalus: the impact of ill-defined materials and channels of transmission.","UNIVERSITE CATHOLIQUE DE LOUVAIN","€2,495,335","The objective of PhilAnd is to conduct a large-scale exploration of how, and under which form, philosophy appeared for the first time in al-Andalus. This issue is pivotal to understanding the history of sciences and ideas, and the role of the Arab-Muslim world in this transfer to Medieval Europe. Its relevance today also lies in the fact that it addresses questions of cultural and religious identities, since the formative stage of philosophy in al-Andalus proved decisive in shaping the intellect",{"id":883,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":884,"piName":10,"institution":314,"country":53,"year":13,"amount":885,"abstract":886},"cordis-european-research-council-award-742472","Emergent Constraints on Climate-Land feedbacks in the Earth System","€2,249,834","The Land Biosphere is a critical component of the Earth System, linking to climate through multiple feedback processes. Understanding these feedback processes is a huge intellectual challenge. In part because of the pioneering work of the PI (Cox et al., 2000), many of the climate projections reported in the IPCC 5th Assessment Report (AR5) now include climate-carbon cycle feedbacks. However the latest Earth System Models (ESMs) continue to show a huge range in the projected responses of the lan",{"id":888,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":889,"piName":10,"institution":237,"country":53,"year":13,"amount":890,"abstract":891},"cordis-european-research-council-award-742224","WArm Climate Stability of the West Antarctic ice sheet in the last INterglacial (WACSWAIN)","€2,817,554","Recent papers predict the loss of most of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet (WAIS) by 2500 if CO2 emissions and rising global temperatures are not controlled. It is critical to test whether the models making such worrying predictions are realistic. I will do this by obtaining new data from the last interglacial (LIG, 130,000-115,000 years ago) to assess the response of the WAIS to comparable warmth. During the LIG, sea level reached 6-9 m higher than today. It is inferred that Antarctic ice sheets co",{"id":893,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":894,"piName":10,"institution":895,"country":53,"year":13,"amount":896,"abstract":897},"cordis-european-research-council-award-742288","Evolution of multicellularity and somatic cell specialization","UNIVERSITY OF DUNDEE","€2,128,602","The evolution of multicellularity allowed specialization of cells into functions that support rather than cause propagation. While yielding immense gain of function, the organisation of these somatic cells into tissues and organs required novel cell-cell signalling systems. We seek to identify the genetic changes that caused transitions to multicellularity and enabled cell specialization. We use genetically tractable Dictyostelia with multicellular structures that contain from 1 to 5 cell-types ",{"id":899,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":900,"piName":10,"institution":495,"country":260,"year":13,"amount":178,"abstract":901},"cordis-european-research-council-award-740426","GeoViSense: Towards a transdisciplinary human sensor science of human visuo-spatial decision making with geographic information displays","Well-designed mobile, human responsive geographic information technology could improve the lives of millions who daily need to make time critical and societally relevant decisions on the go. However, what are the basic processes with which humans make visuo-spatial decisions when guided by responsive geographic information displays? Visualization research todate has been driven by technical and computational advances to overcome data deluges, but we still have a poor understanding whether, how, ",{"id":903,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":904,"piName":10,"institution":905,"country":12,"year":13,"amount":906,"abstract":907},"cordis-european-research-council-award-742067","Deconstructing Ageing: from molecular mechanisms to intervention strategies","UNIVERSIDAD DE OVIEDO","€2,456,250","Over many years, our research group has explored the complex relationship between cancer and ageing. As part of this work, we have generated mouse models of protease deficiency which are protected from cancer but exhibit accelerated ageing. Further studies with these mice have allowed us to unveil novel mechanisms of both normal and pathological ageing, to discover two new human progeroid syndromes, and to develop therapies for the Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome, now in clinical trials. We",{"id":909,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":910,"piName":10,"institution":59,"country":60,"year":13,"amount":911,"abstract":912},"cordis-european-research-council-award-740209","Exceptional Quantum Gravity","€1,918,750","Motivated by the overwhelming success of symmetry concepts in formulating basic laws of physics, the present proposal (eQG) seeks to develop a new symmetry based approach to the problem of reconciling Quantum Mechanics and Einstein’s General Relativity into a consistent theory of Quantum Gravity, regarded by many as the greatest challenge of contemporary theoretical physics. The need for such a theory is most pressing for the resolution of black hole singularities and the Big Bang, but it is equ",{"id":914,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":915,"piName":10,"institution":916,"country":589,"year":13,"amount":10,"abstract":917},"cordis-european-research-council-award-741095","Patents as Scientific Information, 1895-2020","LINKOPINGS UNIVERSITET","“History will remember Barack Obama as the great Slayer of Patent Trolls.” The headline from the 2014 March 20 issue of Wired credits POTUS with, perhaps, an unexpected feat. Referring to companies in the sole business of enforcing patents beyond their actual value, trolls are a recent installment in the history of an intellectual property whose ubiquitousness the Latin word PASSIM (“here and there, everywhere”) neatly captures. In the eye of the storm stands the patent bargain: disclosure of in",{"id":919,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":920,"piName":10,"institution":921,"country":60,"year":13,"amount":922,"abstract":923},"cordis-european-research-council-award-741350","What Holds Cancer Cells Back?","UNIVERSITAET LEIPZIG","€2,379,250","Since decades the bulk of cancer research focusses on the genetic and molecular level. To complement this knowledge, I will focus on the collective behaviour of cancer cells in cell clusters and in the extracellular matrix (ECM).Conventional cancer research tackles issues like genetic changes, signalling pathways or intracellular mechanisms, I want to answer the question: When is a cancer cell jammed or when can it overcome the yield stress to actively “flow” in a dense microenvironment (ME)? I ",{"id":925,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":926,"piName":10,"institution":237,"country":53,"year":13,"amount":10,"abstract":927},"cordis-european-research-council-award-742210","Visualising transport dynamics of transmembrane pumps","The project will investigate multi-component molecular machines that drive substrates across the cell envelope of bacteria. Some of the machines pump antibiotics or toxins, and so contribute to drug resistance and virulence in pathogenic strains. Questions that will be addressed include what the molecular pumps look like, how they are assembled and regulated, how they capture and translocate substrates, and the stereochemical basis for the cooperative switching of substrate-binding states. Molec",{"id":929,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":930,"piName":10,"institution":59,"country":60,"year":13,"amount":931,"abstract":932},"cordis-european-research-council-award-743216","Specialized Ribosomes for Neuronal Protein Synthesis","€2,348,483","The ability of the nervous system to respond adaptively relies on modifications to existing proteins as well as changes in gene transcription and mRNA translation. It is now clear that synapses possess the capacity for local protein synthesis, owing to the localization of ribosomes and mRNAs within dendrites. There is emerging interest in the possibility that ribosomes, as cellular machines, are not as static as typically assumed- and may be heterogeneous in composition and specialized for parti",{"id":934,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":935,"piName":10,"institution":936,"country":53,"year":13,"amount":937,"abstract":938},"cordis-european-research-council-award-743165","Retooling plant immunity for resistance to blast fungi","THE SAINSBURY LABORATORY","€2,491,893","Plant NLR-type immune receptors tend to have a narrow spectrum of pathogen recognition, which is currently limiting their value in agriculture. NLRs can recognize pathogen effectors through unconventional domains that have evolved by duplication of an effector target followed by fusion into the NLR. One NLR with an integrated domain is the rice resistance protein Pik-1, which binds an effector of the blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae via its Heavy-Metal Associated (HMA) domain. We solved the cryst",{"id":940,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":941,"piName":10,"institution":942,"country":27,"year":13,"amount":943,"abstract":944},"cordis-european-research-council-award-742671","Autonomous Robotic Surgery","UNIVERSITA DEGLI STUDI DI VERONA","€2,750,000","The goal of the ARS project is the derivation of a unified framework for the autonomous execution of robotic tasks in challenging environments in which accurate performance and safety are of paramount importance. We have chosen surgery as the research scenario because of its importance, its intrinsic challenges, and the presence of three factors that make this project feasible and timely. In fact, we have recently concluded the I-SUR project demonstrating the feasibility of autonomous surgical a",{"id":946,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":947,"piName":10,"institution":583,"country":60,"year":13,"amount":948,"abstract":949},"cordis-european-research-council-award-741791","Acetogenic bacteria: from basic physiology via gene regulation to application in industrial biotechnology","€2,497,140","Demand for biofuels and other biologically derived commodities is growing worldwide as efforts increase to reduce reliance on fossil fuels and to limit climate change. Most commercial approaches rely on fermentations of organic matter with its inherent problems in producing CO2 and being in conflict with the food supply of humans. These problems are avoided if CO2 can be used as feedstock. Autotrophic organisms can fix CO2 by producing chemicals that are used as building blocks for the synthesis",{"id":951,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":952,"piName":10,"institution":395,"country":260,"year":13,"amount":953,"abstract":954},"cordis-european-research-council-award-741863","Faster magic-angle spinning leads to a resolution revolution in biological solid-state NMR","€2,173,375","Solid-state NMR has recently made a significant impact on structural biology by providing atomic-resolution structures of several, previously uncharacterized proteins. A particularly relevant example is the Amyloid-beta (Aβ) peptide linked to Alzheimer’s disease where we determined the atomic-resolution structure of Aβ(1-42) and of the Osaka mutant of Aβ(1-40).A spectral resolution revolution is now in reach that will enable solid-state NMR to address new frontiers in structural biology. The app",{"id":956,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":957,"piName":10,"institution":958,"country":20,"year":13,"amount":959,"abstract":960},"cordis-european-research-council-award-741182","Mapping Ancient Polytheisms Cult Epithets as an Interface between Religious Systems and Human Agency","UNIVERSITE TOULOUSE II-JEAN JAURES","€2,432,062","Writing the history of ancient religions usually starts with the gods, considered as personifications linked by kinship or affinity. Yet this oversimplified approach overlooks the fact that gods are multifaceted powers, not individuals. MAP proposes to exploit the epithets attributed to the gods as the most efficient indicator of their multiple powers and modes of action, as well as their connection to places where humans interact with them. Epithets identify the god(s) invoked and thus enhance ",{"id":962,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":963,"piName":10,"institution":715,"country":53,"year":13,"amount":964,"abstract":965},"cordis-european-research-council-award-742401","Nanopores for New Molecular Nitrogen Chemistry","€2,498,645","We will study the adsorption, binding, transport and reactivity of N-containing substrates within the nanopores of functionalized and doped metal-organic framework (MOF) materials. A range of important target molecules (e.g., NH3, N2H4, N2O, NO, NO2 and N2O4) will be studied in this project, which aims to re-define the molecular chemistry for these energetic N-compounds in confined space, and to develop selective catalytic reduction (SCR) of NOx in the presence of NH3, urea and hydrocarbons. The",{"id":967,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":968,"piName":10,"institution":969,"country":60,"year":13,"amount":10,"abstract":970},"cordis-european-research-council-award-695094","Ocean Artificial Upwelling","HELMHOLTZ-ZENTRUM FUR OZEANFORSCHUNG KIEL (GEOMAR)","The productivity of the ocean is limited by the transport of nutrient-rich deep waters to the sun-lit surface layer. In large parts of the global ocean this transport is blocked by a temperature-induced density gradient, with warm light waters residing on top of heavier cold waters. These regions, which are referred to by scientists as ocean deserts, are presently expanding due to surface-ocean warming. Enhancing the upward transport of nutrient-rich deep waters through artificial upwelling can ",{"id":972,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":973,"piName":10,"institution":395,"country":260,"year":13,"amount":974,"abstract":975},"cordis-european-research-council-award-694955","In-situ second harmonic generation for emergent electronics in transition-metal oxides","€2,498,714","Since transition-metal oxides heterostructures can be grown by pulsed laser deposition (PLD) with semiconductor-like accuracy, fascinating phases and functionalities derived from their spin-charge correlations have been discovered. So far, reflection high-energy electron diffraction is the only widely established technique for monitoring the structure and homogeneity of multilayers in-situ, while they are growing, and provide direct feedback information on how to optimise the growth process. Wit",{"id":977,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":978,"piName":10,"institution":594,"country":60,"year":13,"amount":979,"abstract":980},"cordis-european-research-council-award-742804","Dissecting quantitative traits and their underlying genetic interactions via systematic genome editing","€2,499,995","Despite the ubiquity of genome sequence data, unravelling the contributions of genetic variation to phenotypic diversity remains one of the greatest challenges in genomics. This is partly due to our very limited knowledge of how multiple variations combine to create phenotypes. There is a clear need for a systematic, perturbation-based approach to study the phenotypic consequences of genetic variants in different genomic and environmental contexts. Previous efforts have primarily used loss-of-fu",{"id":982,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":983,"piName":10,"institution":687,"country":72,"year":13,"amount":984,"abstract":985},"cordis-european-research-council-award-740435","Mechanism Design for Data Science","€2,493,705","The way data science algorithms and techniques, central to the Internet and on-line media, are designed need to be revolutionized. Current designs ignore participants' strategic incentives. Our vision is the establishment of an entirely new repertoire  of incentive-compatible data science algorithms and techniques, obtained through pioneering the application of game-theoretic mechanism design for data science.  Game theory is the branch of mathematics dealing with the modeling and analysis of  m",{"id":987,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":988,"piName":10,"institution":989,"country":589,"year":13,"amount":990,"abstract":991},"cordis-european-research-council-award-694640","The Violence Early-Warning System: Building a Scientific Foundation for Conflict Forecasting","UPPSALA UNIVERSITET","€2,496,972","The challenges of preventing, mitigating, and adapting to large-scale political violence are daunting, particularly when violence escalates where it is not expected. Early-warning systems of sufficient quality and transparency do not exist, limiting the ability of the international community to effectively assist affected populations. We propose to develop, test, and iteratively improve a pilot Violence Early-Warning System (ViEWS) that is rigorous, data-based, and publicly available to research",{"id":993,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":994,"piName":10,"institution":59,"country":60,"year":13,"amount":995,"abstract":996},"cordis-european-research-council-award-741322","Creating an electron-positron plasma in a laboratory magnetosphere","€2,378,958","The visible Universe is predominantly in the plasma state. On Earth, plasmas are less common, but they find many applications in industry and are also studied with the goal of providing an abundant energy source for mankind through fusion energy. The behaviour of plasmas studied thus far, in particular those that are magnetized, is very complex. The complexity manifests itself first and foremost as a host of different wave types, many of which are generically unstable and evolve into turbulence ",{"id":998,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":999,"piName":10,"institution":1000,"country":53,"year":13,"amount":1001,"abstract":1002},"cordis-european-research-council-award-742930","Intelligent corrosion management underpinned by advanced engineering science","UNIVERSITY OF LEEDS","€955,710","Our planet’s population will continue to grow rapidly; between 2010 and 2025 the population will grow by 1.1bn. Urbanisation and growth of the consumer class in developing countries will lead to unprecedented demands on energy. There is arguably no bigger challenge to society than ensuring the security of affordable and environmentally-sustainable energy.  Hydrocarbons will provide a large proportion of the world’s energy for the foreseeable future.  There is no escape from the critically low oi",{"id":1004,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":1005,"piName":10,"institution":448,"country":60,"year":13,"amount":1006,"abstract":1007},"cordis-european-research-council-award-743118","Molecular Biology of Nascent Chains: Co-translational folding and assembly of proteins in eukaryotes","€2,069,000","Biological activity of cells depends on timely production of natively folded proteins by powerful translation and folding machineries. At a critical regulatory intersection of translation and folding, ribosomes act as integration hubs coordinating chaperone, enzyme and membrane targeting factor activity, and mRNA coding sequence specifies local changes in translation speed, influencing folding. Final assembly of proteins into oligomeric complexes however, has long been considered posttranslation",{"id":1009,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":1010,"piName":10,"institution":495,"country":260,"year":13,"amount":1011,"abstract":1012},"cordis-european-research-council-award-739874","Noise and robustness in the evolution of novel protein phenotypes","€2,383,444","Living cells are constantly barraged by perturbations that originate within themselves. Especially abundant – far more than DNA mutations – are two kinds of such perturbations. The first is gene expression noise, pervasive stochastic variation of transcript and protein levels. The second is mistranslation noise, the misincorporation of amino acids by ribosomes during protein synthesis. Organisms and protein molecules can evolve robustness – the persistence of well-adapted phenotypes – to both ki",{"id":1014,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":1015,"piName":10,"institution":1016,"country":53,"year":13,"amount":1017,"abstract":1018},"cordis-european-research-council-award-742437","Telomere metabolism in Genome Stability and Disease","THE FRANCIS CRICK INSTITUTE LIMITED","€2,118,431","Telomeres are specialised nucleoprotein structures that protect chromosome ends from degradation and promiscuous DNA repair activities. Critically short telomeres give rise to Dyskeratosis Congenita and Hoyeraal-Hreidarrson Syndrome (HHS), highlighting the clinical importance of maintaining telomeres. Telomeres also progressively shorten with each cell division, eventually triggering cellular senescence. Although telomerase is able to extend telomeres to solve the “end replication problem”, its ",{"id":1020,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":1021,"piName":10,"institution":296,"country":40,"year":13,"amount":1022,"abstract":1023},"cordis-european-research-council-award-742112","The Ocular Glymphatic System","€2,176,250","The glymphatic system is a highly organized brain-wide mechanism by which fluid wastes are removed from the brain that was recently described by my team. The glymphatic system clears 65% of amyloid-beta from the normal adult brain. A rapidly evolving literature has shown that the major neurodegenerative diseases of the eye, macular degeneration and glaucoma, may also result from the toxicity of uncleared protein wastes, including amyloid-beta. Yet the eye, like the brain, has no traditional lymp",{"id":1025,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":1026,"piName":10,"institution":71,"country":72,"year":13,"amount":1027,"abstract":1028},"cordis-european-research-council-award-741744","Immune checkpoint blockade for fighting Alzheimer’s disease","€2,287,500","Understanding, and ultimately treating Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a major need in Western countries. Currently, there is no available treatment to modify the disease. Several pioneering discoveries made by my team, attributing a key role to systemic immunity in brain maintenance and repair, and identifying unique interface between the brain’s borders through which the immune system assists the brain, led us to our recent discovery that transient reduction of systemic immune suppression could mo",{"id":1030,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":1031,"piName":10,"institution":633,"country":389,"year":13,"amount":1032,"abstract":1033},"cordis-european-research-council-award-741487","Quantum Fields and Probability","€2,463,412","Quantum Field Theory (QFT) has become a universal framework in physics to study systems with infinite number of degrees of freedom. It has also had in the past significant interaction with Probability starting with Constructive QFT and rigorous statistical mechanics. The goal of this proposal is to bring QFT methods to probabilistic problems and  new ideas from Probability to QFT. It concentrates on two concrete topics: (1) Renormalization Group study of rough Stochastic Partial Differential Equ",{"id":1035,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":1036,"piName":10,"institution":59,"country":60,"year":13,"amount":10,"abstract":1037},"cordis-european-research-council-award-742102","Quantum Emitters in non-conventional baths","The coupling of quantum emitters to a common bath gives rise to intriguing quantum optical phenomena, like super-radiance, non-Markovian dynamics, or dipole-dipole interactions. In recent years, new experimental setups are emerging where non-conventional baths, with tailored dispersion relations, can be produced. In particular, atoms (the emitters) can be kept in the proximity of photonic crystals (the bath), whose properties can be engineered thanks to the spectacular progress experienced in na",{"id":1039,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":1040,"piName":10,"institution":1041,"country":249,"year":13,"amount":1042,"abstract":1043},"cordis-european-research-council-award-742299","video-rate holographic projection by novel meta-materials","INTERUNIVERSITAIR MICRO-ELECTRONICA CENTRUM","€2,499,074","Today, despite many efforts by researchers world-wide, there are no holographic projectors that allow video-rate electronically controlled projection of complex holograms. Optically re-write-able holograms exist, but they are too slow; Acoustically-formed holograms can be switched fast but the image complexity is very limited.   We identify the essential roadblock as one that we intend to clear by a breakthrough innovation coming from a combination of electronics, optics and material science. We",{"id":1045,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":1046,"piName":10,"institution":633,"country":389,"year":13,"amount":178,"abstract":1047},"cordis-european-research-council-award-742312","Age at maturity in Atlantic salmon: molecular and ecological dissection of an adaptive trait","Life history is the nexus of biology, because various biological questions ultimately revolve around the causes and consequences of variation in reproduction and survival, i.e. fitness. Traditionally, a major tool in life-history research has been quantitative genetics because it provides an important statistical link between phenotype and genotype. However, the mechanisms by which evolution occurs may remain unclear unless such traditional approaches are combined with molecular investigations. ",{"id":1049,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":1050,"piName":10,"institution":237,"country":53,"year":13,"amount":1051,"abstract":1052},"cordis-european-research-council-award-695009","Functional Systems of Capsules","€2,478,236","The simplest living organism is composed of myriad chemical subsystems, each consisting of structurally complex biomolecules that interact in many ways; the properties of life emerge from these dense connections. Understanding how these interactions take place will help elucidate the foundations of biology, as well as enabling the design and creation of new chemical networks with targeted functions. Deciphering and designing chemical systems requires new tools to be developed, however. In this r",{"id":1054,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":1055,"piName":10,"institution":59,"country":60,"year":13,"amount":1056,"abstract":1057},"cordis-european-research-council-award-740233","Big-Data Analytics for the Thermal and Electrical Conductivity of Materials from First Principles","€2,048,183","Thermal conductivity (TC) is a key characteristic of many materials, particularly those used in the energy and environment sectors (thermoelectrics, thermal-barrier coatings, catalysis, etc.). However, TC is largely unknown − of the 225,000 identified inorganic semiconductor and insulator crystals, only 100 have any TC data available.By combining a novel ab initio molecular dynamics TC theory  and big-data analytics (machine learning, compressed sensing, subgroup discovery), we will generate qua",{"id":1059,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":1060,"piName":10,"institution":1061,"country":53,"year":13,"amount":10,"abstract":1062},"cordis-european-research-council-award-741120","COMPASS: Climate-relevant Ocean Measurements and Processes on the Antarctic continental Shelf and Slope","UNIVERSITY OF EAST ANGLIA","Processes on the Antarctic continental shelf and slope are crucially important for determining the rate of future sea level rise, setting the properties and volume of dense bottom water exported globally, and regulating the carbon cycle. Yet our ability to model and predict these processes over future decades remains rudimentary. This deficiency in understanding originates in a lack of observations in this inaccessible region. The COMPASS project seeks to rectify that by exploiting new technolog",{"id":1064,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":1065,"piName":10,"institution":296,"country":40,"year":13,"amount":178,"abstract":1066},"cordis-european-research-council-award-740369","Generalised Entropy Models for Spatial Choices","This project will create a new category of models that can be used for describing a wide range of spatial choice problems in the social sciences. Spatial settings often have a very large number of choice alternatives. Discrete choice models are used extensively to make counterfactual predictions based on observations of individual choices. Despite forty years of research, current spatial choice models still have two major generic short-comings that seriously limit their ability to make counterfa",{"id":1068,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":1069,"piName":10,"institution":237,"country":53,"year":13,"amount":1070,"abstract":1071},"cordis-european-research-council-award-742480","Stratified turbulence and mixing processes","€2,283,955","We propose to study turbulence and mixing in stably stratified fluid. Mixing is central to a wide range of questions from the heat uptake in the global ocean, the transport and dilution of pollutants in the atmosphere, the efficient cooling of buildings, to the homogenising of products in the food industry. However, the mechanisms that are responsible and their physical and dynamical aspects are largely unknown, and it is not possible to predict mixing rates from a knowledge of the overall flow ",{"id":1073,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":1074,"piName":10,"institution":1075,"country":92,"year":13,"amount":1076,"abstract":1077},"cordis-european-research-council-award-742426","DNA Damage and Repair and its Impact on Healthy Ageing","ERASMUS UNIVERSITAIR MEDISCH CENTRUM ROTTERDAM","€2,251,719","We pioneered an initially highly controversial connection between DNA damage and (accelerated) aging. In the previous ERC grant ‘DamAge’ we reached the stage that (segmental) aging in DNA repair-deficient mice can be largely controlled. The severity of the repair defect determines the rate of segmental aging; the repair pathways affected influence which organs age fast; conditional repair mutants allow targeting accelerated aging to any organ. Importantly, we found that dietary restriction (DR),",{"id":1079,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":1080,"piName":10,"institution":1081,"country":20,"year":13,"amount":178,"abstract":1082},"cordis-european-research-council-award-694502","Targeting Innate Lymphoid Cells","UNIVERSITE D'AIX MARSEILLE","TILC focuses on Innate Lymphoid Cells (ILCs). ILCs are a newly discovered type of lymphocyte, and their study opens up new perspectives for understanding and manipulating of immunity. ILCs include cytotoxic ILCs (NK cells) and helper-like ILCs (ILC1, ILC2 & ILC3). Studies of ILC2 cells have advanced considerably, but much remains unknown about the respective roles of NK, ILC1 and ILC3 cells. TILC aims to explore new frontiers in ILC biology, by focusing on these subsets of ILCs in mice and human",{"id":1084,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":1085,"piName":10,"institution":1086,"country":389,"year":13,"amount":1087,"abstract":1088},"cordis-european-research-council-award-742829","Field driven materials for functions, dissipation, and mimicking Pavlovian  adaptation","AALTO KORKEAKOULUSAATIO SR","€2,499,999","During the recent years, biological materials have extensively inspired materials scientists towards new properties, e.g., for composites, photonics, and wetting. The future grand challenge is to mimic biological active materials towards new properties that commonly have not been connected with man-made materials. Due to the biological complexity, conceptually new approaches are needed in materials science. In the project DRIVEN, field-driven dissipative out-of-equilibrium self-assemblies are de",{"id":1090,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":1091,"piName":10,"institution":71,"country":72,"year":13,"amount":1092,"abstract":1093},"cordis-european-research-council-award-742637","Single-molecule spectroscopy of coordinated motions in allosteric proteins","€2,484,722","Critical for the function of many proteins, allosteric communication involves transmission of the effect of binding at one site of a protein to another through conformational changes. Yet the structural and dynamic basis for allostery remains poorly understood. In particular, there is no method to follow coordinated large-scale motions of domains and subunits in proteins as they occur. Since the subunits of allosteric proteins often contain multiple domains, any such method entails probing the d",200,{"programme":8,"total":1096,"withPiName":1097,"firstYear":1098,"lastYear":1099,"countryCount":1100,"perYear":1101,"topInstitutions":1158,"topCountries":1229},4756,450,2008,2027,46,[1102,1104,1107,1110,1113,1116,1119,1122,1125,1128,1129,1132,1135,1138,1141,1144,1147,1150,1153,1156],{"year":1098,"count":1103},47,{"year":1105,"count":1106},2009,232,{"year":1108,"count":1109},2010,248,{"year":1111,"count":1112},2011,276,{"year":1114,"count":1115},2012,293,{"year":1117,"count":1118},2013,344,{"year":1120,"count":1121},2014,359,{"year":1123,"count":1124},2015,138,{"year":1126,"count":1127},2016,299,{"year":13,"count":1106},{"year":1130,"count":1131},2018,376,{"year":1133,"count":1134},2019,241,{"year":1136,"count":1137},2020,137,{"year":1139,"count":1140},2021,228,{"year":1142,"count":1143},2022,322,{"year":1145,"count":1146},2023,252,{"year":1148,"count":1149},2024,243,{"year":1151,"count":1152},2025,222,{"year":1154,"count":1155},2026,264,{"year":1099,"count":1157},3,[1159,1162,1165,1168,1171,1174,1177,1180,1183,1186,1189,1192,1195,1198,1201,1204,1207,1210,1212,1215,1217,1219,1221,1224,1226],{"name":1160,"count":1161},"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique CNRS",206,{"name":1163,"count":1164},"Max-Planck-Gesellschaft zur Forderung der Wissenschaften Ev",133,{"name":1166,"count":1167},"University of Oxford",128,{"name":1169,"count":1170},"University of Cambridge",124,{"name":1172,"count":1173},"Eidgenoessische Technische Hochschule Zuerich",84,{"name":1175,"count":1176},"Weizmann Institute of Science",74,{"name":1178,"count":1179},"École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne",72,{"name":1181,"count":1182},"University College London",69,{"name":1184,"count":1185},"Ludwig-Maximilians-Universitaet Muenchen",59,{"name":1187,"count":1188},"The Hebrew University of Jerusalem",57,{"name":1190,"count":1191},"Katholieke Universiteit Leuven",52,{"name":1193,"count":1194},"University of Bristol",49,{"name":1196,"count":1197},"University of Edinburgh",48,{"name":1199,"count":1200},"Kobenhavns Universitet",40,{"name":1202,"count":1203},"Universiteit van Amsterdam",39,{"name":1205,"count":1206},"Institut National de la Sante Et de la Recherche Medicale",38,{"name":1208,"count":1209},"Agencia Estatal Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas",35,{"name":1211,"count":1209},"Tel Aviv University",{"name":1213,"count":1214},"Imperial College of Science Technology and Medicine",33,{"name":1216,"count":1214},"Technische Universitaet Muenchen",{"name":1218,"count":1214},"Universitat Wien",{"name":1220,"count":1214},"University of Manchester",{"name":1222,"count":1223},"Helsingin Yliopisto",32,{"name":1225,"count":1223},"Karolinska Institutet",{"name":1227,"count":1228},"Technische Universiteit Delft",30,[1230,1232,1234,1236,1238,1240,1242,1244,1246,1248,1250,1251,1253,1256,1258,1261,1264,1266,1268,1270,1273,1276,1279,1280,1283],{"name":60,"count":1231},802,{"name":53,"count":1233},778,{"name":20,"count":1235},581,{"name":92,"count":1237},390,{"name":260,"count":1239},310,{"name":27,"count":1241},302,{"name":12,"count":1243},269,{"name":72,"count":1245},202,{"name":589,"count":1247},183,{"name":266,"count":1249},153,{"name":249,"count":1249},{"name":40,"count":1252},107,{"name":1254,"count":1255},"GB",78,{"name":389,"count":1257},76,{"name":1259,"count":1260},"NO",65,{"name":1262,"count":1263},"IE",42,{"name":1265,"count":1200},"PT",{"name":273,"count":1267},25,{"name":302,"count":1269},24,{"name":1271,"count":1272},"US",20,{"name":1274,"count":1275},"PL",18,{"name":1277,"count":1278},"CZ",15,{"name":567,"count":1278},{"name":1281,"count":1282},"CN",9,{"name":1284,"count":1285},"EE",8]