[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"awarded-erc-starting-grant-2010":3,"awarded-stats-erc-starting-grant":1069},{"awarded":4,"total":1068},[5,16,21,28,33,38,44,51,55,60,65,70,77,84,90,97,101,107,112,117,122,127,134,139,144,149,153,158,164,170,176,181,187,193,199,203,207,213,218,223,228,233,238,244,250,255,260,265,270,274,280,286,292,298,302,308,314,319,324,330,334,340,346,352,358,362,367,373,378,384,389,394,399,404,409,414,419,424,429,434,439,443,448,453,458,463,467,472,477,482,487,492,497,503,509,516,521,526,531,536,541,547,552,557,563,569,576,582,589,594,599,604,608,614,619,624,629,635,639,645,651,656,662,667,672,678,683,688,693,698,703,707,712,717,722,726,732,738,742,747,752,757,762,767,772,777,782,787,791,796,802,806,811,816,821,826,831,836,840,846,852,857,863,869,875,881,886,892,897,902,907,911,916,921,927,933,939,944,950,956,962,967,973,979,985,990,995,1000,1005,1010,1014,1019,1024,1029,1035,1040,1046,1051,1057,1063],{"id":6,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":9,"piName":10,"institution":11,"country":12,"year":13,"amount":14,"abstract":15},"cordis-european-research-council-award-259091","European Research Council","ERC Starting Grant","Understanding Designing and Analyzing Computational Cameras",null,"WEIZMANN INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE","IL",2010,"€756,845","Computational cameras go beyond 2D images and allow the extraction of more dimensions from the visual world such as depth, multiple viewpoints and multiple illumination conditions. They also allow us to overcome some of the traditional photography challenges such as defocus blur, motion blur, noise and resolution. The increasing variety of computational cameras is raising the need for a meaningful comparison across camera types. We would like to understand which cameras are better for specific t",{"id":17,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":18,"piName":10,"institution":11,"country":12,"year":13,"amount":19,"abstract":20},"cordis-european-research-council-award-258221","Smart Inorganic Nanocrystals for Sub-diffraction Limited IMaging","€1,496,600","The goal of this proposal is to design and fabricate smart inorganic fluorophores, which could replace to replace currently used organic dyes for far-field sub-diffraction limited microscopy applications. Delicate band-gap engineering of the structure and composition of colloidal semiconductor nanocrystals is suggested as a path to achieving the required nonlinear all-optical control over their luminescent properties. In conjunction with the inherent photostability, tunability and ease of excita",{"id":22,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":23,"piName":10,"institution":24,"country":25,"year":13,"amount":26,"abstract":27},"cordis-european-research-council-award-261317","Uncovering the mechanisms of inflammation induced liver tissue destruction and carcinogenesis","HELMHOLTZ ZENTRUM MUENCHEN DEUTSCHES FORSCHUNGSZENTRUM FUER GESUNDHEIT UND UMWELT GMBH","DE","€1,212,190","Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is caused by chronic hepatitis and is the third most common cause of cancer-related death worldwide, with a rising incidence in first world countries. To date no effective therapies other than liver transplantation are available for this disease.Previous studies have provided evidence that inflammatory signalling pathways (e.g. the NF-b pathway) are crucial modulators of liver cancer development. However, the exact mechanisms driving hepatitis-induced liver damage",{"id":29,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":30,"piName":10,"institution":24,"country":25,"year":13,"amount":31,"abstract":32},"cordis-european-research-council-award-242807","Deciphering mechanisms of ciliary disease","€1,449,640","Ciliopathies are pleiotropic diseases with a wide spectrum of human phenotypes. These include cyst formation in the liver and pancreas, respiratory disorders and a predisposition to diabetes and cancer. The pleiotropic nature of these disorders may reflect the many roles cilia play in physiology and signalling, highlighting the clinical importance of understanding their function in organ development and homeostasis. Despite the biological importance of cilia and decades of research, many aspects",{"id":34,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":35,"piName":10,"institution":24,"country":25,"year":13,"amount":36,"abstract":37},"cordis-european-research-council-award-260991","Deep Tissue Optoacoustic Imaging for Tracking of Dynamic Molecular and Functional Events","€1,452,650","The ability to visualize biological processes in living organisms continuously, instead of at discrete time points, holds a great promise for studies of functional and molecular events, disease progression and treatment monitoring. Optical spectrum is particularly attractive for biological interrogations as it can impart highly versatile contrast of cellular and sub-cellular function as well as employ highly specific contrast agents and markers not available for other modalities. However, techni",{"id":39,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":40,"piName":10,"institution":41,"country":25,"year":13,"amount":42,"abstract":43},"cordis-european-research-council-award-260986","Multidrug  resistance and the evolutionary ecology of insect immunity","FREIE UNIVERSITAET BERLIN","€1,292,502","I will investigate the hypothesis that antimicrobial peptides in insects deal with persistent infections and\u002For prevent the evolution of resistant bacterial mutants. This will be achieved by looking at two hitherto unrelated areas within a single conceptual and experimental framework:  (a) how to prevent the evolution of bacterial resistance against antimicrobials? (b) Why is it adaptive for insects to exhibit long lasting costly immune responses?This research takes a novel approach to understan",{"id":45,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":46,"piName":10,"institution":47,"country":48,"year":13,"amount":49,"abstract":50},"cordis-european-research-council-award-257280","Femtosecond Laser Control of Spins in Magnetic Materials: from fundamentals to nanoscale dynamics","STICHTING RADBOUD UNIVERSITEIT","NL","€1,500,000","The aim of the project is to develop femtosecond optical control of magnetism: a new area at the junction of coherent nonlinear optics, near-field optics and magnetism. In particular, I am aiming to investigate nonthermal effects of light on magnetic order and to apply this knowledge for highly efficient ultrafast (10-12 seconds and faster) optical control of magnetism at the nanoscale.The ever increasing demand for faster information processing has triggered an intense search for ways to manipu",{"id":52,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":53,"piName":10,"institution":47,"country":48,"year":13,"amount":49,"abstract":54},"cordis-european-research-council-award-259064","Catalysis at the Nanoscale","Is it possible to really 'see' individual molecules in action as they are involved in a chemical reaction at a surface? And can we, in this way, get a complete understanding of reaction mechanisms, at the resolution of atoms? The importance of studying chemical reactions at surfaces has recently been highlighted by Gerhard Ertl being awarded the Nobel Prize in chemistry in 2007, for elucidating mechanisms of chemical processes on heterogeneous catalysts at the single molecule level with Scanning",{"id":56,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":57,"piName":10,"institution":47,"country":48,"year":13,"amount":58,"abstract":59},"cordis-european-research-council-award-262898","Relocated Remembrance: the Great Famine in Irish (Diaspora) Fiction, 1847-1921","€741,000","The Great Hunger (1845-49) radically transformed Ireland: it led to the wide-scale eviction of farmers, killed one million of the rural population, and caused massive emigration to other parts of the British Empire and the United States. Moreover, the Great Famine encouraged anti-English, nationalist sentiments and its trauma is pivotal to the development of an Irish postcolonial consciousness between 1847-1921. There is a vast unexplored transatlantic corpus of prose fiction, written between th",{"id":61,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":62,"piName":10,"institution":47,"country":48,"year":13,"amount":63,"abstract":64},"cordis-european-research-council-award-243115","Exploring the aggressiveness of prostate cancer to enable an individualised treatment approach","€1,800,209","Prostate cancer is the most frequently diagnosed malignancy in the western male population and the associated socio-economic impact on healthcare is more than worrying. There is one key feature of confined (stage T2) prostate cancer that needs to be addressed with immediate urgency: its true aggressiveness. Not all cancers are life threatening and early diagnosis, although needed to improve outcome, will lead to overtreatment of patients with indolent prostate cancer resulting in unnecessary tre",{"id":66,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":67,"piName":10,"institution":47,"country":48,"year":13,"amount":68,"abstract":69},"cordis-european-research-council-award-240962","Language in our hand: The role of modality in shaping spatial language development in deaf and hearing children","€1,159,000","The world's languages differ substantially from each other. Yet, all children learn the language(s) they are born into quite easily. A major scientific question in language has been to what extent follows a universal trajectory based on an innate design for language, and to what extent it is shaped by specific properties of the language that is being learned. By comparing the acquisition of a spoken language with a language that uses a visuo-spatial format, namely signed languages, a unique wind",{"id":71,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":72,"piName":10,"institution":73,"country":74,"year":13,"amount":75,"abstract":76},"cordis-european-research-council-award-240710","Roughness design towards reversible non- \u002F full-wetting surfaces: From Fakir Droplets to Liquid Films","ETHNICON METSOVION POLYTECHNION","EL","€1,131,840","Creating tunable surfaces that are able to undergo reversible transitions between superhydrophobic and superhydrophilic behaviour is a challenging and vital issue due to their potential use in applications involving self cleaning, very low flow resistance and liquid handling without moving mechanical parts. Superhydrophobic surfaces arising from micro-scale roughened hydrophobic materials spontaneously exhibit transitions to become superhydrophilic when their material wetting properties are suit",{"id":78,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":79,"piName":10,"institution":80,"country":81,"year":13,"amount":82,"abstract":83},"cordis-european-research-council-award-259374","Spin dynamics and transport at the quantum edge in low dimensional nanomaterials","BUDAPESTI MUSZAKI ES GAZDASAGTUDOMANYI EGYETEM","HU","€1,230,000","Sustainable development in information technology calls for an ever increasing information processing and storage capability. A promising route to maintain exponential growth capability, i.e. to keep on the Moore's roadmap, is to turn to the electron spins as information carriers rather than their charge. This field, spintronics, has enormous potential whose exploitation requires solid knowledge in the fundamentals of spin dynamics and spin transport. Herein, novel nanomaterials are suggested fo",{"id":85,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":86,"piName":10,"institution":87,"country":88,"year":13,"amount":49,"abstract":89},"cordis-european-research-council-award-260564","Moonlight-dependent Hormones Orchestrating Lunar Reproductive Periodicity and Regeneration","UNIVERSITAT WIEN","AT","The moon governs reproductive cycles in a broad range of marine animals, including cnidarians, polychaetes, crustaceans, echinoderms and fishes. Even outside the animals, lunar reproductive cycles have been described, such as in brown algae or foraminifers. Despite their fundamental nature, and decades of classical observations, close to nothing is known about the molecular processes that underly these lunar reproductive cycles.We will take advantage of the recent advance in molecular resources ",{"id":91,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":92,"piName":10,"institution":93,"country":94,"year":13,"amount":95,"abstract":96},"cordis-european-research-council-award-240210","String Theory, QCD and Black Holes","COMMISSARIAT A L ENERGIE ATOMIQUE ET AUX ENERGIES ALTERNATIVES","FR","€652,500","I intend to use string theory to understand gauge theories in four dimensions, both at strong and weak coupling. This includes describing strongly interacting gauge theories and their metastable vacua using their supergravity and string duals, as well as understanding gauge theories at intermediate coupling via integrability. It also includes using and developing new string-inspired twistor-space techniques to analyze QCD and N=1 amplitudes at one loop level. I also plan to thoroughly investigat",{"id":98,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":99,"piName":10,"institution":93,"country":94,"year":13,"amount":49,"abstract":100},"cordis-european-research-council-award-258239","Novel materials and extreme conditions to open new frontiers in heavy fermion physics","The objective of this project is to explore novel phenomena of heavy fermion systems. The focus will be on low temperature novel properties such as quantum criticality, unconventional superconductivity and multipole ordering, which will leads to new horizon not only of heavy fermion physics, but also of material science. We will concentrate on: (1) new materials and high quality single crystals, (2) precise temperature-pressure-field (T,P,H) phase diagrams, (3) quantum singularities and Fermiolo",{"id":102,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":103,"piName":10,"institution":104,"country":105,"year":13,"amount":10,"abstract":106},"cordis-european-research-council-award-258292","All-solid-state quantum electrodynamics in photonic crystals","KOBENHAVNS UNIVERSITET","DK","In quantum electrodynamics a range of fundamental processes are driven by omnipresent vacuum fluctuations. Photonic crystals can control vacuum fluctuations and thereby the fundamental interaction between light and matter. We will conduct experiments on quantum dots in photonic crystals and observe novel quantum electrodynamics effects including fractional decay and the modified Lamb shift. Furthermore, photonic crystals will be explored for shielding sensitive quantum-superposition states again",{"id":108,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":109,"piName":10,"institution":93,"country":94,"year":13,"amount":110,"abstract":111},"cordis-european-research-council-award-258567","Nuclear magic numbers off stability","€1,121,520","Atomic nuclei are finite systems composed of fermions, the nucleons, and essentially governed by the strong force and quantum mechanical laws. Their structure is characterized by single-particle orbitals grouped in energy shells, separated by energy gaps. The numbers of nucleons that correspond to fully filled shells are called magic and represent the backbone of nuclear structure. In this proposal, we propose a new approach to investigate the most neutron-rich systems ever reached and establish",{"id":113,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":114,"piName":10,"institution":93,"country":94,"year":13,"amount":115,"abstract":116},"cordis-european-research-council-award-240013","Ultrahigh-Intensity Plasma Optics","€1,140,000","Ultraintense and ultrashort light pulses have a huge potential for applications, such as the production of very compact particle accelerators. Exploiting this potential requires pushing the characteristics of lasers beyond their present state-of-the-art performances. However, the laser technology used so far is approaching its limits, in particular because of the optical breakdown of conventional optical media. Overcoming these limits requires finding radically new approaches for optics at ultra",{"id":118,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":119,"piName":10,"institution":93,"country":94,"year":13,"amount":120,"abstract":121},"cordis-european-research-council-award-242564","Do forests cool the Earth? Reconciling sustained productivity and minimum climate response with portfolios of contrasting forest management strategies","€1,296,125","Forests, of which globally 70% are managed, play a particularly important role in the global carbon cycle. Recently, forest management became a top priority on the agenda of the political negotiations to mitigate climate change because forest plantations may remove atmospheric CO2 and if used for energy production, the wood is a substitute for fossil fuel. However, this political imperative is at present running well ahead of the science required to deliver it. Despite the key implications of fo",{"id":123,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":124,"piName":10,"institution":93,"country":94,"year":13,"amount":125,"abstract":126},"cordis-european-research-council-award-259297","Tunable array of magnetic nano-crystals designed at the atomic scale: engineering high performance magnetic materials using hybrid organic-inorganic nano-architectures","€1,499,725","The storage density of computer hard drives is growing so rapidly that for new computer drive generations not only optimized materials are needed but also new concepts for data storage. Last decades, higher storage densities on computer disks were achieved by optimization of magnetic materials, i.e. the magnetic grains were gradually shrunk while, at the same time, the magnetic stability was increased. The nowadays smallest storage unit is made up 100 to 600 grains, that form one bit. Each grain",{"id":128,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":129,"piName":10,"institution":130,"country":131,"year":13,"amount":132,"abstract":133},"cordis-european-research-council-award-240530","Cognitive Image Understanding: Image representations and Multimodal learning","KATHOLIEKE UNIVERSITEIT LEUVEN","BE","€1,538,380","One of the primary and most appealing goals of computer vision is to automatically understand the content of images on a cognitive level. Ultimately we want to have computers interpret images as we humans do, recognizing all the objects, scenes, and people as well as their relations as they appear in natural images or video. With this project, I want to advance the state of the art in this field in two directions, which I believe to be crucial to build the next generation of image understanding ",{"id":135,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":136,"piName":10,"institution":137,"country":48,"year":13,"amount":10,"abstract":138},"cordis-european-research-council-award-260884","Single Molecule Enzymology with ClyA Nanopores","RIJKSUNIVERSITEIT GRONINGEN","Single molecules based techniques provide the ultimate toolkit to study complex biological systems. In single-molecule approaches, molecules do not need to be synchronised as in ensemble studies, and rare and\u002For transient species along a reaction pathway as well as heterogeneity and disorder in a sample can be revealed.Observing and manipulating single molecules, however, is generally complicated, time consuming and withstand several technical limitations that hamper the study of single enzymes ",{"id":140,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":141,"piName":10,"institution":130,"country":131,"year":13,"amount":142,"abstract":143},"cordis-european-research-council-award-241127","Trade, Productivity, and Firm Capabilities in China's Manufacturing Sector","€944,940","China s economy has expanded at breakneck speed to become the 3rd largest trading country in the world and the largest recipient of foreign direct investment (FDI). Entry into the WTO in 2001 was a landmark event in this ongoing process and I propose to study several channels through which it spurred China s industrial development. Crucially, I will take an integrated view of the different ways in which Chinese and Western firms interact: through trade flows, as suppliers or competitors, FDI, or",{"id":145,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":146,"piName":10,"institution":130,"country":131,"year":13,"amount":147,"abstract":148},"cordis-european-research-council-award-260607","Objects in sight: the neural basis of visuomotor transformations for actions towards objects","€1,499,200","Humans and other primates possess an exquisite capacity to grasp and manipulate objects. The seemingly effortless interaction with objects in everyday life is subserved by a number of cortical areas of the visual and the motor system. Recent research has highlighted that dorsal stream areas in the posterior parietal cortex are involved in object processing. Because parietal lesions do not impair object recognition, the encoding of object shape in posterior parietal cortex is considered to be imp",{"id":150,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":151,"piName":10,"institution":130,"country":131,"year":13,"amount":10,"abstract":152},"cordis-european-research-council-award-260864","Evolutionary reconstruction of viral spread in time and space","To identify the causal mechanisms leading to disease emergence, endemic maintenance and epidemic expansion,epidemiologists would benefit tremendously from a full characterization of pathogen spread in space and time. The extensivesequencing efforts for the ongoing swine-origin H1N1 influenza A epidemic testify that analyses of pathogen genetic data arebecoming increasingly important source of information in epidemiology. The new era of metagenomics promises to harvestsuch data in unprecedented q",{"id":154,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":155,"piName":10,"institution":130,"country":131,"year":13,"amount":156,"abstract":157},"cordis-european-research-council-award-260601","Speciation through fungi? - The role of mycorrhizal associations in orchid diversification","€1,499,800","The Orchidaceae is the most diverse family of angiosperms with an estimated number of over 24,000 species. It has long been believed that co-evolution with pollinating animals has played an instrumental role in the unparalleled diversification of the Orchidaceae. Many orchid species, however, are generalists with respect to their pollinators. Because the availability of a suitable mycorrhizal fungus is crucial to orchid establishment, it has recently been suggested that diversification might als",{"id":159,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":160,"piName":10,"institution":161,"country":162,"year":13,"amount":10,"abstract":163},"cordis-european-research-council-award-259638","Understanding Halogen Bonding in Solution: Investigation of Yet Unexplored Interactions with Applications in Medicinal Chemistry","GOETEBORGS UNIVERSITET","SE","Halogen bonding is an electron density donation-based weak interaction that has so far almost exclusively been investigated in computational and crystallographic studies. It shows high similarities to hydrogen bonding; however, its applicability for molecular recognition processes long remained unappreciated and has not been thoroughly explored.The main goals of this project are (1) to take the major leap from solid state\u002Fcomputational to \u002Fsolution\u002F investigations of halogen bonding by developin",{"id":165,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":166,"piName":10,"institution":167,"country":94,"year":13,"amount":168,"abstract":169},"cordis-european-research-council-award-243054","Evolutionary Epidemiology of Infectious Diseases","CENTRE NATIONAL DE LA RECHERCHE SCIENTIFIQUE CNRS","€1,308,660","Our ability to control infectious diseases relies on a better understanding of epidemiological and evolutionary dynamics of pathogens. I will develop a research program combining theoretical and experimental approaches. First, I will extend the theoretical framework of evolutionary epidemiology into several new directions to study (1) the evolution of host and pathogen key life-history traits (parasite virulence, host resistance and host manipulation by the parasite) and, (2) the dynamics of ada",{"id":171,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":172,"piName":10,"institution":173,"country":25,"year":13,"amount":174,"abstract":175},"cordis-european-research-council-award-259368","New Concepts for Utilizing a Ubiquitous (Non-)Functional Group - C-H Bond Activation for Increased Efficiency in Organic Synthesis","Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster","€1,499,400","C-H activations and related reactions can potentially revolutionize the way organic molecules are made and allow a more efficient use of earth's natural resources. Despite the rapid progress of the last couple of years, many problems like limited scope, extreme reaction conditions (temperature, excess of reagents) or low reactivities and selectivities remain in many cases. In this comprehensive proposal containing a number of projects and work packages, we want to develope new C-H activation met",{"id":177,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":178,"piName":10,"institution":179,"country":94,"year":13,"amount":49,"abstract":180},"cordis-european-research-council-award-263790","Information Heterogeneity and Frictions in the Macroeconomy","FONDATION JEAN JACQUES LAFFONT,TOULOUSE SCIENCES ECONOMIQUES","This proposal seeks to analyze the effects of incomplete dispersed information for macroeconomic dynamics, broadly defined.First, the proposal seeks to develop methods for the analysis of dynamic equilibrium models, in which different participants hold different views of the aggregate conditions. Theoretical and quantitative solution methods will be proposed that can be applied to almost arbitrary equilibrium models of financial markets or the macro-economy, integrating information with other so",{"id":182,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":183,"piName":10,"institution":184,"country":185,"year":13,"amount":49,"abstract":186},"cordis-european-research-council-award-258742","Eclipsing binary stars as cutting edge laboratories for astrophysics of stellarstructure, stellar evolution and planet formation","CENTRUM ASTRONOMICZNE IM. MIKOLAJA KOPERNIKA POLSKIEJ AKADEMII NAUK","PL","Spectroscopic binary stars (SB2s) and in particular spectroscopic eclipsing binaries are one of the most useful objects in astrophysics. Their photometric and spectroscopic observations allow one to determine basic parameters of stars and carry out a wide range of tests of stellar structure, evolution and dynamics. Perhaps somewhat surprisingly, they can also contribute to our understanding of the formation and evolution of (extrasolar) planets.  We will study eclipsing binary stars by combining",{"id":188,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":189,"piName":10,"institution":190,"country":25,"year":13,"amount":191,"abstract":192},"cordis-european-research-council-award-258830","Mechanics Of Deformation of the Earth's Lithosphere","JOHANNES GUTENBERG-UNIVERSITAT MAINZ","€1,420,920","The deformation of lithospheric plates result in a wide variety of geodynamical processes such as mountain belts, volcanic eruptions, and earthquakes.Since most lithospheric processes occur on a million-year timescale and involve rocks which have a nonlinear rheology, they are difficult to reproduce with laboratory experiments. Moreover, the geological record yields an incomplete picture of such processes and geophysical techniques mainly give a snapshot of how the Earth looks like today. As a r",{"id":194,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":195,"piName":10,"institution":196,"country":197,"year":13,"amount":49,"abstract":198},"cordis-european-research-council-award-260676","Dissecting the biogenesis of eukaryotic ribosomal subunits","EIDGENOESSISCHE TECHNISCHE HOCHSCHULE ZUERICH","CH","In all living cells, the important task of protein synthesis is carried out by the ribosome. A substantial amount of cellular energy and resources is utilized to manufacture ribosomal subunits. In contrast to prokaryotes, eukaryotic ribosome assembly requires a multitude of conserved non-ribosomal trans-acting factors, which transiently associate with pre-ribosomal particles at distinct assembly stages and perform specific maturation steps.Large-scale proteomic approaches in budding yeast, have ",{"id":200,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":201,"piName":10,"institution":196,"country":197,"year":13,"amount":10,"abstract":202},"cordis-european-research-council-award-257450","Iterative solution of the  QCD perturbative expansion","Particle physics phenomenology is in a revolutionary phase, due to breakthroughs in understandingthe perturbative expansion of gauge theory amplitudes. Latest research hints to theexistence of an unknown iterative structure. We aim to solve loop amplitudes at an arbitraryperturbative order in QCD from amplitudes at lower orders and eventually from the leadingorder.We will obtain accurate theoretical predictions for cross-sections of important LHC processes,leading to a preciser extraction of cou",{"id":204,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":205,"piName":10,"institution":196,"country":197,"year":13,"amount":49,"abstract":206},"cordis-european-research-council-award-260341","DNA Adduct Molecular Probes: Elucidating the Diet-Cancer Connection at Chemical Resolution","Bulky DNA adducts formed from chemical carcinogens dictate structure, reactivity, and mechanism of chemical-biological reactions; therefore, their identification is central to evaluating and mitigating cancer risk.  Natural food components, or others associated with certain food preparations or metabolic conversions, initiate potentially damaging genetic mutations after forming DNA adducts, which contribute critically to carcinogenesis, despite the fact that they are typically repaired biochemic",{"id":208,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":209,"piName":10,"institution":210,"country":211,"year":13,"amount":10,"abstract":212},"cordis-european-research-council-award-240167","Past hurricane activity reconstructed using cave deposits: Have humans increased storm risk?","UNIVERSITY OF DURHAM","UK","The proposed research would utilise various geochemical proxies (oxygen, carbon, and trace elements) in cave calcite deposits (stalagmites) to develop extraordinarily high-resolution North Atlantic hurricane activity records for the past five hundred years, extending existing historical datasets by hundreds of years. This new stalagmite record would be the first high resolution record to extend beyond 1850, thus permit more statistically robust comparisons of hurricane activity between pre- and ",{"id":214,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":215,"piName":10,"institution":196,"country":197,"year":13,"amount":216,"abstract":217},"cordis-european-research-council-award-258932","Generalized (quantum) information theory","€1,288,792","Information theory is a branch of science that studies, from a mathematical perspective, the processing, transmission, and storage of information. The classical theory has been established in 1948 by Claude Shannon and has later been extended to incorporate processes where information is represented by the state of quantum systems.A major limitation of the present theory of information is that various of its concepts and methods require, as an assumption, that the processes to be studied are ite",{"id":219,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":220,"piName":10,"institution":221,"country":25,"year":13,"amount":49,"abstract":222},"cordis-european-research-council-award-259024","Natural products and their cellular targets: A multidisciplinary strategy for antibacterial drug discovery","TECHNISCHE UNIVERSITAET MUENCHEN","After decades of successful treatment of bacterial infections with antibiotics, formerly treatable bacteria have developed drug resistance and consequently pose a major threat to public health. To address the urgent need for effective antibacterial drugs we will develop a streamlined chemical-biology platform that facilitates the consolidated identification and structural elucidation of natural products together with their dedicated cellular targets. This innovative concept overcomes several lim",{"id":224,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":225,"piName":10,"institution":221,"country":25,"year":13,"amount":226,"abstract":227},"cordis-european-research-council-award-256270","Single-molecule studies of protein-protein and protein-DNA interactions, enabled by DNA origami","€1,494,216","Adhesive interactions between macromolecules are ubiquitously found in biology. Regulatory processes in biology depend on temporary physical inter-biomolecular interactions whose strengths are regulated by the internal state of the cell. Obtaining quantitative insight the dynamic strength of interactions between biomolecules has remained a difficult task. Single-molecule approaches can provide detailed insight into intra-molecular interactions in biomolecules. Yet, protein-protein and protein-DN",{"id":229,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":230,"piName":10,"institution":221,"country":25,"year":13,"amount":231,"abstract":232},"cordis-european-research-council-award-240168","Convex Optimization Methods for Computer Vision and Image Analysis","€1,985,400","Optimization methods have become an established paradigm to address most Computer Vision challenges including thereconstruction of three-dimensional objects from multiple images, or the tracking of a deformable shape over time. Yet, it hasbeen largely overlooked that optimization approaches are practically useless if they do not come with efficient algorithms tocompute minimizers of respective energies. Most existing formulations give rise to non-convex energies. As a consequence,solutions highl",{"id":234,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":235,"piName":10,"institution":221,"country":25,"year":13,"amount":236,"abstract":237},"cordis-european-research-council-award-240142","X-ray phase-contrast imaging for biomedical applications","€1,994,000","In conventional x-ray imaging, contrast is obtained through the differences in the absorption cross-section of the constituents of the object. The technique yields excellent results where highly absorbing structures such as bones are embedded in a matrix of relatively weakly absorbing material, for example the surrounding tissue of the human body. However, in cases where different forms of tissue with similar absorption cross-sections are under investigation (for example, in mammography or neuro",{"id":239,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":240,"piName":10,"institution":241,"country":48,"year":13,"amount":242,"abstract":243},"cordis-european-research-council-award-260627","Microvesicle-inspired drug delivery systems","UNIVERSITAIR MEDISCH CENTRUM UTRECHT","€1,338,000","Current state-of-the-art drug carrier systems deliver new ‘biological drugs’ (like proteins and nucleic acids) poorly to the target site. This is something I daily experience in my research on delivery of small interfering RNA. The in vivo challenges are threefold:• Biological drugs are fragile molecules (subject to degradation and denaturation)• They need to gain access to the target site• They need delivery to a specific cell type and even to a specific subcellular location to be active.Recent",{"id":245,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":246,"piName":10,"institution":247,"country":48,"year":13,"amount":248,"abstract":249},"cordis-european-research-council-award-242955","Tropical forests and climate change: understanding links to predict future responses","WAGENINGEN UNIVERSITY","€1,729,200","Tropical forests cover just 7% of the Earth s surface, but store 25% of the global terrestrial carbon pool. Since they are so rich in carbon, net loss or uptake of carbon by tropical forests has important implications for atmospheric CO2 levels. Thus, tropical forests can speed up climate change by net emission of CO2 or slow it down by net sequestration. The rise in atmospheric CO2 level since the onset of the Industrial Revolution and the resulting climatic changes have certainly affected trop",{"id":251,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":252,"piName":10,"institution":253,"country":48,"year":13,"amount":10,"abstract":254},"cordis-european-research-council-award-240928","The dynamics and consequences of institutions for collective action in pre-industrial Europe","UNIVERSITEIT UTRECHT","Europe s economic development in the centuries leading up to the Industrial Revolution, continues to fascinate scholars. In recent debates, institutionalised forms of collective action have been put forward as a key feature of Europe s precocious development. This project examines that connection between institutions and economic development in detail. It also harks back to the origins of such institutions, teasing out the impact of changing family patterns that emerged in Western Europe in the ",{"id":256,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":257,"piName":10,"institution":253,"country":48,"year":13,"amount":258,"abstract":259},"cordis-european-research-council-award-259627","From Protist to Proxy:Dinoflagellates as signal carriers for climate and carbon cycling during past and present extreme climate transitions","€1,498,800","I propose to develop and apply a novel method for the integrated reconstruction of past changes in carbon cycling and climate change. This method will be based on combining a well-established sensitive paleoclimate proxy with a recent discovery: the stable carbon isotopic composition (δ13C) of marine dinoflagellates (algae) and their organic fossils (dinocysts) reflects seawater carbonate chemistry, particularly pCO2. Biological (culture) experiments will lead to new insights in dinoflagellate c",{"id":261,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":262,"piName":10,"institution":11,"country":12,"year":13,"amount":263,"abstract":264},"cordis-european-research-council-award-260395","Uncovering the Mechanisms of Endoplasmic Reticulum Sub-Domain Creation and Maintenance","€1,499,999","The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is the cellular organelle that serves as the entry site into the secretory pathway. Although the ER has a single continuous membrane, it is functionally divided into subdomains (SDs). These specialized regions allow the ER to carry out a multitude of functions such as folding, maturation, quality control and export, of all secreted and most membrane bound proteins; lipid biosynthesis; ion homeostasis; and communication with all other organelles. The ER is therefore",{"id":266,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":267,"piName":10,"institution":137,"country":48,"year":13,"amount":268,"abstract":269},"cordis-european-research-council-award-240271","Dynamical imprints of the evolutionary history of the Milky Way","€1,613,680","Galactic Astronomy is entering a new era, driven by state-of-the-art instrumentation and large surveys, and by the dramatic leaps in our understanding of galaxy formation provided by the cosmological LCDM framework. These surveys have shown that the Galaxy is up for discoveries every single month, and have revealed the first footprints of past mergers. This Era will reach its summit when the Gaia mission, scheduled for launch in 2011, provides the much-awaited survey of Galactic phase-space for ",{"id":271,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":272,"piName":10,"institution":137,"country":48,"year":13,"amount":49,"abstract":273},"cordis-european-research-council-award-258942","Unveiling first light from the infant Universe","I request ERC funding to set up a dedicated science team to detect, for the first time, the redshifted 21-cm radio line emission of neutral hydrogen (HI) with LOFAR coming from the first billion years of the age of the Universe (the  Epoch of Reionization  and the  Dark Ages ).The study of this pristine neutral hydrogen gas is a rapidly emerging field of astrophysics, both theoretically and observationally. A number of expert international groups in the US\u002FAustralia (MWA), China (21CMA), India (",{"id":275,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":276,"piName":10,"institution":277,"country":162,"year":13,"amount":278,"abstract":279},"cordis-european-research-council-award-260764","RNA-mediated virulence gene regulation: Identification of novel antibacterial compounds","UMEA UNIVERSITET","€999,996","All kingdoms possess a large fraction of RNA-based regulation. We identified several small non-coding regulatory RNAs (ncRNAs) in the human bacterial pathogen Listeria monocytogenes that controlled virulence by a direct RNA:RNA interaction. My group have also identified several 5´-untranslated RNAs (5´-UTRs) known to control expression of their downstream mRNA by a switch mechanism triggered by certain metabolites, specific compartments of the host or by different temperatures.In the suggested p",{"id":281,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":282,"piName":10,"institution":283,"country":25,"year":13,"amount":284,"abstract":285},"cordis-european-research-council-award-260699","Mechanisms underlying lateral polarity establishment in plant cells","UNIVERSITAET POTSDAM","€1,363,452","Higher plants and animals establish elaborate body plans with one end of the organism being different from another. Polar organisation is also of fundamental importance at the single-cell level, because mutations affecting cell polarity may cause severe body deformations. Hence, cell polarity is a central theme of biological research and much progress has been made towards our understanding of cellular polarisation along the shoot-root (apical-basal) axis of plants. By contrast, how polarity is ",{"id":287,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":288,"piName":10,"institution":289,"country":290,"year":13,"amount":10,"abstract":291},"cordis-european-research-council-award-262873","The economic, social and political consequences of democratic reforms. A quantitative and qualitative comparative analysis","UNIVERSITA DEGLI STUDI DI MILANO","IT","The latter part of the twentieth century was a period of rapid democratisation on a global scale. The attention of comparative politics scholars followed the progression of so-called Third Wave democracies, and gradually progressed from the study of the causes of and the transitions to democracy to the problems of democratic consolidation, and then to more recent issues relating to the  quality  of democracy. A further, frontier step may now be added to such research path by focusing on a subjec",{"id":293,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":294,"piName":10,"institution":295,"country":197,"year":13,"amount":296,"abstract":297},"cordis-european-research-council-award-242597","Sex-biased genome and transcriptome evolution in mammals","UNIVERSITE DE LAUSANNE","€1,901,522","Mammalian males and females have many phenotypic differences. These differences, collectively referred to as sexual dimorphism, are the consequence of natural and sexual selection for phenotypic traits that affect the fitness of each sex and are encoded in the genome. Part of the underlying genomic differences between the sexes are found on sex specific (the Y) or sex biased chromosomes (the X), while many sexually dimorphic traits probably result from autosomal gene expression differences in se",{"id":299,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":300,"piName":10,"institution":295,"country":197,"year":13,"amount":49,"abstract":301},"cordis-european-research-council-award-260493","Geometric control of the cell cycle in the fission yeast","Cell cycle progression is monitored by checkpoints that ensure the fidelity of cell division and prevent unrestricted cell proliferation. Checkpoints also serve to couple cell size with division – a mechanism important to adapt to changing environmental conditions.While most studies on cell size homeostasis have focused on the links between size and biosynthetic activity, we have recently discovered a novel geometry-sensing mechanism by which fission yeast cells couple cell length with entry int",{"id":303,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":304,"piName":10,"institution":305,"country":25,"year":13,"amount":306,"abstract":307},"cordis-european-research-council-award-257137","SL(2,R)-action on flat surfaces and geometry of extremal subvarieties of moduli spaces","JOHANN WOLFGANG GOETHE-UNIVERSITAET FRANKFURT AM MAIN","€1,005,600","Dynamics on polygonal billiard tables is best understood by unfolding the table and studying the resulting flat surface. The moduli space of flat surfaces carries a natural action of SL(2,R) and all the questions about Lie group actions on homogeneous spaces reappear in thisnon-homogeneous setting in an even more interesting way.Closed SL(2,R)-orbits give rise to totally geodesicsubvarieties of the moduli space of curves, calledTeichmueller curves. Their classifcation is a major goal over the co",{"id":309,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":310,"piName":10,"institution":311,"country":211,"year":13,"amount":312,"abstract":313},"cordis-european-research-council-award-243261","Repair Spinal Cord Injury by Controlling Migration of Neural Stem Cells - multidiciplinary approaches of electric stimulation and nanotechnology","CARDIFF UNIVERSITY","€1,759,613","Millions of people worldwide suffer from spinal cord injury (SCI), with devastating consequences and costs. Various clinical approaches have been attempted to treat SCI with little satisfaction due to the limitation of self-regeneration of axons. Neural stem cell transplantation is an alternative approach with great potential to treat SCI, but the mechanisms controlling migration of implanted stem cells are unclear. A recent SCI clinical trial using implanted electric stimulators to promote axon",{"id":315,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":316,"piName":10,"institution":305,"country":25,"year":13,"amount":317,"abstract":318},"cordis-european-research-council-award-243093","Study of the molecular organization of cell junctions by cryo-electron tomography","€1,724,400","Cells sense, affect and respond to their environment through the fundamental function of adhesion. Several types of adhesion sites, which are mediated via dynamically maintained multi-protein structures, anchor extracellular-matrix proteins to the cytoskeleton. Despite considerable efforts, the long-standing questions of how adhesion sites are formed, structured and regulated remain unanswered. In this research plan we will investigate desmosomes and adherens junctions by cryo-electron tomograph",{"id":320,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":321,"piName":10,"institution":322,"country":105,"year":13,"amount":10,"abstract":323},"cordis-european-research-council-award-241111","Consciousness In basic Science And Neurorehabilitation","AARHUS UNIVERSITET","This project studies the topic of human consciousness from a multidisciplinary perspective. Human consciousness can be defined as the inner subjective experience of mental states such as perceptions, judgments, thoughts, intentions to act, feelings or desires. These experiences are to be described from a subjective, phenomenal first-person account. On the other hand, cognitive neurosciences explore the neural correlates with respect to brain topology and brain dynamics from an objective third-pe",{"id":325,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":326,"piName":10,"institution":327,"country":162,"year":13,"amount":328,"abstract":329},"cordis-european-research-council-award-261063","Charting the landscape of brain development by large-scale single-cell transcriptomics and phylogenetic lineage reconstruction","KAROLINSKA INSTITUTET","€1,496,032","Embryogenesis is the temporal unfolding of cellular processes: proliferation, migration, differentiation, morphogenesis, apoptosis and functional specialization. These processes are well understood in specific tissues, and for specific cell types. Nevertheless, our systematic knowledge of the types of cells present in the developing and adult animal, and about their functional and lineage relationships, is limited. For example, there is no consensus on the number of cell types, and many importan",{"id":331,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":332,"piName":10,"institution":327,"country":162,"year":13,"amount":10,"abstract":333},"cordis-european-research-council-award-243066","Single-cell Gene Regulation in Differentiation and Pluripotency","We aim to study transcriptomes with single-cell resolution, a long-standing goal in biology, to answer fundamental questions about gene regulation. The main objective concerns gene regulation during in vivo differentiation and in pluripotent cells by studying single-cells from murine preimplantation embryos, a model system with natural single-cell resolution, important biology and medical potential. This would also allow us to explore general regulatory principles of gene expression programs of ",{"id":335,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":336,"piName":10,"institution":337,"country":290,"year":13,"amount":338,"abstract":339},"cordis-european-research-council-award-241196","Cooperation among strangers: experiments with social norms, institutions, and money","ALMA MATER STUDIORUM - UNIVERSITA DI BOLOGNA","€769,090","We focus on understanding norms, behavioral traits, and institutions that can promote cooperation in societies of strangers. Many economic interactions in modern societies are among anonymous individuals who meet occasionally and do not know each others' history. While cooperation in social dilemma situations among partners is easier to achieve, this project aims to understand what makes mutually advantageous transactions possible among strangers. We employ a rigorous theoretical approach to def",{"id":341,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":342,"piName":10,"institution":343,"country":290,"year":13,"amount":344,"abstract":345},"cordis-european-research-council-award-259014","Patterning the surface of monolayer-protected nanoparticles to obtain intelligent nanodevices","UNIVERSITA DEGLI STUDI DI PADOVA","€1,499,000","While chemical science is still striving in the search for such molecular machinery, real and perfectly working molecular machines have been developed millions of years ago by Nature. When biological systems are considered, one striking feature that emerges is their intrinsic functional simplicity, since only a few building blocks are used to build complex structures. Apparently, what matters is not chemical complexity but the ability to precisely control the spatial arrangement and organization",{"id":347,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":348,"piName":10,"institution":349,"country":131,"year":13,"amount":350,"abstract":351},"cordis-european-research-council-award-258934","Mid-InfraRed Active photonic integrated Circuits for Lifesciences and Environment","UNIVERSITEIT GENT","€1,451,400","My group will explore the new field of photonic integrated circuits for the mid infrared (MIR) wavelength band based on high-index contrast waveguide structures. This research is fueled by the need for compact, integrated solutions for spectroscopic sensor systems in the MIR for biomedical applications and environmental monitoring, since most molecules have  fingerprint  absorption lines in this wavelength range. The project is based on the use of high index contrast group IV waveguide systems. ",{"id":353,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":354,"piName":10,"institution":355,"country":48,"year":13,"amount":356,"abstract":357},"cordis-european-research-council-award-259418","Critical queues and reflected stochastic processes","TECHNISCHE UNIVERSITEIT EINDHOVEN","€970,800","Our primary motivation stems from queueing theory, the branch of applied probability that deals with congestion phenomena. Congestion levels are typically nonnegative, which is why reflected stochastic processes arise naturally in queueing theory. Other applications of reflected stochastic processes are in the fields of branching processes and random graphs.We are particularly interested in critically-loaded queueing systems (close to 100% utilization), also referred to as queues in heavy traffi",{"id":359,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":360,"piName":10,"institution":355,"country":48,"year":13,"amount":49,"abstract":361},"cordis-european-research-council-award-259521","Bubbles on the Cutting Edge","Many processes in the chemical, petrochemical and\u002For biological industries involve three phase gas-liquidsolid flows, where the solid material acts as a catalyst carrier, the gas phase supplies the reactants for the (bio-)chemical transformations and the liquid phase carries the product. In these processes the performance and operation of the reactor is mostly constrained by the interfacial mass transfer rate and the achievable insitu heat removal rate. A micro-structured bubble column reactor t",{"id":363,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":364,"piName":10,"institution":365,"country":197,"year":13,"amount":49,"abstract":366},"cordis-european-research-council-award-260358","Understanding epigenetic mechanisms of complex genome editing in eukaryotes","UNIVERSITAET BERN","The scientific goal of this proposal is to contribute to our understanding of RNA-mediated epigenetic mechanisms of genome regulation in eukaryotes. Choosing ciliated protozoa as model organisms gives a wonderful opportunity to study the incredibly complex epigenetic mechanism of programming large-scale developmental rearrangements of the genome. This involves extensive rearrangements of the germline DNA, including elimination of up to 95% of the genome. The massive DNA rearrangement makes cilia",{"id":368,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":369,"piName":10,"institution":370,"country":162,"year":13,"amount":371,"abstract":372},"cordis-european-research-council-award-258339","Advanced Fluid Research On Drag reduction In Turbulence Experiments","KUNGLIGA TEKNISKA HOEGSKOLAN","€1,418,399","A hot topic in today's debate on global warming is drag reduction in aeronautics. The most beneficial concept for drag reduction is to maintain the major portion of the airfoil laminar. Estimations show that the potential drag reduction can be as much as 15%, which would give a significant reduction of NOx and CO emissions in the atmosphere considering that the number of aircraft take offs, only in the EU, is over 19 million per year. An important element for successful flow control, which can l",{"id":374,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":375,"piName":10,"institution":365,"country":197,"year":13,"amount":376,"abstract":377},"cordis-european-research-council-award-239605","Building the next generation of planet formation models: protoplanetary disks, internal structure, and formation of planetary systems","€1,395,323","The discovery of extra-solar planetary systems with properties so different from those of our own Solar System has overturned our theoretical understanding of how planets and planetary systems form. Indeed, planet formation models have to link observations of two classes of objects: Protoplanetary disk, whose structure and early evolution provide the initial conditions of planets formation, and actual detected planets. The observational knowledge of these two classes of objects will see in the n",{"id":379,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":380,"piName":10,"institution":381,"country":25,"year":13,"amount":382,"abstract":383},"cordis-european-research-council-award-258685","Analysis of optimal sets and optimal constants: old questions and new results","FRIEDRICH-ALEXANDER-UNIVERSITAET ERLANGEN-NUERNBERG","€540,000","The analysis of geometric and functional inequalities naturally leads to consider the extremal cases, thuslooking for optimal sets, or optimal functions, or optimal constants. The most classical examples are the (different versions of the) isoperimetric inequality and the Sobolev-like inequalities. Much is known about equality cases and best constants, but there are still many questions which seem quite natural but yet have no answer. For instance, it is not known, even in the 2-dimensional spac",{"id":385,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":386,"piName":10,"institution":167,"country":94,"year":13,"amount":387,"abstract":388},"cordis-european-research-council-award-258204","Real uniruled manifolds","€932,626","The following list of questions describe the four main directions which I want to develop.1) Topology of real uniruled manifolds.May the connected sum of two closed hyperbolic manifolds of dimension at least three be Lagrangian embedded in a uniruled symplectic manifold? Being able to answer to this question through the negative using the symplectic field theory introduced by Eliashberg-Givental and Hofer requires to understand pseudo-holomorphic curves in the cotangent bundle of such a connecte",{"id":390,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":391,"piName":10,"institution":167,"country":94,"year":13,"amount":392,"abstract":393},"cordis-european-research-council-award-260767","Roles of non-coding RNAs in viral infections in mammals","€1,471,620","The importance of small non-coding RNAs is growing exponentially in modern biology. They have recently emerged as critical regulators of gene expression. Different classes of small RNAs have been defined, and among them micro (mi) RNAs, and small interfering (si) RNAs are the most studied. Viruses interact extensively with the RNA silencing machinery. Thus in plants and insects, they are directly targeted and degraded by Dicer proteins. The situation is more complicated in mammals, where a more ",{"id":395,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":396,"piName":10,"institution":167,"country":94,"year":13,"amount":397,"abstract":398},"cordis-european-research-council-award-242729","Viral metagenomics of human pathologies with unknown etiology","€831,902","While viral infections create an important threat for humanity, our knowledge of the viruses that infect humans is largely incomplete. So far, discovery of new viruses has been limited by the inability to propagate them in cell culture, the lack of serological cross-reactivity, or the absence of conserved genetic element to target by PCR. Thus, numerous acute and chronic diseases with unknown etiology are caused by yet unidentified viruses. Among the highest failure rates in determining the etio",{"id":400,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":401,"piName":10,"institution":167,"country":94,"year":13,"amount":402,"abstract":403},"cordis-european-research-council-award-259705","Dynamics of quasiperiodic type","€1,020,840","This project is dedicated to the study of two distinct classes of dynamical systems which display a quasiperiodic component.The first class consists of quasiperiodic cocycles, and we will largely focus on connections with the spectral theory of quasiperiodic Schrodinger operators.  Up to very recently, our understanding had been mostly restricted to situations where the potential would have some clear characteristics of large or small potentials.  In particular, no genuinely global theory had be",{"id":405,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":406,"piName":10,"institution":167,"country":94,"year":13,"amount":407,"abstract":408},"cordis-european-research-council-award-239748","Geometric control methods for heat and Schroedinger equations","€785,000","The aim of this project of 5 years is to create a research group on geometric control methods in PDEs with the arrival of the PI at the CNRS Laboratoire CMAP (Centre de Mathematiques Appliquees) of the Ecole Polytechnique in Paris (in January 09). With the ERC-Starting Grant, the PI plans to hire 4 post-doc fellows, 2 PhD students and also to organize advanced research schools and workshops. One of the main purpose of this project is to facilitate the collaboration with my research group which i",{"id":410,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":411,"piName":10,"institution":167,"country":94,"year":13,"amount":412,"abstract":413},"cordis-european-research-council-award-257099","Information Transfer through Self-organization Processes in Systems Chemistry","€1,494,075","Today, one of the greatest challenges facing physics, chemistry, and (bio)materials science, is to precisely design molecules so as to program their spontaneous  bottom-up  assembly into functional nano-objects and materials, based on recognition and self-organization processes. Beyond that, in order to reach higher-performing new materials and to bridge the gap between materials science and life science, it appears essential to bring together both multiple responsive levels of hierarchical orga",{"id":415,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":416,"piName":10,"institution":167,"country":94,"year":13,"amount":417,"abstract":418},"cordis-european-research-council-award-258657","Rock Hyrax Middens and Climate Change in Southern Africa during the last 50,000 years","€1,484,046","In stark contrast to the abundance of high quality palaeoenvironmental records obtained from the temperate regions of the northern hemisphere, terrestrial palaeoenvironmental information from southern Africa's drylands comes from discontinuous deposits with poor absolute age control and ambiguous palaeoclimatic significance. Confronted with the possibility of future environmental and social disruption as a result of climate change, the need for reliable records from southern Africa has never bee",{"id":420,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":421,"piName":10,"institution":167,"country":94,"year":13,"amount":422,"abstract":423},"cordis-european-research-council-award-259033","Novel Out-of-Equilibrium Spectroscopy Techniques to Explore and Control Quantum Phenomena in Nanocircuits","€1,454,400","We plan to develop and make use of novel out-of-equilibrium spectroscopy techniques that give access to energy transfers inelectronic nanocircuits. The unveiled information will be used to investigate promising quantum phenomena and to explore newroutes to control the mechanisms that limit their potentialities for nanoelectronics.The proposals backbone is the spectroscopy of the fundamental electronic states energy distribution function f(E) that wedemonstrated this fall 2009: by using a quantum",{"id":425,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":426,"piName":10,"institution":167,"country":94,"year":13,"amount":427,"abstract":428},"cordis-european-research-council-award-258023","Mathematics and Numerics of Infinite Quantum Systems","€905,700","The purpose of the project is to study linear and nonlinear models arising in quantum mechanics and which are used to describematter at the microscopic and nanoscopic scales. The project focuses on physically-oriented questions (rigorous derivation of agiven model from first principles), analytic problems (existence and properties of bound states, study of solutions to timedependentequations) and numerical issues (development of reliable algorithmic strategies). Most of the models are nonlinear ",{"id":430,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":431,"piName":10,"institution":167,"country":94,"year":13,"amount":432,"abstract":433},"cordis-european-research-council-award-263361","Imperial Government and Authority in Medieval Western Islam","€1,272,620","My project is to write a new history of the Almohad Empire (1130-1269). This local dynasty of Berber origins ruled simultaneously over South and North of the Western Mediterranean. For the first time in history, the whole  Maghreb  was united under an indigenous authority. This unique historical period witnessed very important process, the political and religious separation from the East through  Mahdism , and the nearly successful transfer of Islamic prophetic authority from the Arabic core to ",{"id":435,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":436,"piName":10,"institution":167,"country":94,"year":13,"amount":437,"abstract":438},"cordis-european-research-council-award-258593","New Strategies for Controlling Polymer Sequences","€1,200,000","Sequence-controlled polymerizations play a key role in Nature. Although formed from a rather modest library of monomers, sequence-defined macromolecules such as proteins or nucleic acids are largely responsible for the complexity and diversity of the biological world. By analogy, one may predict that synthetic sequence-defined polymers could play an important role in modern applied materials science. Paradoxically, very little effort has been spent within the last decades for developing sequence",{"id":440,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":441,"piName":10,"institution":167,"country":94,"year":13,"amount":10,"abstract":442},"cordis-european-research-council-award-259118","TOPOLOGY OF STEIN MANIFOLDS","The goal of this project is to study the topology of Stein manifolds from the viewpoint of symplectic and contact geometry. It addresses the fundamental questions of the subject: - How does the Lagrangian skeleton of a Stein manifold determine the Stein structure? - To what extent the study of Stein structures can be reduced to a combinatorial study of the skeleton? - How are the symplectic invariants of Stein manifolds, respectively the contact invariants of their boundary, determined by the sk",{"id":444,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":445,"piName":10,"institution":167,"country":94,"year":13,"amount":446,"abstract":447},"cordis-european-research-council-award-243179","Balancing selection and the molecular evolution of mimicry supergenes","€760,726","How genome organisation and architecture respond to variations in selection regimes is indeed poorly known at the microevolutionary scale. Supergenes are tight clusters of genes which simultaneously control the variation of various components of a complex trait, involving elements with different ontology1-4. Supergenes typically evolve in response to strong epistatic selection between neighbouring genes. They are usually maintained by some form of balancing selection, but the modalities of their",{"id":449,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":450,"piName":10,"institution":167,"country":94,"year":13,"amount":451,"abstract":452},"cordis-european-research-council-award-258521","Many-body physics in gauge fields with ultracold Ytterbium atoms in optical lattices","€1,099,913","In this project, we will investigate the many-body physics of interacting ultracold atoms in presence of strong gauge fields. The practical implementation will use Ytterbium atoms in optical lattices. We will use two atoms in two internal states- the ground state and a long-lived excited state- trapped in suitably designed state-dependent lattice potentials. Coherent coupling between the two states will be used to ``write'' a spatially-dependent phase on the atomic wavefunction, which under suit",{"id":454,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":455,"piName":10,"institution":167,"country":94,"year":13,"amount":456,"abstract":457},"cordis-european-research-council-award-260742","Initiating and interfering with silencing of transposons","€1,490,876","There is no living organism that does not contain transposons, and they make up a significant fraction, and in some instances, the vast majority of the genome in a given species. Owing to their proliferation propensity, these mobile genetic elements can create genetic variability providing selective benefits, but they also have a mutagenic potential. Therefore, host genomes have evolved epigenetic surveillance mechanisms to recognize and silence transposons. If maintenance of silencing is rather",{"id":459,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":460,"piName":10,"institution":167,"country":94,"year":13,"amount":461,"abstract":462},"cordis-european-research-council-award-257638","Periods in Algebraic Geometry and Physics","€1,068,540","Periods are the integrals of algebraic differential forms over domains defined by polynomial inequalities, and are ubiquitous in mathematics and physics. One of the simplest classes of periods are given by multiple zeta values, which are the periods of moduli spaces M_{0,n} of curves of genus zero. They have recently undergone a huge revival of interest, and occur in number theory, the theory of mixed Tate motives, knot invariants, quantum groups, deformation quantization and many more branches ",{"id":464,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":465,"piName":10,"institution":167,"country":94,"year":13,"amount":10,"abstract":466},"cordis-european-research-council-award-260906","Telomeres: from the DNA end replication problem to the control of cell proliferation","Linear chromosomes of eukaryotes end with telomeres that ensure their stability. Because of the inability of semi-conservative DNA replication machinery to fully replicate DNA ends, telomeres require dedicated mechanisms to be duplicated and their length is eroded at each cell division. For this reason, telomeres constitute molecular clocks that determine cell proliferation potential in eukaryotes. Strikingly, we have shown recently that it is the shortest telomere in the cell that determines th",{"id":468,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":469,"piName":10,"institution":167,"country":94,"year":13,"amount":470,"abstract":471},"cordis-european-research-council-award-259612","Quark-Gluon Plasma through dilepton studies with the CMS experiment at the Large Hadron Collider","€1,133,600","This proposal aims at consolidating a Quark-Gluon Plasma research team recently founded by Raphaël Granier de Cassagnac, the Principal Investigator (PI) of this proposal, at the Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet (LLR).The PI has a deep experience of heavy-ions physics, working since 9 years in the PHENIX collaboration of the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider. His recognized activities already propelled him soon after having joined the CMS collaboration at the Large Hadron Collider, as convener of the w",{"id":473,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":474,"piName":10,"institution":167,"country":94,"year":13,"amount":475,"abstract":476},"cordis-european-research-council-award-258608","Quantum Degeneracy at Hand","€1,488,307","Microcavity polaritons are half-light, half-matter composite bosons, which are formed in monolithic semiconductor microcavities of the proper design. Recently, Bose-Einstein condensation of polaritons has been reported, that constitutes a new class of quantum fluid out of equilibrium. Unlike cold atoms, superfluid Helium or superconductors, polaritons are in a driven-dissipative situation, and their mass amounts only to a negligible fraction of an electrons’. This unusual situation has already r",{"id":478,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":479,"piName":10,"institution":167,"country":94,"year":13,"amount":480,"abstract":481},"cordis-european-research-council-award-259068","On-chip memristive artificial nano-synapses and neural networks","€1,495,803","These last fifty years have seen Von Neumann computing architectures boom. Nevertheless, even the most powerful digital computers cannot rapidly solve apparently simple problems such as image interpretation. However, because its structure ismassively parallel and analog, the human brain is able to perform such tasks in a fraction of second. Neuromorphic circuits allow to go beyond conventional digital architectures. An on-chip implementation of these circuits requires to be able to fabricate nan",{"id":483,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":484,"piName":10,"institution":167,"country":94,"year":13,"amount":485,"abstract":486},"cordis-european-research-council-award-257110","Random walks and Growth of Groups","€856,320","The goal of this project is to study random walks on groups, with the focus on boundary theory. We plan to establish new criteria for estimates of the entropy and Poisson-Furstenberg boundary triviality and apply this method to study the following question: which groups admit simple random walks with trivial boundary? In particular, we want to produce a classification for classes ofsolvable groups, more generally elementary amenable groups, and groups acting on rooted trees. We plan to make a co",{"id":488,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":489,"piName":10,"institution":167,"country":94,"year":13,"amount":490,"abstract":491},"cordis-european-research-council-award-241077","Pro- and Re-active cognitive control","€1,997,020","Keeping our behavior adapted to an ever changing environment requires that we constantly adjust information processing. Such adaptation is often considered to require control processes. Adaptive mechanisms can react to an encountered challenge in the environment (reactive control), or can anticipate such potential problems in order to avoid them (proactive control ). The goals of the present project are to better 1) characterize the interplay between pro and reactive control, 2) understand how s",{"id":493,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":494,"piName":10,"institution":167,"country":94,"year":13,"amount":495,"abstract":496},"cordis-european-research-council-award-258537","Exploring the isotopic dimension of the global mercury cycle","€1,176,924","Mass-independent fractionation (MIF) of isotopes in terrestrial geochemical processes was first observed in 1983 for oxygen and in 2000 for sulfur isotopes. Recently mercury (Hg) was added to this shortlist when isotopic anomalies were observed for Hg s two odd isotopes, 199Hg and 201Hg in biological tissues. The objective of the MERCURY ISOTOPES project is to take Hg MIF beyond the initial discovery, and use it to address major outstanding scientific questions of societal and philosophical inte",{"id":498,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":499,"piName":10,"institution":500,"country":94,"year":13,"amount":501,"abstract":502},"cordis-european-research-council-award-263274","Old Pious Vernacular Successes: best-selling vernacular religious literature in medieval Europe (1230-1450)","UNIVERSITE DE PARIS-SORBONNE (PARIS IV)","€1,234,072","The OPVS project challenges previous studies by resorting to the medieval readers  perspective in order to rank medieval Europe s  bestselling  vernacular religious texts: we shall focus on successful texts with voluminous manuscript traditions, taking into account the most popular ones, extant in over 60 copies. All were written (or translated) in French, English or German: texts composed in other vernacular languages were not so widely disseminated.These manuscripts will bear testimony as to h",{"id":504,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":505,"piName":10,"institution":506,"country":211,"year":13,"amount":507,"abstract":508},"cordis-european-research-council-award-259385","Classes of combinatorial objects: from structure to algorithms","UNIVERSITY OF WARWICK","€849,000","The proposed project aims at analyzing fundamental problems from combinatorics using the most current methods available and at providing new structural and algorithmic insights to such problems. The problems considered will be treated on a general level of classes of combinatorial objects of the same kind and the developed general methods will also be applied to specific open problems. Classes of dense and sparse objects will be treated using different techniques. Dense combinatorial objects app",{"id":510,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":511,"piName":10,"institution":512,"country":513,"year":13,"amount":514,"abstract":515},"cordis-european-research-council-award-260997","Canine models of human psychiatric disease: identifying novel anxiety genes with the help of man's best friend","HELSINGIN YLIOPISTO","FI","€1,381,807","Anxiety disorders include different forms of pathological fear and anxiety and rank among the most common health concerns in human medicine. Millions of people become affected every year, and many of them do not respond to treatments.  Anxiety disorders are heritable, but genetically complex.  As a result, traditional gene mapping methods in the human population with prominent locus and allelic heterogeneity have not succeeded. Similarly, rodents have provided some insights into the circuitry of",{"id":517,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":518,"piName":10,"institution":519,"country":94,"year":13,"amount":49,"abstract":520},"cordis-european-research-council-award-260787","Unveiling the Roles of Chromatin Insulators in Higher-order Chromatin Architecture and Transcription Regulation one molecule at a time","INSTITUT NATIONAL DE LA SANTE ET DE LA RECHERCHE MEDICALE","Eukaryotic chromosomes are condensed into several hierarchical levels of complexity: DNA is wrapped around core histones to form nucleosomes, nucleosomes form a higher-order structure called chromatin, and chromatin is subsequently organized by long-range contacts. The conformation of chromatin at these three levels greatly influences DNA transcription. One class of chromatin regulatory proteins called insulator factors set up boundaries between heterochromatin and euchromatin and generate long-",{"id":522,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":523,"piName":10,"institution":519,"country":94,"year":13,"amount":524,"abstract":525},"cordis-european-research-council-award-242934","The role of heterochromatin enzymes on the biology of their targets","€1,707,500","The control of DNA based processes in biology is crucial for an organism s life, development, reproduction and evolution. In fact, deregulation of gene expression, of the replication program, of DNA repair or recombination has often disastrous consequences. The eukaryotic genome is structurally and functionally organized into chromatin by a highly complex mixture of proteins that control access to the DNA. In particular, heterochromatin proteins play a prominent role in this control. Genetics, b",{"id":527,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":528,"piName":10,"institution":519,"country":94,"year":13,"amount":529,"abstract":530},"cordis-european-research-council-award-243312","Mechanisms of retrotransposition in humans and consequences on cancer genomic plasticity","€1,874,000","Retrotransposons are a class of highly repetitive sequences, which are very abundant in the human genome. They disperse by an RNA-based copy-and-paste mechanism, called retrotransposition. This process can drive profound genome rearrangements. Although generally silent, they are expressed in germ cells, in the early embryo, and in embryonic stem cells, which occasionally results in genetic diseases. Retrotransposons are also massively re-expressed in the large majority of cancers, but the import",{"id":532,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":533,"piName":10,"institution":519,"country":94,"year":13,"amount":534,"abstract":535},"cordis-european-research-council-award-260901","A Chemical Genomics Approach of  Intracellular Mycobacterium tuberculosis Towards Defining Specific Host Pathogen Interactions","€1,982,371","Tuberculosis, caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis is still a major threat to global health. Because the treatment of an infected individual requires more than six months of chemotherapy, compliance is low, which can result in the development of multidrug resistant (MDR-TB) strains. New drugs and new targets are needed to combat MDR-TB. A critical feature of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacillus is its ability to survive and even replicate within macrophages, making these host cells an ideal n",{"id":537,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":538,"piName":10,"institution":519,"country":94,"year":13,"amount":539,"abstract":540},"cordis-european-research-council-award-260753","TARGETING TUMOUR ASSOCIATED MACROPHAGES IN CANCER","€1,499,222","There is increasing evidence that the body s ability to mount an immune response to cancer cells may dictate which patients are cured of cancer by conventional therapy. Macrophages have a central role in both innate and adaptive immunity; both human and experimental cancers become infiltrated by macrophages, however tumour-associated macrophages (TAM) are corrupted by the tumour microenvironment to promote survival, invasion and metastasis of cancer cells. TAM also contribute to immune-suppressi",{"id":542,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":543,"piName":10,"institution":544,"country":162,"year":13,"amount":545,"abstract":546},"cordis-european-research-council-award-241161","Intergenerational correlations of schooling, income and health: an investigation of the underlying mechanisms","UPPSALA UNIVERSITET","€631,600","The objective of this project is to use rich Swedish registry data to learn about mechanisms behind intergenerational correlations. Typically, considerably effort has been spent on estimating correlations between outcome variables, such as education and income, for parents and children. However, the estimated correlations are driven by the causal effect of the parental variable of interest as well as unobservable factors such as other family background related variables and a part that is due to",{"id":548,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":549,"piName":10,"institution":544,"country":162,"year":13,"amount":550,"abstract":551},"cordis-european-research-council-award-260885","Aging Differently: Understanding Sex Differences in Reproductive, Demographic and Functional Senescence","€1,391,904","Sex differences in life span and aging are ubiquitous across the animal kingdom and represent along-standing challenge in evolutionary biology. In most species, including humans, sexes differ notonly in how long they live and when they start to senesce, but also in how they react toenvironmental interventions aimed at prolonging their life span or decelerating the onset of aging.Therefore, sex differences in life span and aging have important implications beyond the questionsposed by fundamental",{"id":553,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":554,"piName":10,"institution":544,"country":162,"year":13,"amount":555,"abstract":556},"cordis-european-research-council-award-242829","Individual differences in Collective Animal Behaviour","€977,768","One of the key challenges in scientific research is to link together our understanding of different levels of biological organisation. This challenge is fundamental to the scientific endeavour: from understand how genes interact to drive the cell, to how cells interact to form organisms, up to how organisms interact to form groups and societies. My own and the research of others has addressed this question in the context of the collective behaviour of animals. Mathematical models of complex syst",{"id":558,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":559,"piName":10,"institution":560,"country":94,"year":13,"amount":561,"abstract":562},"cordis-european-research-council-award-242852","Maturation of functional cortical GABAergic microcircuits","UNIVERSITE D'AIX MARSEILLE","€1,591,300","Cortical network function is strongly modulated by the action of GABA interneurons. Understanding the role of different types of interneurons in the generation of network patterns is thus essential. Developmental neurobiology offers both conceptual and experimental tools to address this question. Our research is centred on the integration of GABAergic microcircuits into a functional network during brain development. To describe cortical networks at the scale of microcircuits, we have developed a",{"id":564,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":565,"piName":10,"institution":566,"country":290,"year":13,"amount":567,"abstract":568},"cordis-european-research-council-award-257126","Empirical analysis and theoretical modelling of self-organized collective behaviour in three-dimensions: from insect swarms and bird flocks to new schemes of distributed coordination","CONSIGLIO NAZIONALE DELLE RICERCHE","€1,124,000","Animal groups represent paradigmatic cases of self-organized collective behaviour, where global coordination arises from local rules of interaction between individuals. A major issue, both for theoretical studies and technological applications, is to understand how self-organization emerges within a system with distributed intelligence.SWARM aims at providing new knowledge about self-organization and collective behaviour in 3D animal aggregations. To do that, SWARM will export concepts and metho",{"id":570,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":571,"piName":10,"institution":572,"country":573,"year":13,"amount":574,"abstract":575},"cordis-european-research-council-award-241098","Plurals, Predicates, and Paradox: Towards a Type-Free Account","UNIVERSITETET I OSLO","NO","€940,655","This project aims to transform our understanding of the logical paradoxes, their solution and significance for mathematics, philosophy and semantics. It seeks to show that some of the key inferences in the paradoxes should not uncritically be blocked, as is customary, but rather be tamed and put to valuable mathematical, philosophical and semantic use. By adopting a richer logical framework than usual, the paradoxes can be transformed from threats to valuable sources of insight. When discovered ",{"id":577,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":578,"piName":10,"institution":579,"country":211,"year":13,"amount":580,"abstract":581},"cordis-european-research-council-award-240672","Capitalizing on Gravitational Shear","THE UNIVERSITY OF MANCHESTER","€1,400,000","Our Universe appears to be filled with mysterious ingredients: 25 per cent appears to be dark matter, perhaps an as-yet undiscovered particle, and 70 per cent seems to be a bizarre fluid, dubbed dark energy, for which there is no satisfactory theory. Solving the dark energy problem is the most pressing question in cosmology today. It is possible that dark energy does not exist at all, and instead Einstein s theory of General Relativity is flawed. Cosmologists hope to measure the properties of th",{"id":583,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":584,"piName":10,"institution":585,"country":586,"year":13,"amount":587,"abstract":588},"cordis-european-research-council-award-243118","Development of super-wheat crops by introgressing agronomic traits from related wild species","AGENCIA ESTATAL CONSEJO SUPERIOR DE INVESTIGACIONES CIENTIFICAS","ES","€600,000","Wheat is one of the most important food crops in the world and understanding its genetics and genome organisation is of great value for genetics and plant breeding purposes. Despite is genome complexity (polyploidy), hexaploid and tetraploid wheats behave as diploids during meiosis. This means that each chromosome only recognises its identical (homologue) to pair and not the related chromosomes (homeologues). There are several pairing homologous (Ph) genes controlling chromosome pairing in wheat",{"id":590,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":591,"piName":10,"institution":585,"country":586,"year":13,"amount":592,"abstract":593},"cordis-european-research-council-award-240497","Nano-engineered high performance Thermoelectric Energy Conversion devices","€1,228,000","Providing a sustainable supply of energy to the world s population will become a major societal problem for the 21st century. Thermoelectric materials, whose combination of thermal, electrical, and semiconducting properties, allows them to convert waste heat into electricity, are expected to play an increasingly important role in meeting the energy challenge of the future. Recent work on the theory of thermoelectric devices has led to the expectation that their performance could be enhanced if t",{"id":595,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":596,"piName":10,"institution":585,"country":586,"year":13,"amount":597,"abstract":598},"cordis-european-research-council-award-242834","Rewiring cortical areas through thalamocortical inputs","€1,478,400","Research into neuroplasticity has expanded rapidly over the past ten years and it has revealed the remarkable capacity of environmental inputs to shape both the juvenile and adult brain. Behavioural, electrophysiological and neuroimaging studies in deaf and blind humans have provided convincing evidence that alteration of cortical organization is correlated with enhanced capabilities of the spared modalities. What is the identity of the brain systems that are modified and what are the mechanisms",{"id":600,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":601,"piName":10,"institution":585,"country":586,"year":13,"amount":602,"abstract":603},"cordis-european-research-council-award-256997","Noncommutative Calderón-Zygmund theory, operator space geometry and quantum probability","€1,090,925","Von Neumann's concept of quantization goes back to the foundations of quantum mechanicsand provides a noncommutative model of integration. Over the years, von Neumann algebrashave shown a profound structure and set the right framework for quantizing portions of algebra,analysis, geometry and probability. A fundamental part of my research is devoted to develop avery much expected Calderón-Zygmund theory for von Neumann algebras. The lack of naturalmetrics partly justifies this long standing gap i",{"id":605,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":606,"piName":10,"institution":585,"country":586,"year":13,"amount":437,"abstract":607},"cordis-european-research-council-award-263036","Reassessing the Roles of Women as Makers of Medieval Art and Architecture","This study addresses the question of medieval women's participation in the production and consumption of art and architecture. As patrons and facilitators, producers and artists, owners and recipients, women's overall involvement in the process is investigated within specific social and political contexts, examining interactions and collaborations (or confrontations) with men. A new point of departure will be to refocus on the terminology used in the Middle Ages, particularly the verb 'to make'.",{"id":609,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":610,"piName":10,"institution":611,"country":211,"year":13,"amount":612,"abstract":613},"cordis-european-research-council-award-258990","Photoinduced Chemistry: Development and Application of Computational Methods for New Understanding","HERIOT-WATT UNIVERSITY","€1,319,728","The interaction of light and matter gives rise to a multitude of important and fascinating phenomena.Computational studies of excited states are vital to further our basic understanding of these processes, anddesign and optimise new processes for particular applications. However, the computational chemistry ofexcited states gives rise to many challenging features, including differential static and dynamic correlationeffects, which can often be difficult to separate. Furthermore, regions of non-a",{"id":615,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":616,"piName":10,"institution":137,"country":48,"year":13,"amount":617,"abstract":618},"cordis-european-research-council-award-242293","Bridging Between Organocatalysis and Biocatalysis: The Powerful Enamine Mechanism of Organocatalysts Engineered into the Tautomerase Superfamily Scaffold","€2,000,000","Proline and related secondary amines were found to be efficient organocatalysts of aldol, alkylation, Michael addition, and other challenging bond-forming reactions. The design of even more efficient systems that would allow extending this remarkable catalytic strategy to a useful and environmentally benign synthetic methodology would be highly desirable. This proposal aims to develop a new class of biocatalysts that use the powerful proline-based enamine mechanism of organocatalysts but that ta",{"id":620,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":621,"piName":10,"institution":622,"country":211,"year":13,"amount":10,"abstract":623},"cordis-european-research-council-award-260688","sRNA regulatory networks","THE CHANCELLOR MASTERS AND SCHOLARS OF THE UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE","MicroRNAs (miRNAs), a large class of ~22 nucleotide non-coding RNAs (sRNAs) found in many plants and animals act to post-transcriptionally regulate gene expression. Approximately 3% of all known human genes encode miRNAs. Important functions for miRNAs in development, physiology and disease are emerging.Here we propose to identify and characterize miRNA genetic networks by combining forward and reverse genetic approaches, experimental target identification, quantitative cell biology and computat",{"id":625,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":626,"piName":10,"institution":627,"country":197,"year":13,"amount":628,"abstract":626},"cordis-european-research-council-award-258697","Ultrafast Spectroscopic Electron Diffraction (USED) of quantum solids and thin films","ECOLE POLYTECHNIQUE FEDERALE DE LAUSANNE","€1,464,000",{"id":630,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":631,"piName":10,"institution":632,"country":105,"year":13,"amount":633,"abstract":634},"cordis-european-research-council-award-240795","Cause of Death Contribution to Longevity: Modeling Time Trends","SYDDANSK UNIVERSITET","€300,380","Since the mid-nineteen century life expectancy in developed countries has doubled, increasing from levels around 40 years to above 80 years. This research project is motivated by the need to further explore how societies have achieved the current levels of longevity, in terms of life expectancy and modal age at death. To achieve this, age-patterns and time-trends in cause of death contribution to longevity are assessed. This historical analysis is carried out in fifty developed and developing co",{"id":636,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":637,"piName":10,"institution":104,"country":105,"year":13,"amount":263,"abstract":638},"cordis-european-research-council-award-258806","Chemical Control of Heating and Cooling in Molecular Junctions: Optimizing Function and Stability","Nanoscale systems binding single molecules, or small numbers of molecules, in conducting junctions show considerable promise for a range of technological applications, from photovoltaics to rectifiers to sensors. These environments differ significantly from the traditional domain of chemical studies involving molecules in solution and the gas phase, necessitating renewed efforts to understand the physical properties of these systems. The objective of this proposal concerns one particular class o",{"id":640,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":641,"piName":10,"institution":642,"country":94,"year":13,"amount":643,"abstract":644},"cordis-european-research-council-award-243359","Decoding the complexity of quantitative natural variation in Arabidopsis thaliana","INSTITUT NATIONAL DE RECHERCHE POUR L'AGRICULTURE, L'ALIMENTATION ET L'ENVIRONNEMENT","€1,742,113","Following a long history of quantitative genetics in crop plants, it now becomes feasible to use naturally-occuring variation contained in Arabidopsis thaliana accessions (lines isolated from natural populations) as the source of quantitative genomics approaches, designed to map QTLs and resolve them at the gene level. Apart from being able to exploit in multiple genetic backgrounds allelic variation that cannot be easily generated by conventional mutagenesis, the (relatively few) success of the",{"id":646,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":647,"piName":10,"institution":648,"country":211,"year":13,"amount":649,"abstract":650},"cordis-european-research-council-award-240185","Fine Observations of the Rate of Cosmic Expansion: Combining the powers of Weak Gravitational Lensing and Baryon Acoustic Oscillations as Probes of Dark Energy","THE UNIVERSITY OF EDINBURGH","€1,258,797","I propose to combine state-of-the-art observations of weak gravitational lensing and baryon acoustic oscillations to answer one fundamental question; is the accelerating expansion of our Universe caused by dark energy, or is it a manifestation of beyond-Einstein gravity theories, as might arise if the Universe has more dimensions? This frontier research will have a wide ranging impact as is it believed that understanding the dark energy phenomenon will revolutionize our understanding of Physics ",{"id":652,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":653,"piName":10,"institution":648,"country":211,"year":13,"amount":654,"abstract":655},"cordis-european-research-council-award-261075","Dissection of molecular signature transformation during the process of pluripotency induction","€1,359,000","Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) are expected to have an enormous impact on medical research. However, the efficiency of reprogramming is still low and far from routine. Nevertheless, reprogramming with defined factors, Oct4, Sox2, Klf4 and c-Myc, is not a random event. Cells positive for SSEA-1, a marker of undifferentiated mouse ES cells (ESC), appear from cells which have lost the fibroblast marker Thy-1, prior to acquiring other pluripotent markers, e.g. Oct4, Nanog. Similarly, TRA-1-6",{"id":657,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":658,"piName":10,"institution":659,"country":586,"year":13,"amount":660,"abstract":661},"cordis-european-research-council-award-242993","Physical Forces Driving Collective Cell Migration: from Genes to Mechanism","FUNDACIO INSTITUT DE BIOENGINYERIA DE CATALUNYA","€1,749,745","Fundamental biological processes including morphogenesis, tissue repair, and tumour metastasis require collective cell motions, and to drive these motions cells exert traction forces on their surroundings. The mechanisms underlying this basic principle of health and disease have been debated intensively and, using a variety of methods in vivo, in vitro, and in silico, much conflicting evidence has accumulated. This conflicting evidence has been in every case indirect or inferential, however, bec",{"id":663,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":664,"piName":10,"institution":665,"country":211,"year":13,"amount":10,"abstract":666},"cordis-european-research-council-award-240324","Proteomimetic Foldamers: Towards Future Therapeutics and Designer Enzymes","UNIVERSITY OF LEEDS","The purpose of this project is to develop a RULE-BASED APPROACH for the design and synthesis of proteomimetics of the alpha-helix and in doing so establish to what extent the structural and functional role of the alpha-helix can be reproduced with non-natural molecules in a PREDICTABLE manner We will focus on developing aromatic oligoamide proteomimetics (compounds that mimic the secondary structure from which they are derived) of one of the dominant secondary structural motifs observed in prote",{"id":668,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":669,"piName":10,"institution":670,"country":25,"year":13,"amount":10,"abstract":671},"cordis-european-research-council-award-257543","Desert Storms - Towards an Improved Representation of Meteorological Processes in Models of Mineral Dust Emission","KARLSRUHER INSTITUT FUER TECHNOLOGIE","This project aims at revolutionizing the way the emission of mineral dust from natural soils is treated in numerical models of the Earth system. Dust significantly affects weather and climate through its influences on radiation, cloud microphysics, atmospheric chemistry and the carbon cycle via the fertilization of ecosystems. To date, quantitative estimates of dust emission and deposition are highly uncertain. This is largely due to the strongly nonlinear dependence of emissions on peak winds, ",{"id":673,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":674,"piName":10,"institution":675,"country":88,"year":13,"amount":676,"abstract":677},"cordis-european-research-council-award-239962","The Parameterized Complexity of Reasoning Problems","TECHNISCHE UNIVERSITAET WIEN","€1,421,130","Reasoning, to derive conclusions from facts, is a fundamental task in Artificial Intelligence, arising in a wide range of applications from Robotics to Expert Systems. The aim of this project is to devise new efficient algorithms for real-world reasoning problems and to get new insights into the question of what makes a reasoning problem hard, and what makes it easy. As key to novel and groundbreaking results we propose to study reasoning problems within the framework of Parameterized Complexity",{"id":679,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":680,"piName":10,"institution":675,"country":88,"year":13,"amount":681,"abstract":682},"cordis-european-research-council-award-258603","Nuclear Atomic Clock","€1,245,884","Atoms, as building blocks of nature, consist of an atomic nucleus and the electron shell. Both systems are governed by similar laws and forces. However, the required energies to create changes in the nucleus or the electron shell differ by many orders of magnitudes. This reflects in largely different tools and methods used for their investigation: atomic physics probes the electron shell mainly by means of lasers. Nuclear physicists create excitations at high energies using particle accelerators",{"id":684,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":685,"piName":10,"institution":675,"country":88,"year":13,"amount":686,"abstract":687},"cordis-european-research-council-award-257023","Multiscale poro-micromechanics of bone materials, with links to biology and medicine","€1,493,399","Modern computational engineering science allows for reliable design of the most breathtaking high-rise buildings, but it has hardly entered the fracture risk assessment of biological structures like bones. Is it only an engineering scientist's dream to decipher mathematically the origins and the evolution of the astonishingly varying mechanical properties of hierarchical biological materials? Not quite: By means of micromechanical theories, we could recently show in a quantitative fashion how un",{"id":689,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":690,"piName":10,"institution":173,"country":25,"year":13,"amount":691,"abstract":692},"cordis-european-research-council-award-240864","The social fabric of virtual life: A longitudinal multi-method study on the social foundations of online gaming","€1,840,200","Online games have developed into mainstream entertainment: a growing number of gamers communicate and interact in virtual worlds - and spend a good part of their spare time there. However, research has yet to adequately acknowledge this socio-cultural shift toward the mainstream: psychological 'effects' studies and anecdotal case descriptions remain the dominant approaches. The proposed research programme follows a different approach, focusing on the social foundations of online gaming in a holi",{"id":694,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":695,"piName":10,"institution":622,"country":211,"year":13,"amount":696,"abstract":697},"cordis-european-research-council-award-259619","Solar cells at the nanoscale: imaging active photoelectrodes in the transmission electron microscope","€1,381,541","The exploitation of renewable sources of energy is one of the biggest challenges of our time, with wide ranging implications in both Science and Society. The new generation of dye-sensitized solar cells and hybrid polymer-inorganic solar cells represents one of the most exciting developments in this field. These promising devices based on photoactive nanomaterials can be produced at low cost, but they have an overall power conversion efficiency of 10-12%, attributed to short charge carrier recom",{"id":699,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":700,"piName":10,"institution":622,"country":211,"year":13,"amount":701,"abstract":702},"cordis-european-research-council-award-240446","Actuation of Ferromagnetic Fibre Networks to improve Implant Longevity","€1,442,756","This proposal is for an exploratory study into a radical new approach to the problem of orthopaedic implant loosening. Such loosening commonly occurs because the joint between the implant and the surrounding bone is insufficiently strong and durable. It is a serious problem both for implants cemented to the bone and for those dependent on bone in-growth into a rough\u002Fporous implant surface. In the latter case, the main problem is commonly that bone in-growth is insufficiently rapid or deep for a ",{"id":704,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":705,"piName":10,"institution":622,"country":211,"year":13,"amount":49,"abstract":706},"cordis-european-research-council-award-260511","SEcreted Membrane vesicles: role in the therapeutic plasticity of neural StEM cells","Compelling evidence exists that somatic stem cell-based therapies protect the central nervous system from chronic inflammation-driven degeneration, such as that occurring in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis and stroke. It was first assumed that stem cells directly replace lost\u002Fdamaged cells, but it has now become clear that they are able to protect the damaged nervous system through mechanisms other than cell replacement. In immune-mediated experimental demyelination and stroke we have ",{"id":708,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":709,"piName":10,"institution":622,"country":211,"year":13,"amount":710,"abstract":711},"cordis-european-research-council-award-259620","Advanced Lagrangian Optimization, Receptivity and Sensitivity analysis applied to industrial situations","€1,301,196","In the last ten years there has been a surge of interest in non-modal analysis applied to canonical problems in fundamental fluid mechanics. Even in simple flows, the stability behaviour predicted by non-modal analysis can be completely different from   and far more accurate than   that predicted by conventional eigenvalue analysis.As well as being more accurate, the tools of non-modal analysis, such as Lagrangian optimization, are very versatile. Furthermore, the outputs, such as receptivity an",{"id":713,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":714,"piName":10,"institution":622,"country":211,"year":13,"amount":715,"abstract":716},"cordis-european-research-council-award-259061","High performance and ultralight carbon nanotube wires for power transmission","€1,470,114","Due to their unique molecular structure carbon nanotubes can offer high electrical conductivity and superior current density. Both of these properties are sought after, especially for overhead power transmission lines where the extremely high axial strength of nanotubes would also be a bonus. In this research proposal single wall carbon nanotubes (nanometer size tubes made of rolled up graphene sheets) with desirable dimensions and controlled way of the graphene sheet rolled up into a tube (refe",{"id":718,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":719,"piName":10,"institution":622,"country":211,"year":13,"amount":720,"abstract":721},"cordis-european-research-council-award-243283","'Systems' study of cellular growth, shape and polarity","€1,697,400","A major challenge of modern biology is to elucidate how cellular structure and function result from the systemic action of the genome and proteome. In this proposal, we describe an integrated approach combining high-content and quantitative microscopy, systematic gene knockouts, and computational\u002Ftheoretical methods to carry out the most detailed systemic study of three key aspects of cell physiology: growth, shape and polarity. We will use the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe as experime",{"id":723,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":724,"piName":10,"institution":622,"country":211,"year":13,"amount":10,"abstract":725},"cordis-european-research-council-award-261101","Passive membrane transport of organic compounds","Passive transport through lipid membranes is ubiquitous and fundamental in living systems. The aim of this proposal is to create novel biotechnological tools to study permeation of organic compounds through lipid membranes and protein pores. In particular, I will focus on strategies employed by living organisms to optimize and regulate permeation directly through their membranes. The fundamental principles are probed by creating macroscopic model systems for biological channels and membranes. Si",{"id":727,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":728,"piName":10,"institution":729,"country":211,"year":13,"amount":730,"abstract":731},"cordis-european-research-council-award-258613","Biomineral-inspired growth and processing of metal-organic frameworks","UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHAMPTON","€1,492,970","This ERC-StG proposal, BIOMOF, outlines a dual strategy for the growth and processing of porous metal-organic framework (MOF) materials, inspired by the interfacial interactions that characterise highly controlled biomineralisation processes. The aim is to prepare MOF (bio)-composite materials of hierarchical structure and multi-modal functionality to address key societal challenges in healthcare, catalysis and energy. In order for MOFs to reach their full potential, a transformative approach to",{"id":733,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":734,"piName":10,"institution":735,"country":25,"year":13,"amount":736,"abstract":737},"cordis-european-research-council-award-260794","Analysis of flow regulated angiogenesis during zebrafish development","MAX-PLANCK-GESELLSCHAFT ZUR FORDERUNG DER WISSENSCHAFTEN EV","€1,423,000","Angiogenesis, or the sprouting of blood vessels from pre-existing ones is a key process in shaping the vasculature. So far, angiogenesis research has mainly focused on identifying genetic players. My proposed research takes a completely novel approach towards understanding angiogenesis by addressing the question how physiological factors, such as changes in blood flow dynamics, influence endothelial biology. I will furthermore address the question if there is an interaction between genetic and p",{"id":739,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":740,"piName":10,"institution":735,"country":25,"year":13,"amount":49,"abstract":741},"cordis-european-research-council-award-260746","Quantitative Analysis of the Hourglass Model of Evolution of Development","The observation that different species within one animal phylum resemble one another in the course of embryonic development fascinated scientists since the dawn of developmental biology. Already in 1828, Carl Ernst von Baer formulated his third law of embryonic  development, later extended into the hourglass model that recognizes the phylotypic stage during mid-embryogenesis as the most constrained period of development, preceded and followed by greater morphological divergence. The arguments fo",{"id":743,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":744,"piName":10,"institution":735,"country":25,"year":13,"amount":745,"abstract":746},"cordis-european-research-council-award-260821","Sensory-motor circuits in marine zooplankton and early evolution of the nervous system","€1,270,800","Animal nervous systems evolved in a marine environment at the dawn ofanimal life, and diversified during the  Cambrian explosion', one of themost spectacular events in the history of life. Remarkably little isknown about early stages of the evolution of neuronal circuits andnervous systems. Simple marine planktonic organisms, in particularciliated larvae of various marine invertebrates, can give us insightsinto how simple nervous circuits of marine organism function and mayhave evolved. The prop",{"id":748,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":749,"piName":10,"institution":735,"country":25,"year":13,"amount":750,"abstract":751},"cordis-european-research-council-award-260853","Untangling the Bacterial Chromosome: Condensin's Role in Sister Chromosome Separation and its Mechanisms","€1,376,734","A prerequisite for chromosome segregation in all living organisms is the topological unlinking of sister DNA molecules, called DNA decatenation. Decatenation is performed by DNA topoisomerases that work by transiently breaking strand(s) in one DNA double helix and passing another double helix through the temporarily created gate. How DNA topoisomerases manage to recognize linkages between sister DNA molecules and how they promote decatenation of sister chromatids (but not catenation) is still la",{"id":753,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":754,"piName":10,"institution":735,"country":25,"year":13,"amount":755,"abstract":756},"cordis-european-research-council-award-258501","Attoelectronics: Steering electrons in atoms and molecules with synthesized waveforms of light","€1,262,000","In order for electronics to meet the ever raising demands for higher speeds of operation, the dimensions of its basic elements drop continuously. This miniaturization, that will soon meet the dimensions of a single molecule or an atom, calls for new approaches in electronics that take advantage, rather than confront the dominant at these scales quantum laws.Electronics on the scale of atoms and molecules require fields that are able to trigger and to steer electrons at speeds comparable to their",{"id":758,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":759,"piName":10,"institution":735,"country":25,"year":13,"amount":760,"abstract":761},"cordis-european-research-council-award-256994","String Cosmology and Observational Signatures","€1,146,240","The big bang and its immediate aftermath remain one of the great mysteries in science, and it is likely that only an inter-disciplinary approach using both fundamental particle physics and cosmology will get us closer to understanding the origin of our universe. Currently the most promising framework for a theory of all particles and forces is string theory; however, it has been notoriously difficult to address cosmological issues within the theory. Only in the last few years has it been possibl",{"id":763,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":764,"piName":10,"institution":735,"country":25,"year":13,"amount":765,"abstract":766},"cordis-european-research-council-award-240853","Human Sociality and Systems of Language Use","€1,999,800","Informal conversation is the primary context for all central processes of language. Yet it is the least studied. The many advances of traditional linguistic typology the systematic comparison of the world s languages have been based on 'isolated sentences' as data. This project will meet the challenge of working with rich conversational data. This stands to permanently remedy our skewed linguistic understanding by pioneering a systematic approach to the comparison of *language use*, to complemen",{"id":768,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":769,"piName":10,"institution":349,"country":131,"year":13,"amount":770,"abstract":771},"cordis-european-research-council-award-239599","Novel paradigms for massively parallel nanophotonic information processing","€1,260,000","In this project we will develop nanophotonic reservoir computing as a novel paradigm for massively parallel information processing. Reservoir computing is a recently proposed methodology from the field of machine learning and neural networks which has been used successfully in several pattern classification problems, like speech and image recognition. However, it has so far mainly been used in a software implementation which limits its speed and power efficiency. Photonics could provide an excel",{"id":773,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":774,"piName":10,"institution":349,"country":131,"year":13,"amount":775,"abstract":776},"cordis-european-research-council-award-261231","Role of Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in dendritic cells and immune-mediated lung diseases","€1,499,580","My overall aim is to understand the physiologic and medical importance of lung dendritic cells (DC) and to define the suitability of inhibitors of their function for the treatment of inflammatory lung diseases like asthma and COPD.Lung dendritic cells (DC) play crucial roles in the regulation of lung immunity.  We still do not fully understand how they get activated in response to different types of environmental triggers like allergens, cigarette smoke and pathogens.  Although recognition of co",{"id":778,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":779,"piName":10,"institution":349,"country":131,"year":13,"amount":780,"abstract":781},"cordis-european-research-council-award-259295","Dependable Performance on Many-Thread Processors","€1,389,000","Contemporary microprocessors seek at improving performance through thread-level parallelism by co-executing multiple threads on a single microprocessor chip. Projections suggest that future processors will feature multiple tens to hundreds of threads, hence called many-thread processors. Many-thread processors, however, lead to non-dependable performance: co-executing threads affect each other s performance in unpredictable ways because of resource sharing across threads. Failure to deliver depe",{"id":783,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":784,"piName":10,"institution":349,"country":131,"year":13,"amount":785,"abstract":786},"cordis-european-research-council-award-240483","First principle chemical kinetics in nanoporous materials","€1,150,000","The design of an optimal catalyst for a given process is at the heart of what chemists do, but is in many times more an art than a science. The quest for molecular control of any, either existing or new, production process is one of the great challenges nowadays. The need for accurate rate constants is crucial to fulfil this task. Molecular modelling has become a ubiquitous tool in many fields of science and engineering, but still the calculation of reaction rates in nanoporous materials is hard",{"id":788,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":789,"piName":10,"institution":349,"country":131,"year":13,"amount":10,"abstract":790},"cordis-european-research-council-award-239865","Conformal coating of nanoporous materials","CONTEXT - Nanoporous structures are used for application in catalysis, molecular separation, fuel cells, dye sensitized solar cells etc. Given the near molecular size of the porous network, it is extremely challenging to modify the interior surface of the pores after the nanoporous material has been synthesized.THIS PROPOSAL - Atomic Layer Deposition (ALD) is envisioned as a novel technique for creating catalytically active sites and for controlling the pore size distribution in nanoporous mater",{"id":792,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":793,"piName":10,"institution":794,"country":25,"year":13,"amount":437,"abstract":795},"cordis-european-research-council-award-240984","Narratives of Terror and Disappearance. Fantastic Dimensions of Argentina' s Collective Memory since the Military Dictatorship","UNIVERSITAT KONSTANZ","Terror and its social and cultural effects are the most unspeakable and traumatic facts of the 20th and 21st centuries. The two-fold argument is that terror a) operates and perpetuates itself by means of fantastic narratives, and b) is one of the characteristic elements evoked by the fantastic genre. This project seeks to investigate the interdependency of fantastic narrative and the historical phenomenon of terror. The five-year, six-member project combines a literary theoretical reassessment o",{"id":797,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":798,"piName":10,"institution":799,"country":211,"year":13,"amount":800,"abstract":801},"cordis-european-research-council-award-240500","Dedicated growth of novel 1-dimensional materials for emerging nanotechnological applications","THE CHANCELLOR, MASTERS AND SCHOLARS OF THE UNIVERSITY OF OXFORD","€1,276,038","This proposal aims to establish growth systematics for catalytically grown nanomaterials, such as nanoparticles, nanorods, carbon and hetero-atomic nanotubes. At present there is no clear understanding of the formation mechanism of these structures. Hence, the control over their properties, a vital aspect for technological applications of nanomaterials, is limited and remains difficult. Therefore, the main target of this proposal is the controlled production of new carbon and non-carbon-based na",{"id":803,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":804,"piName":10,"institution":799,"country":211,"year":13,"amount":42,"abstract":805},"cordis-european-research-council-award-263557","From Late Medieval to Early Modern: 13th to 16th Century Islamic Philosophy And Theology","IMPAcT will make accessible the crucially important, but much neglected 13th–16th century Islamic intellectual history on a broad scale by establishing for the first time, through an integrated database on Islamic philosophy, theology, and related fields, the bio-bibliographical data necessary for systematic research in these areas, which will fundamentally transform the quality of scholarship. The project is frontier research in the primary sense of the term, as it goes where few have gone befo",{"id":807,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":808,"piName":10,"institution":799,"country":211,"year":13,"amount":809,"abstract":810},"cordis-european-research-council-award-239696","Extremal Combinatorics","€780,000","Combinatorics forms a challenging and fundamental part of pure mathematics, but is in the happy position of being relatively accessible to a wider audience. One of its most exciting and rapidly developing branches is Extremal Combinatorics, which has a wide range of direct applications both to other areas of mathematics and other academic disciplines. Thus it makes its influence felt indirectly when the theoretical power it brings to these disciplines is in turn used for more practical applicati",{"id":812,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":813,"piName":10,"institution":799,"country":211,"year":13,"amount":814,"abstract":815},"cordis-european-research-council-award-242670","Social Interactions in Microbes","€1,750,000","Modern cell biology rests upon the power of studying pure cultures, often in shaking flasks. However, in nature cell groups are complex systems that frequently contain genetically-distinct populations. This genetic diversity ranges from point mutations that separate normal and cancerous tissue, through different strains of malaria in a host, to bacterial biofilms that contain a myriad of species. My research focuses on how genetic variability affects and explains the biology of cell groups, usin",{"id":817,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":818,"piName":10,"institution":799,"country":211,"year":13,"amount":819,"abstract":820},"cordis-european-research-council-award-240940","The determinants of international migration: A theoretical and empirical assessment of policy, origin and destination effects","€1,186,768","The main question of this research project is: how do migration policies of receiving and sending states affect the size, direction and nature of international migration to wealthy countries? The effectiveness of migration policies has been widely contested in the face of their apparent failure to steer immigration and their many unintended, perverse effects. Due to fundamental conceptual and methodological flaws, most empirical evidence has remained largely descriptive and biased by omitting cr",{"id":822,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":823,"piName":10,"institution":799,"country":211,"year":13,"amount":824,"abstract":825},"cordis-european-research-council-award-243273","Activity-dependent signaling in radial glial cells and their neuronal progeny","€1,284,808","A significant advance in the field of development has been the appreciation that radial glial cells are progenitors and give birth to neurons in the brain. In order to advance this exciting area of biology, we need approaches that combine structural and functional studies of these cells. This is reflected by the emerging realisation that dynamic interactions involving radial glia may be critical for the regulation of their proliferative behaviour. It has been observed that radial glia experience",{"id":827,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":828,"piName":10,"institution":799,"country":211,"year":13,"amount":829,"abstract":830},"cordis-european-research-council-award-256973","Laboratory simulation of cosmological magnetic fields","€1,119,690","The advent of high-power laser systems in the past two decades has opened a new field of research where astrophysical environments can be scaled down to laboratory dimensions, yet preserving the essential physics. This is due to the invariance of the equations of ideal magneto-hydrodynamics (MHD) to a class of self-similar transformations. In this proposal, we will apply these scaling laws to investigate the dynamics of the high Mach number shocks arising during the formation of the large-scale ",{"id":832,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":833,"piName":10,"institution":799,"country":211,"year":13,"amount":834,"abstract":835},"cordis-european-research-council-award-239578","Ab-initio computational modelling of photovoltaic interfaces","€1,000,000","The aim of the ALIGN project is to understand, predict, and optimize the photovoltaic energy conversion in third-generation solar cells, starting from an atomic-scale quantum-mechanical modelling of the photovoltaic interface. The quest for photovoltaic materials suitable for low-cost synthesis, large-area production, and functional architecture has driven substantial research efforts towards third-generation photovoltaic devices such as plastic solar cells, organic-inorganic cells, and photo-el",{"id":837,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":838,"piName":10,"institution":799,"country":211,"year":13,"amount":10,"abstract":839},"cordis-european-research-council-award-263281","Sastravid - a new paradigm for the study of Indian philosophical texts","The aim of the present project is to transform the way Indian philosophical texts are currently studied. To do this we provide a philosophical analysis of a set of central works from the Indian tradition, a set well known for its demanding content and the conceptual complexity of the arguments it contains. This analysis will incorporate a set of cutting-edge methodological principles, the most important of which is the intricate interlinking of conceptual analysis and its textual basis. These pr",{"id":841,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":842,"piName":10,"institution":843,"country":105,"year":13,"amount":844,"abstract":845},"cordis-european-research-council-award-243149","Child health intervention interactions in low-income countries","STATENS SERUM INSTITUT","€1,686,043","Vitamin A supplementation (VAS) and vaccines are the most powerful tools to reduce child mortality in low-income countries. However, we may not use these interventions optimally because we disregard that the interventions may have immunomodulatory effects which differ for boys and girls and which may interact with the effects of other interventions. I have proposed the hypothesis that VAS and vaccines interact. This hypothesis is supported by randomised and observational studies showing that the",{"id":847,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":848,"piName":10,"institution":849,"country":25,"year":13,"amount":850,"abstract":851},"cordis-european-research-council-award-258713","Analytic Number Theory: Higher Order Structures","GEORG-AUGUST-UNIVERSITAT GOTTINGEN STIFTUNG OFFENTLICHEN RECHTS","€1,004,000","This is a proposal for research at the interface of analytic number theory, automorphic forms and algebraic geometry. Motivated by fundamental conjectures in number theory, classical problems will be investigated in higher order situations: general number fields, automorphic forms on higher rank groups, the arithmetic of algebraic varieties of higher degree. In particular, I want to focus on- computation of moments of L-function of degree 3 and higher with applications to subconvexity and\u002For non",{"id":853,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":854,"piName":10,"institution":855,"country":25,"year":13,"amount":49,"abstract":856},"cordis-european-research-council-award-260875","Protein Friction of Molecular Machines: Nanomechanics with Optical Tweezers","EBERHARD KARLS UNIVERSITAET TUEBINGEN","Molecular machines---assemblies of macromolecules, often fueled by nucleotide hydrolysis---are fascinating devices and crucial for driving self-organization in cells. While protein components of many biological machines have been identified, and in many cases their structures have been solved, the mechanical principles that govern the operation of biological machines are poorly understood. For example, howmuch force can they generate; and what limits their speed and efficiency? These questions h",{"id":858,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":859,"piName":10,"institution":860,"country":10,"year":13,"amount":861,"abstract":862},"cordis-european-research-council-award-260801","Building an Integrated Genetic Infectious Disease Epidemiology Approach","UNIVERSITY COLLEGE LONDON","€1,483,080","Epidemiology and public health planning will increasingly rely on the analysis of genetic sequence data. The recent swine-derived influenza A\u002FH1N1 pandemic may represent a tipping point in this trend, as it is arguably the first time when multiple strains of a human pathogen have been sequenced essentially in real time from the very beginning of its spread.  However, the full potential of genetic information cannot be fully exploited to infer the spread of epidemics due to the lack of statistica",{"id":864,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":865,"piName":10,"institution":866,"country":211,"year":13,"amount":867,"abstract":868},"cordis-european-research-council-award-239749","\"Chips on the go: towards truly wearable EEG systems","IMPERIAL COLLEGE OF SCIENCE TECHNOLOGY AND MEDICINE","€1,775,713","Epilepsy affects about 50 million people. Routine electroencephalography (EEG) tests are not long enough to properly diagnose these patients. Long time in-patient monitoring is possible but costly for health organizations and removes the patient from his natural environment. Ambulatory EEG is an alternative but existing ambulatory systems are still too bulky and unaesthetic to wear while carrying out normal life. A truly wearable EEG system (WEEG) would: a) have the capability of monitoring for ",{"id":870,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":871,"piName":10,"institution":872,"country":25,"year":13,"amount":873,"abstract":874},"cordis-european-research-council-award-240816","Quantitative modeling of historical-comparative linguistics: Unraveling the phylogeny of native South American languages","PHILIPPS UNIVERSITAET MARBURG","€1,938,000","This project aims to uncover and clarify phylogenetic relationships between native South American languages. Very little is known about the historical development of the linguistic diversity in this part of the world, and more detailed insights will have a major impact not only on linguistics, but also on genetics, archeology, and cultural anthropology. The approach taken is to digitize available lexical information about the languages in question, and to develop new and innovative computer-assi",{"id":876,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":877,"piName":10,"institution":878,"country":25,"year":13,"amount":879,"abstract":880},"cordis-european-research-council-award-257094","Autonomous DNA Evolution in a Molecule Trap","LUDWIG-MAXIMILIANS-UNIVERSITAET MUENCHEN","€1,487,827","How can we create molecular life in the lab?That is, can we drive evolvable DNA\u002FRNA-machines under a simple nonequilibrium setting? We will trigger basic formsof autonomous Darwinian evolution by implementing replication, mutation and selection on the molecular level in a singlemicro-chamber? We will explore protein-free replication schemes to tackle the Eigen-Paradox of replication and translationunder archaic nonequilibrium settings. The conditions mimic thermal gradients in porous rock near h",{"id":882,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":883,"piName":10,"institution":860,"country":10,"year":13,"amount":884,"abstract":885},"cordis-european-research-council-award-260862","Easy and rapid generation of light-emitting somatic-transgenic mice to monitor specific disease states and to screen effective drugs","€1,471,272","For decades, researchers have used small mammals to study the underlying processes of human disease and potential therapies for such ailments. Current strategies for measuring disease progression and\u002For drug effect usually involve groups of animals being killed at multiple time points for post-mortem tissue analysis. Recently, transgenic strains of mice have been created in which light-emitting luciferase is produced when a disease-specific pathway is switched on or off. High-sensitivity cameras",{"id":887,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":888,"piName":10,"institution":889,"country":290,"year":13,"amount":890,"abstract":891},"cordis-european-research-council-award-259256","InteGrated Laboratories to investigate the mechanics of ASeismic vs. Seismic faulting","ISTITUTO NAZIONALE DI GEOFISICA E VULCANOLOGIA","€1,514,400","Earthquakes are potentially catastrophic phenomena that have a huge impact on the environment and society. Understanding the physical processes responsible for earthquakes and faulting requires high quality data and direct observations of the underlying phenomena. However, no direct measurements can be made at depth where earthquakes initiate and propagate. Our knowledge of the mechanical properties of fault zones relies on Earth surface observations and experiments conducted in rock deformation",{"id":893,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":894,"piName":10,"institution":627,"country":197,"year":13,"amount":895,"abstract":896},"cordis-european-research-council-award-261247","Multi-pronged Strategies to Regain Voluntary Motor Functions after Spinal Cord Injury","€1,395,540","Severe spinal cord injury (SCI) permanently abolishes motor functions caudal to the lesion. Various strategies have beenpursued to promote functional recovery after such injuries. However, none of these attempts were able to return voluntarymovements in paralyzed subjects. Here, we propose an innovative transdisciplinary research program including parallelapproaches that will converge into an integrated multi-pronged therapy able to restore voluntary movements after paralyzingSCI. To achieve thi",{"id":898,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":899,"piName":10,"institution":627,"country":197,"year":13,"amount":900,"abstract":901},"cordis-european-research-council-award-259398","Nanopore integrated nanoelectrodes for biomolecular manipulation and sensing","€1,439,840","In this proposal we aim to address several complex biophysical problems at single molecule level that remained elusive due to the lack of appropriate experimental approach where one could manipulate independently both interacting biomolecules and in the same time measure the strength of their interaction and correlate it with their electronic signature. In particular we are interested in finding out how biopolymer finds, enters and translocates nanopore. Equally intriguing is still unresolved me",{"id":903,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":904,"piName":10,"institution":627,"country":197,"year":13,"amount":905,"abstract":906},"cordis-european-research-council-award-239743","Ultra-Pure nanowire heterostructures and energy CONversion","€1,286,000","This proposal is devoted to the synthesis of ultra-pure semiconductor nanowire heterostructures for energy conversion applications in the photovoltaic domain. Nanowires are filamentary crystals with a very high ratio of length to diameter, the latter being in the nanometer range. Nanowires are of significant interest owing to their large surface-to-volume ratio and low-dimensional properties, as well as attractive building blocks of novel devices, including for novel energy conversion applicatio",{"id":908,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":909,"piName":10,"institution":627,"country":197,"year":13,"amount":580,"abstract":910},"cordis-european-research-council-award-239262","Simultaneous Detection of Multiple DNA and Protein Targets on Paramagnetic Beads Packed in Microfluidic Channels using Quantum Dots as Tracers","The detection of DNA hybridization and protein recoginittion event (immunoassay) is very important for the diagnosis and treatment of genetic diseases, for the detection infectious agents and for reliable forensic analysis. Recent activity has focused on the development of hybridization assays that permit simultaneous determination of multiple DNA or protein targets, using optical or electrochemical coding technology, based on unique encoding properties of semiconductor crystal nanoparticle tags",{"id":912,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":913,"piName":10,"institution":914,"country":513,"year":13,"amount":10,"abstract":915},"cordis-european-research-council-award-240387","Electromechanical quantum coherent systems","AALTO KORKEAKOULUSAATIO SR","At a low temperature, nearly macroscopic quantum states can be sustained in superconducting (SC) Josephson junctions. Recently, these superconducting qubits have been coupled to electromagnetic resonators, in a manner analogous to cavity Quantum Electro Dynamics (QED) which describes the interaction between atoms and quantized oscillation modes in the quantum limit. On the other hand, there is yet no experimental evidence of a mode of a mechanical oscillator, such as that of a miniaturized vibra",{"id":917,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":918,"piName":10,"institution":919,"country":513,"year":13,"amount":10,"abstract":920},"cordis-european-research-council-award-240362","Mesoscopic heattronics: thermal and nonequilibrium effects and fluctuations in nanoelectronics","JYVASKYLAN YLIOPISTO","Few systems in nature are entirely in equilibrium. Out of equilibrium, there are heat currents, and different degrees of freedom or parts of studied systems may be described by entirely different temperatures if the concept of temperature is at all well defined. In this project we will study the emergence of the subsystem temperatures in different types of small electronic systems, and the physical phenomena associated with those temperatures. Our emphasis is on the mesoscopic effects, residing ",{"id":922,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":923,"piName":10,"institution":924,"country":211,"year":13,"amount":925,"abstract":926},"cordis-european-research-council-award-263735","The Ecology of Crusading: The Environmental Impact of Conquest, Colonisation and Religious Conversion in the Medieval Baltic","THE UNIVERSITY OF READING","€1,199,909","The crusades waged against pagans in the Baltic region from the late-12th century AD proved far more successful than those fought in the Middle East. They had a significant impact on the region   characterised as a cultural frontier which came to be dominated by crusading institutions into the 16th century   and are fundamental to understanding the development and consolidation of a European society, united under Christianity. Recent pilot projects directed by Pluskowski, focusing on castle site",{"id":928,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":929,"piName":10,"institution":930,"country":25,"year":13,"amount":931,"abstract":932},"cordis-european-research-council-award-257106","Thermodynamics of the Climate System","UNIVERSITAET HAMBURG","€1,393,440","The investigation of the global structural properties of the climate system (CS) plays a central role for the provision of a unifying picture of climate variability and climate change on a large variety of scales and is of outstanding importance for the quest for reliable metrics to be used in the validation of climate models (CMs). The CS can be seen as a complex, non-equilibrium system, transforming potential into mechanical energy as a thermal engine, generating entropy by irreversible proces",{"id":934,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":935,"piName":10,"institution":936,"country":94,"year":13,"amount":937,"abstract":938},"cordis-european-research-council-award-259639","CRYSP: A Novel Framework for Collaboratively Building Cryptographically Secure Programs and their Proofs","INSTITUT NATIONAL DE RECHERCHE EN INFORMATIQUE ET AUTOMATIQUE","€1,406,726","The field of software security analysis stands at a critical juncture.Applications have become too large for security experts to examine by hand,automated verification tools do not scale, and the risks of deploying insecure software are too great to tolerate anything less than mathematical proof.A radical shift of strategy is needed if programming and analysis techniques are to  keep up in a networked world where increasing amounts of governmental and individual information are generated, manipu",{"id":940,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":941,"piName":10,"institution":936,"country":94,"year":13,"amount":942,"abstract":943},"cordis-european-research-council-award-257661","Traffic Management by Macroscopic Models","€809,000","We propose to investigate traffic phenomena from the macroscopic point of view, using models derived from fluid-dynamics consisting in hyperbolic conservation laws. In fact, even if the continuum hypothesis is clearly not physically satisfied, macroscopic quantities can be regarded as measures of traffic features and allow to depict the spatio-temporal evolution of traffic waves.Continuum models have shown to be in good agreement with empirical data. Moreover, they are suitable for analytical in",{"id":945,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":946,"piName":10,"institution":947,"country":25,"year":13,"amount":948,"abstract":949},"cordis-european-research-council-award-258740","Self-Amplifying Stereodynamic Catalysts in Enantioselective Catalysis","RUPRECHT-KARLS-UNIVERSITAET HEIDELBERG","€1,452,000","Think about an enantioselective catalyst, which can switch its enantioselectivity and which can be imprinted and provides self-amplification by its own chiral reaction product. Think about a catalyst, which can be fine-tuned for efficient stereoselective synthesis of drugs and other materials, e.g. polymers.Highly promising reactions such as enantioselective autocatalysis (Soai reaction) and chiral catalysts undergoing dynamic interconversions, e.g. BIPHEP ligands, are still not understood. Thei",{"id":951,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":952,"piName":10,"institution":953,"country":290,"year":13,"amount":954,"abstract":955},"cordis-european-research-council-award-240555","Video-oriented UWB-based Intelligent Ubiquitous Sensing","UNIVERSITA DEGLI STUDI DELL'AQUILA","€1,173,680","Real-time (RT) sensing with enhanced video capabilities is a powerful tool capturing a significant variety of data, thus providing an excellent substrate to build up an accurate context abstraction. Machine capability of creating a good context abstraction will boost several applications. 3D video allows the recognition of objects shapes, human gestures and facial expressions, improving human-to-machine interaction. Surveillance systems, empowered by automatic recognition of gestures, will sudde",{"id":957,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":958,"piName":10,"institution":959,"country":290,"year":13,"amount":960,"abstract":961},"cordis-european-research-council-award-263183","Families of Inequalities- Social and economic consequences of the changing work-family equilibria in European Societies","UNIVERSITA DEGLI STUDI DI TRENTO","€478,494","This project investigates social change and its correlates in European societies. In specific, the change in social and economic inequalities associated with new welfare-work-family equilibria. The Project therefore focuses on the changes in women s labour market behaviour, the interlinkage between women s employment and family decisions, families’ capacities to compensate for increasing market risks and the consequences of these developments for social and economic inequalities between families",{"id":963,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":964,"piName":10,"institution":965,"country":25,"year":13,"amount":10,"abstract":966},"cordis-european-research-council-award-260602","Amino acid sensing by TOR","DEUTSCHES KREBSFORSCHUNGSZENTRUM HEIDELBERG","The kinase TOR is a key regulator of cell growth and organismal metabolism in animals. Consequently, the correct regulationof TOR activity is important both for normal development and for disease. For instance, TOR is hyperactivated in almost allhuman cancers, and reduced TOR activity is associated with leanness and resistance to obesity. TOR activity is regulatedby a number of inputs including, importantly, amino acids. Indeed, nutritional amino-acid overload in humans is thought topromote insu",{"id":968,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":969,"piName":10,"institution":970,"country":586,"year":13,"amount":971,"abstract":972},"cordis-european-research-council-award-240978","Towards a Unified Analysis of World Population: Family Patterns in Multilevel Perspective","CENTRO DE ESTUDIOS DEMOGRAFICOS","€1,088,904","The overarching aim of this proposal is to develop the conceptual and analytical instruments to establish a formal linkage between macro and micro level perspectives in demographic research, with an application to the study of worldwide patterns of family formation. Using census and survey microdata, we will conduct worldwide multilevel analyses that will allow us to investigate demographic trends at three levels of disaggregation: national, regional and individual. We will study the relationshi",{"id":974,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":975,"piName":10,"institution":976,"country":290,"year":13,"amount":977,"abstract":978},"cordis-european-research-council-award-261079","Molecular mechanisms controlling leukocyte trafficking in the central nervous system","UNIVERSITA DEGLI STUDI DI VERONA","€1,199,880","Multiple sclerosis (MS) and its animal model experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) represent the prototype of autoimmune chronic inflammatory diseases of the central nervous system (CNS). Migration of activated T cells across the blood-brain barrier represents a critical step in the pathogenesis of MS and EAE, and inhibition of lymphocyte trafficking in the CNS represents a powerful therapeutic approach in MS patients as well as in animal models of this disease.In recent years growing ",{"id":980,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":981,"piName":10,"institution":982,"country":25,"year":13,"amount":983,"abstract":984},"cordis-european-research-council-award-257041","Structure and dynamics of catalytically active species from Residual Dipolar Couplings","TECHNISCHE UNIVERSITAT DARMSTADT","€1,498,200","The main goal of chemistry and material science is to create structures, which in turn exhibit specificfunctions. One class of functional molecules are catalysts. Although homogeneous catalysts are widely usedin synthetic chemistry, there is very limited knowledge about the relationship between their activity and theirstructure and especially dynamics in solution.Based on a first investigation, in which we showed that only after investigating the structural and dynamicproperties of a photoswitch",{"id":986,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":987,"piName":10,"institution":988,"country":290,"year":13,"amount":10,"abstract":989},"cordis-european-research-council-award-260368","To the root of organ growth: the control of root meristem activity in Arabidopsis","UNIVERSITA DEGLI STUDI DI ROMA LA SAPIENZA","In animals, the formation and growth of new organs cease at the completion of development; in plants, the body is continuously built throughout the plant lifespan. In addition, in plants there is virtually no cell migration due to rigid cell walls: this provides a unique opportunity for dissecting the relations between pattern formation and final organ structure.Plant post-embryonic development takes place in localized regions called meristems. In the root of Arabidopsis thaliana, stem cells in ",{"id":991,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":992,"piName":10,"institution":993,"country":185,"year":13,"amount":834,"abstract":994},"cordis-european-research-council-award-259515","Practical Approximation Algorithms","UNIWERSYTET WARSZAWSKI","The goal of this proposal is the development and study of practical approximation algorithms. We will base our study ontheoretical models that can describe requirements for algorithms that make them practically efficient. We plan to develop anefficient and useful programming library of approximation algorithms.Our research on approximation algorithms will be concentrated on two main topics:- multi-problem optimization, when the solution has to be composed out of different problems that need to i",{"id":996,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":997,"piName":10,"institution":998,"country":211,"year":13,"amount":10,"abstract":999},"cordis-european-research-council-award-239606","Dynamics of Large Group Actions, Rigidity, and Diophantine Geometry","UNIVERSITY OF BRISTOL","In our project we address several fundamental questions regarding ergodic-theoretical properties of actions of large groups. The problems that we plan to tackle are not only of central importance in the abstract theory of dynamical systems, but they also lead to solutions of a number of open questions in Diophantine geometry such as the Batyrev--Manin and Peyre conjectures on the asymptotics and the distribution of rational points on algebraic varieties, a generalisation of the Oppenheim conject",{"id":1001,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":1002,"piName":10,"institution":998,"country":211,"year":13,"amount":1003,"abstract":1004},"cordis-european-research-council-award-261104","Mechanics of ESCRT-III mediated membrane scission","€1,499,655","Cellular processes such as cytokinesis, the budding of enveloped retrovirus (e.g. HIV-1), and multivesicular biogenesis have direct links to several human diseases including carcinogenesis and neuro-degeration etc. While seemingly unrelated, these processes all involve membrane abscission for generating two newly formed membrane bound structures - a process aided by the cytosolic proteins collectively termed ESCRT-III. Understanding these processes for therapeutic intervention has so far focused",{"id":1006,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":1007,"piName":10,"institution":1008,"country":12,"year":13,"amount":49,"abstract":1009},"cordis-european-research-council-award-263305","Information Flow and Its Impact on Financial Markets","THE HEBREW UNIVERSITY OF JERUSALEM","The importance of information asymmetry in financial markets has long been recognized in financial economics. Most existing models focus on the role of privately informed investors who influence prices through their trades. But in many cases the agents who have the biggest information advantage are insiders or the firms themselves; they are precluded from trading but can affect the information flow to the market. This endogenous information flow and its effect on financial market is the focus of",{"id":1011,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":1012,"piName":10,"institution":506,"country":211,"year":13,"amount":10,"abstract":1013},"cordis-european-research-council-award-239999","Advanced techniques to Search for Physics Beyond the Standard Model with the LHCb Detector at CERN","I propose a programme of precision tests of the Standard Model of particle physics to be carried out using the LHCb experiment at CERN. The proposal is focussed on studies of CP violation - differences between the behaviour of particles and antiparticles that are fundamental to understanding why the Universe we see today is made up of matter, not antimatter. The innovative feature of this research is the use of Dalitz plot analyses to improve the sensitivity to interesting CP violation effects. ",{"id":1015,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":1016,"piName":10,"institution":1017,"country":211,"year":13,"amount":10,"abstract":1018},"cordis-european-research-council-award-258345","Quasirandomness in Graphs and Hypergraphs","THE UNIVERSITY OF BIRMINGHAM","A structure is called quasirandom if it has a number of properties that one would expect from a random structure with similar parameters. For instance, a graph is quasirandom if its edges are spread evenly over the vertices. This concept has been remarkably useful in many areas, including Number theory, Graph theory and the design of algorithms.Quasirandomness is a field that is developing very rapidly, but there are many connections and properties that are still unexplored. In my proposal, I wi",{"id":1020,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":1021,"piName":10,"institution":1022,"country":48,"year":13,"amount":49,"abstract":1023},"cordis-european-research-council-award-259183","Supramolecular Cell Manipulation","UNIVERSITEIT TWENTE","Supramolecular chemistry and nanofabrication methods provide excellent prospect to construct reversible dynamic biological nanoplatforms employed for supramolecular cell manipulation (SUMOMAN) experiments. Making use of supramolecular chemistry is a rewarding task in developing functional materials and devices. Knowing the limitations involved in ordering proteins at different length scales will surely hasten the development of future applications, supramolecular nanobiology being the most promi",{"id":1025,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":1026,"piName":10,"institution":247,"country":48,"year":13,"amount":1027,"abstract":1028},"cordis-european-research-council-award-263027","EcoSpace: Spatial-Dynamic Modelling of Adaptation Options to Climate Change at the Ecosystem Scale","€759,600","Climate change will necessitate adjustments in ecosystem management in order to maintain the functioning of ecosystems and the supply of ecosystem services. The aim of this project is to develop a spatially explicit, dynamic modelling approach for identifying and analysing adaptation strategies for ecosystem management.In particular, the project will develop and apply a general, spatial model integrating climate change scenarios, ecosystem dynamics, response thresholds, ecosystem services supply",{"id":1030,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":1031,"piName":10,"institution":1032,"country":586,"year":13,"amount":1033,"abstract":1034},"cordis-european-research-council-award-260964","Physiology of the adult carotid body stem cell niche","UNIVERSIDAD DE SEVILLA","€1,476,000","The discovery of adult neural stem cells (NSCs) has broaden our view of the physiological plasticity of the nervous system,and has opened new perspectives on the possibility of tissue regeneration and repair in the brain. NSCs reside in specializedniches in the adult mammalian nervous system, where they are exposed to specific paracrine signals regulating theirbehavior. These neural progenitors are generally in a quiescent state within their niche, and they activate their proliferationdepending ",{"id":1036,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":1037,"piName":10,"institution":670,"country":25,"year":13,"amount":1038,"abstract":1039},"cordis-european-research-council-award-239838","Structural and electronic properties of nanoscale metallic contacts fabricated by thermally assisted electromigration","€1,513,000","The key aim of the project is to correlate the electronic transport properties of nanoscale metallic contacts with their structure. The electronic transport properties through a metallic contact of atomic dimensions are governed by the atomic structure and by the chemical properties of the contact as well as by the wave nature of electrons. This leads to plateaus of the conductance measured as a function of contact size that do not necessarily correspond to integer multiples of the conductance q",{"id":1041,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":1042,"piName":10,"institution":1043,"country":131,"year":13,"amount":1044,"abstract":1045},"cordis-european-research-council-award-257004","Hochschild cohomology, non-commutative deformations and mirror symmetry","UNIVERSITEIT ANTWERPEN","€703,080","Our research programme addresses several interesting current issues in non-commutative algebraic geometry, and important links with symplectic geometry and algebraic topology. Non-commutative algebraic geometry is concerned with the study of algebraic objects in geometric ways. One of the basic philosophies is that, in analogy with (derived) categories of (quasi-)coherent sheaves over schemes and (derived) module categories, non-commutative spaces can be represented by suitable abelian or triang",{"id":1047,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":1048,"piName":10,"institution":104,"country":105,"year":13,"amount":1049,"abstract":1050},"cordis-european-research-council-award-260807","Deciphering the microRNA response to hypoxia","€1,478,508","Maintaining oxygen homeostasis is an essential requirement for all metazoa. Oxygen is required for efficient generation of energy, however, as oxygen levels decrease (hypoxia), cells mount a variety of adaptive responses. Each cell in the body can sense and respond to hypoxia, yet the molecular mechanisms that regulate these responses are only beginning to be delineated. Hypoxia plays crucial roles in the pathophysiology of cancer, neurological dysfunction, myocardial infarction and lung disease",{"id":1052,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":1053,"piName":10,"institution":1054,"country":290,"year":13,"amount":1055,"abstract":1056},"cordis-european-research-council-award-259229","Isogeometric Methods for Biomechanics","UNIVERSITA DEGLI STUDI DI PAVIA","€1,195,200","Computational Mechanics and the numerical analysis of the structural behavior are becoming a more and more fundamental tool for the engineering design process in many different fields. This is particularly true in Biomechanics, nowadays widely recognized as a fundamental research field, where reliable analyses of structures and fluids (and of their interactions) are often needed on complex geometries described by tools of Computational Geometry.Isogeometric Analysis (IGA) is a recent (2005) idea",{"id":1058,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":1059,"piName":10,"institution":1060,"country":94,"year":13,"amount":1061,"abstract":1062},"cordis-european-research-council-award-240923","Culture, Cooperation and Economics","FONDATION NATIONALE DES SCIENCES POLITIQUES","€988,376","My research project TRUST aims at looking at the links between culture of cooperation, economics and institutions, with causality running in both directions. The first step is to assess the causal effect of cooperation on economic decisions and happiness. Social attitudes such as trust seems a prerequisite to expand economic exchanges, in particular in modern societies characterized by the increased complexity of information and relations with anonymous others. Cooperative beliefs might also dir",{"id":1064,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":1065,"piName":10,"institution":1060,"country":94,"year":13,"amount":1066,"abstract":1067},"cordis-european-research-council-award-263673","Risk Incentives in Financial Institutions and Financial Instability","€564,000","The main objective of this research project is to develop a new framework for the study of the informational frictions that separate investors from sophisticated traders operating in complete markets. I plan to develop a model of “generalized risk-shifting,” in which traders in complete markets can secretly take fair bets with any arbitrary distribution. The goal is to study the interplay of this generalized risk-shifting with traders’ career concerns. When investors learn about trading skills f",200,{"programme":8,"total":1070,"withPiName":1071,"firstYear":1072,"lastYear":1073,"countryCount":1074,"perYear":1075,"topInstitutions":1133,"topCountries":1203},7919,572,2008,2027,52,[1076,1078,1081,1083,1086,1089,1092,1095,1098,1101,1104,1107,1110,1113,1116,1119,1122,1125,1128,1131],{"year":1072,"count":1077},279,{"year":1079,"count":1080},2009,157,{"year":13,"count":1082},302,{"year":1084,"count":1085},2011,447,{"year":1087,"count":1088},2012,524,{"year":1090,"count":1091},2013,456,{"year":1093,"count":1094},2014,297,{"year":1096,"count":1097},2015,366,{"year":1099,"count":1100},2016,376,{"year":1102,"count":1103},2017,419,{"year":1105,"count":1106},2018,582,{"year":1108,"count":1109},2019,393,{"year":1111,"count":1112},2020,384,{"year":1114,"count":1115},2021,394,{"year":1117,"count":1118},2022,514,{"year":1120,"count":1121},2023,512,{"year":1123,"count":1124},2024,473,{"year":1126,"count":1127},2025,482,{"year":1129,"count":1130},2026,556,{"year":1073,"count":1132},6,[1134,1136,1139,1142,1144,1147,1150,1153,1156,1159,1162,1164,1167,1170,1173,1176,1179,1182,1184,1186,1189,1191,1194,1197,1200],{"name":1135,"count":1115},"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique CNRS",{"name":1137,"count":1138},"Max-Planck-Gesellschaft zur Forderung der Wissenschaften Ev",175,{"name":1140,"count":1141},"University of Cambridge",129,{"name":1143,"count":1141},"University of Oxford",{"name":1145,"count":1146},"Hebrew University of Jerusalem",112,{"name":1148,"count":1149},"University College London",110,{"name":1151,"count":1152},"Tel Aviv University",107,{"name":1154,"count":1155},"Weizmann Institute of Science",104,{"name":1157,"count":1158},"Eidgenoessische Technische Hochschule Zuerich",87,{"name":1160,"count":1161},"Kobenhavns Universitet",85,{"name":1163,"count":1161},"Universiteit Gent",{"name":1165,"count":1166},"Universiteit van Amsterdam",84,{"name":1168,"count":1169},"École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne",83,{"name":1171,"count":1172},"Ludwig-Maximilians-Universitaet Muenchen",82,{"name":1174,"count":1175},"Institut National de la Sante Et de la Recherche Medicale",78,{"name":1177,"count":1178},"Universiteit Utrecht",76,{"name":1180,"count":1181},"Imperial College of Science Technology and Medicine",71,{"name":1183,"count":1181},"Katholieke Universiteit Leuven",{"name":1185,"count":1181},"Technische Universiteit Delft",{"name":1187,"count":1188},"Technion - Israel Institute of Technology",70,{"name":1190,"count":1188},"Technische Universitaet Muenchen",{"name":1192,"count":1193},"Universiteit Leiden",69,{"name":1195,"count":1196},"Agencia Estatal Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas",67,{"name":1198,"count":1199},"The University of Edinburgh",64,{"name":1201,"count":1202},"Helsingin Yliopisto",57,[1204,1206,1208,1210,1212,1213,1215,1217,1219,1221,1223,1225,1227,1229,1231,1233,1236,1239,1241,1244,1246,1249,1251,1254,1257],{"name":25,"count":1205},1346,{"name":211,"count":1207},1007,{"name":94,"count":1209},932,{"name":48,"count":1211},772,{"name":290,"count":1121},{"name":586,"count":1214},475,{"name":12,"count":1216},470,{"name":197,"count":1218},389,{"name":131,"count":1220},348,{"name":162,"count":1222},291,{"name":88,"count":1224},269,{"name":105,"count":1226},189,{"name":513,"count":1228},137,{"name":1230,"count":1149},"IE",{"name":573,"count":1232},108,{"name":1234,"count":1235},"PT",92,{"name":1237,"count":1238},"GB",68,{"name":185,"count":1240},60,{"name":1242,"count":1243},"CZ",43,{"name":74,"count":1245},41,{"name":1247,"count":1248},"US",36,{"name":81,"count":1250},32,{"name":1252,"count":1253},"TR",24,{"name":1255,"count":1256},"SI",14,{"name":1258,"count":1259},"EE",10]