[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"awarded-erc-starting-grant-2011":3,"awarded-stats-erc-starting-grant":1055},{"awarded":4,"total":1054},[5,16,23,30,37,43,50,55,60,66,72,78,83,90,96,103,110,115,122,127,133,138,145,152,157,163,169,175,180,185,190,195,201,205,211,217,222,227,232,237,242,247,252,257,262,266,272,278,282,287,292,297,301,307,312,317,322,328,333,337,342,347,352,357,362,368,375,380,384,388,393,398,403,408,413,418,423,428,433,439,444,451,458,463,469,475,479,483,489,494,500,505,511,516,520,526,532,536,540,546,551,556,560,565,571,576,581,586,590,595,600,604,609,614,619,624,629,635,640,645,650,655,660,665,670,676,681,688,693,699,704,709,714,719,723,727,731,737,742,748,753,758,763,768,772,777,782,788,794,799,803,809,814,819,824,829,833,838,844,850,855,859,864,870,875,880,886,892,897,902,908,913,918,922,927,932,937,941,946,951,956,961,966,971,975,981,986,991,997,1002,1007,1013,1018,1022,1026,1031,1036,1040,1045,1049],{"id":6,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":9,"piName":10,"institution":11,"country":12,"year":13,"amount":14,"abstract":15},"openalex-european-research-council-award-erc-stg-205693","European Research Council","ERC Starting Grant","Displacement interpolation using Lagrangian mass transport","Nicolas Bonneel","Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies du numérique","FR",2011,null,"Interpolation between pairs of values, typically vectors, is a fundamental operation in many computer graphics applications. In some cases simple linear interpolation yields meaningful results without requiring domain knowledge. However, interpolation between pairs of distributions or pairs of functions often demands more care because features may exhibit translational motion between exemplars. This property is not captured by linear interpolation. This paper develops the use of displacement int",{"id":17,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":18,"piName":19,"institution":20,"country":21,"year":13,"amount":14,"abstract":22},"openalex-european-research-council-award-erc-2007-stg-203161-phygenom","HPC selection of models of DNA substitution","Diego Darriba","Universidade de Vigo","ES","Statistical model selection has become an essential step for the estimation of phylogenies from DNA sequence alignments. The program jModelTest offers different strategies to identify best-fit models for the data at hand, but for large DNA alignments, this task can demand vast computational resources.",{"id":24,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":25,"piName":14,"institution":26,"country":27,"year":13,"amount":28,"abstract":29},"cordis-european-research-council-award-282255","INTEGRATION OF GENOMICS AND CARDIOMETABOLIC PLASMA BIOMARKERS FOR IMPROVED PREDICTION AND PRIMARY PREVENTION OF CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE","LUNDS UNIVERSITET","SE","€1,500,000","By taking advantage of great experience in genetic and cardiovascular epidemiology and some of the largest cohorts in the world including 60 000 unique individuals, the applicant aims at (1) improving CVD risk prediction and (2) identifying mechanisms causally related to CVD development in order to provide novel targets for drug discovery and targeted life style interventions for use in primary prevention.In SUBPROJECT 1 we aim at identifying disease causing alleles of loci implicated in CVD by ",{"id":31,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":32,"piName":14,"institution":33,"country":34,"year":13,"amount":35,"abstract":36},"cordis-european-research-council-award-279248","Guiding Light through Disorder in Adaptive Photonic Resonator Arrays","UNIVERSITEIT UTRECHT","NL","€1,496,400","Planar photonic crystals are dielectric nanostructures that are pursued worldwide as a platform for integrated nanophotonic circuits. Such circuits will process signals coded in light and will consist of thousands of basic components such as resonant nanocavities. At present, unavoidable nanometer-scale disorder makes such large-scale integration impossible. Disorder causes the resonances of the nanocavities to shift randomly, resulting in Anderson localization, an interference effect that block",{"id":38,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":39,"piName":14,"institution":40,"country":12,"year":13,"amount":41,"abstract":42},"cordis-european-research-council-award-257241","Quantum Monte-Carlo in mesoscopic devices","COMMISSARIAT A L ENERGIE ATOMIQUE ET AUX ENERGIES ALTERNATIVES","€1,222,176","Understanding electronic correlations remains one of the biggest challenges of theoretical condensed matter physics. Mesoscopic systems, where electronic confinement can be externally controlled, are natural test beds for understanding the effects of correlations, and the lack of proper techniques to take them into account is acute. This project aims at developing new tools for simulating correlated quantum mesoscopic devices. We will combine standard approaches for transport in mesoscopic quant",{"id":44,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":45,"piName":14,"institution":46,"country":47,"year":13,"amount":48,"abstract":49},"cordis-european-research-council-award-282131","OsteoMotion: Analyzing the mechanisms and role of osteogenic cell movement in bone development and disease","KATHOLIEKE UNIVERSITEIT LEUVEN","BE","€1,499,200","Bone development and homeostasis must incontestably rely on a correct spatial positioning of osteoblasts to generate bone at appropriate sites. A failure of osteoblasts to reach the sites in need of bone formation may contribute to impaired fracture repair and osteoporosis. Conversely, uncontrolled osteogenic cell movement may play a role in diseases involving aberrant placement of bone. Mechanisms of osteoblastic migration and adhesion may even be mimicked by bone-metastasizing tumor cells. Yet",{"id":51,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":52,"piName":14,"institution":40,"country":12,"year":13,"amount":53,"abstract":54},"cordis-european-research-council-award-279950","Non Perturbative Renormalization Group Theory of Glassy Systems","€1,010,800","Glassy systems are central in several fields from statistical mechanics and soft matter to material sciences and biophysics and they appear even in completely different areas of science such as information theory, computer science, agent-based models and game theory.The aim of this project is to develop a new, possibly groundbreaking, approach to glassy systems based on the non-perturbative renormalization group (NPRG) formalism. Modern theoretical approaches to glassy systems suffer from severe",{"id":56,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":57,"piName":14,"institution":58,"country":34,"year":13,"amount":28,"abstract":59},"cordis-european-research-council-award-259510","Kinetics in Soft Molecular Layers- from interstellar ices to polymorph control","STICHTING RADBOUD UNIVERSITEIT","This project centers around the investigation of molecular mobility in solid layers by a truly multidisciplinaryapproach: combining the expertise from crystal growth, astrophysics, and chemistry. We aim toanswer long standing questions in the context of two cross-disciplinary applications: the formation andevolution of interstellar ices and the solid state transition from one crystal structure — polymorph —to another. The first is important for fundamental questions dealing with the origin of li",{"id":61,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":62,"piName":14,"institution":63,"country":27,"year":13,"amount":64,"abstract":65},"cordis-european-research-council-award-261248","THE ENZYMATIC MACHINERY OF HUMAN MITOCHONDRIAL DNA MAINTENANCE","GOETEBORGS UNIVERSITET","€1,492,684","SUMMARYMitochondria are required to convert food into usable energy forms and every cell contains thousands of them. Unlike most other cellular compartments, mitochondria have their own genomes (mtDNA) that encode for 13 of the about 90 proteins present in the respiratory chain. All proteins necessary for mtDNA replication, as well as transcription and translation of mtDNA-encoded genes, are encoded in the nucleus. Mutations in nuclear-encoded proteins required for mtDNA maintenance is an import",{"id":67,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":68,"piName":14,"institution":69,"country":12,"year":13,"amount":70,"abstract":71},"cordis-european-research-council-award-277998","First-passage times and optimization of target search strategies","UNIVERSITE PIERRE ET MARIE CURIE - PARIS 6","€1,242,800","How long does it take a random walker to reach a given target? This quantity, known as a first-passage time (FPT), has been the subject of a growing number of theoretical studies over the past decade. The importance of FPTs originates from the crucial role played by properties related to first encounters in various real situations, including transport in disordered media, diffusion limited reactions, or more generally target search processes. First-passage times in confinement, their optimizatio",{"id":73,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":74,"piName":14,"institution":75,"country":34,"year":13,"amount":76,"abstract":77},"cordis-european-research-council-award-279632","The interplay between agglomeration and coating of nanoparticles in the gas phase","TECHNISCHE UNIVERSITEIT DELFT","€1,409,952","This proposal aims to develop a generic synthesis approach for core-shell nanoparticles by unravelling the relevant mechanisms. Core-shell nanoparticles have high potential in heterogeneous catalysis, energy storage, and medical applications. However, on a fundamental level there is currently a poor understanding of how to produce such nanostructured particles in a controllable and scalable manner.The main barriers to achieving this goal are understanding how nanoparticles agglomerate to loose d",{"id":79,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":80,"piName":14,"institution":40,"country":12,"year":13,"amount":81,"abstract":82},"cordis-european-research-council-award-258729","Petascale numerical simulations of protoplanetary disks: setting the stage for planet formation","€1,093,152","The main goal of this proposal to the ERC Starting Grant scheme is to make ground-breaking progress in our understanding of the dynamical processes that shape the structure of protoplanetary disks. This will be achieved by performing state-of-the-art high resolution numerical simulations of protoplanetary disks, using novel computing techniques and taking advantage of the future European petascale supercomputers. The project will address the following fundamental questions in accretion disks the",{"id":84,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":85,"piName":14,"institution":86,"country":87,"year":13,"amount":88,"abstract":89},"cordis-european-research-council-award-279408","Towards a quantitative framework for understanding protein-protein interactions: from specific effects to protein ecology","UNIVERSITAT WIEN","AT","€1,495,790","Non-covalent protein-protein interactions underlie most of biological activity on the molecular level.  A binding event between two proteins typically consists of two stages: 1) a diffusional, non-specific search of the binding partners for each other, and 2) specific recognition of the compatible contact surfaces followed by complex-formation.  Despite significant progress in studying these processes, a number of open questions remain.  How do partners find each other in the crowded and interac",{"id":91,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":92,"piName":14,"institution":93,"country":47,"year":13,"amount":94,"abstract":95},"cordis-european-research-council-award-279100","Biomimetic process design for tissue regeneration: from bench to bedside via in silico modelling","UNIVERSITE DE LIEGE","€1,191,440","Tissue engineering (TE), the interdisciplinary field combining biomedical and engineering sciences in the search for functional man-made organ replacements, has key issues with the quantity and quality of the generated products.  Protocols followed in the lab are mainly trial and error based, requiring a huge amount of manual interventions and lacking clear early time-point quality criteria to guide the process. As a result, these processes are very hard to scale up to industrial production leve",{"id":97,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":98,"piName":14,"institution":99,"country":100,"year":13,"amount":101,"abstract":102},"cordis-european-research-council-award-280153","Modal analysis of atmospheric balance, predictability and climate","UNIVERZA V LJUBLJANI","SI","€495,482","Despite large progress in modelling of atmospheric processes and computing capabilities and concentrated efforts to increase complexity of the atmospheric models, the assessment of accuracy of natural atmospheric climate variability, its predictability and interaction with anthropogenic influences is far from well understood. This project aims to advance scientific understanding of dynamical properties of the atmosphere and climate systems over many spatial and temporal scales.It is proposed to ",{"id":104,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":105,"piName":14,"institution":106,"country":107,"year":13,"amount":108,"abstract":109},"cordis-european-research-council-award-258753","Quantum Design in Carbon Nanotubes","WEIZMANN INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE","IL","€1,499,940","Quantum design, the ability to control the microscopic properties of a quantum system, has proven to be an invaluable tool in experimental physics. Carbon nanotubes are an ideal system to implement quantum design in the solid-state; their strongly interacting electrons, unusual spin properties, and unique mechanical qualities make them an excellent platform for studying quantum phenomena in low dimensions. However, for many years this potential has been hindered by the dominance of strong electr",{"id":111,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":112,"piName":14,"institution":40,"country":12,"year":13,"amount":113,"abstract":114},"cordis-european-research-council-award-259133","The Low Energy Limit of String Theory and the Observable World","€945,000","The long-standing challenge of string theory, confronting the real world, has become more pressing and at the same time tangible in view of the upcoming LHC. Since the low energy limit of the theory is the main stage where predictions can be compared with experimental data, the goal of this project is to develop a new unified framework to formulate, compute and analyze this limit and its phenomenology. Understanding the low energy limit of string theory at the level where it can be confronted wi",{"id":116,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":117,"piName":14,"institution":118,"country":119,"year":13,"amount":120,"abstract":121},"cordis-european-research-council-award-261152","Soft, Slimy, Sliding Interfaces: Biotribological Properties of Mucins and Mucus gels","DANMARKS TEKNISKE UNIVERSITET","DK","€1,432,920","Mucins are a family of high-molecular-weight glycoproteins and a major macromolecular constituent in slimy mucus gels that are covering the surface of internal biological tissues.  A primary role of mucus gels in biological systems is known to be the protection and lubrication of underlying epithelial cell surfaces.  This is intuitively well appreciated by both science community and the public, and yet detailed lubrication properties of mucins and mucus gels have remained largely unexplored to d",{"id":123,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":124,"piName":14,"institution":40,"country":12,"year":13,"amount":125,"abstract":126},"cordis-european-research-council-award-257720","Resolving Galaxy formation: Small-scale Internal physics in the Cosmological context","€988,400","The formation of dark matter structures in our Universe can be explained by the standard cosmological model, but the populations of galaxies observed in the distant and nearby Universe pose major challenges to our understanding of galaxy formation. There is increasing recognition that the visible, baryonic part of galaxies does not passively follow the hierarchical build-up of dark halos. A large part of the baryons can be accreted from cold gas flows along the cosmic web. The evolution of galax",{"id":128,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":129,"piName":14,"institution":130,"country":131,"year":13,"amount":14,"abstract":132},"cordis-european-research-council-award-283464","Charting the Digital: Digital Mapping Practices as New Media Cultures","UNIVERSITY OF WARWICK","UK","Maps have changed and with that our sense of space and spatial awareness. The key objective of this research programme is to develop a framework for the conceptualization of digital maps as new techno-cultural phenomena. Digital maps allow a greater degree of interaction between users and mapping interfaces than analogue maps do. Instead of just reading maps, users have far more influence on how maps look. Whether a navigation device that adjusts its route-display according to where the driver c",{"id":134,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":135,"piName":14,"institution":136,"country":131,"year":13,"amount":14,"abstract":137},"cordis-european-research-council-award-279753","Optimal Imaging with Present and Future Coherent X-ray Sources","UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHAMPTON","The rapid development of high-brilliance X-ray sources in the last decade has opened the way to extremely powerful imaging modalities. Third generation synchrotron sources and newly built X-ray free-electron lasers offer a very high flux and can produce X-ray beams with excellent coherence properties. Imaging techniques that rely on the coherence of the incoming field can give access to phase contrast signal, known to be much stronger than absorption in the hard X-ray regime, and even make possi",{"id":139,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":140,"piName":14,"institution":141,"country":142,"year":13,"amount":143,"abstract":144},"cordis-european-research-council-award-284262","Boom and Bust Cycles in Asset Prices: Real Implications and Monetary Policy Options","UNIVERSITAET MANNHEIM","DE","€769,440","I seek increasing our understanding of the origin of asset price booms and bust cycles and propose constructing structural dynamic equilibrium models that allow formalizing their interaction with the dynamics of consumption, hours worked, the current account, stock market trading activity, and monetary policy. For this purpose I propose developing macroeconomic models that relax the assumption of common knowledge of beliefs and preferences, incorporating instead subjective beliefs and learning a",{"id":146,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":147,"piName":14,"institution":148,"country":149,"year":13,"amount":150,"abstract":151},"cordis-european-research-council-award-277910","Discovery and Insight with Advanced Models Of  Nanoscale Dimensions","EIDGENOESSISCHE TECHNISCHE HOCHSCHULE ZUERICH","CH","€1,728,576","Generating knowledge about new materials and obtaining insight in their properties at the nanoscale level are highly relevant to the scientific objectives of the EU. Here, I propose to advance the current state of the art in atomistic modeling of complex systems. I aim at providing and establishing new tools that will allow for the description of large multi-component\u002Fmulti-phase systems at experimental temperature and pressure with predictive power and controlled error. Generality and ease of u",{"id":153,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":154,"piName":14,"institution":106,"country":107,"year":13,"amount":155,"abstract":156},"cordis-european-research-council-award-280532","Neural codes for space in complex multi-scale environments: Insights from the bat","€1,499,999","Studies of spatial navigation and neural codes for space have followed two parallel tracks over the last 100 years: One research approach was to study animal navigation in the wild over large spatial scales (kilometers); this approach focused on non-mammalian species and on behavioral studies, with hardly any research on the underlying brain mechanisms. The other approach was to study the navigation of mammals (mostly rats) in mazes and small arenas; this approach revealed 'place cells' in the h",{"id":158,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":159,"piName":14,"institution":160,"country":12,"year":13,"amount":161,"abstract":162},"cordis-european-research-council-award-261105","Dissecting a Novel Mechanism of Cell Motility","CENTRE NATIONAL DE LA RECHERCHE SCIENTIFIQUE CNRS","€1,437,693","Cell motility is essential for many biological processes, including development and pathogenesis. Thus, themolecular mechanisms underlying this process have been intensively studied in many cell systems, forexample, leukocytes, amoeba and even bacteria. Intriguingly, bacteria are also able to move across solidsurfaces (gliding motility) like eukaryotic cells by a process that has remained largely mysterious. Theemergence of bacterial cell biology: the discovery that the bacterial cell also has a",{"id":164,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":165,"piName":14,"institution":166,"country":142,"year":13,"amount":167,"abstract":168},"cordis-european-research-council-award-259166","Simulation, Optimization and Control of High-AltitudeWind Power Generators","ALBERT-LUDWIGS-UNIVERSITAET FREIBURG","€1,499,800","A new class of large scale wind power generators shall be investigated viamathematical modelling, computer simulation and multidisciplinary optimization methods. The underlyingtechnical idea is to use fast flying tethered airfoils that fly in altitudes of several hundredmeters above the ground. They will perform specially controlled loops accompanied by line lengthand line tension variations, that are used to drive a generator on the ground.Being a high risk \u002F high gain technology, the applicant",{"id":170,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":171,"piName":14,"institution":172,"country":142,"year":13,"amount":173,"abstract":174},"cordis-european-research-council-award-258926","Sparse and Low Rank Recovery","RHEINISCH-WESTFAELISCHE TECHNISCHE HOCHSCHULE AACHEN","€1,010,220","Compressive sensing is a novel field in signal processing at the interface of applied mathematics, electrical engineering and computer science, which caught significant interest over the past five years. It provides a fundamentally new approach to signal acquisition and processing that has large potential for many applications. Compressive sensing (sparse recovery) predicts the surprising phenomenon that many sparse signals (i.e. many real-world signals) can be recovered from what was previously",{"id":176,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":177,"piName":14,"institution":86,"country":87,"year":13,"amount":178,"abstract":179},"cordis-european-research-council-award-260304","Molecular mechanisms of autophagosome formation","€1,163,832","During autophagy initially small double membrane-bound structures expand and adopt cup-like shapes. These cup-shaped structures fuse at their rims to give rise to autophagosomes within which cytoplasmic material is enclosed. Subsequently autophagosomes fuse with endosomes and lysosomes and the content and the inner membrane are degraded. Autophagy serves to recycle essential building blocks during starvation, to degrade damaged organelles, to clear cells of protein aggregates and to kill intrace",{"id":181,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":182,"piName":14,"institution":58,"country":34,"year":13,"amount":183,"abstract":184},"cordis-european-research-council-award-261177","From neurons to behaviour: Context representation and memory reconsolidation in the entorhinal hippocampal system","€1,474,872","One of the most intriguing topics in neuroscience and memory research today is ‘reconsolidation’: the phenomenon that a brief reminder renders an already consolidated memory labile again and that this fragile memory requires de novo protein synthesis to be reconsolidated. However, the functional role and the neural mechanisms of reconsolidation in humans are unclear. Another exciting line of research in neuroscience, based on the discovery of spatially tuned hippocampal place and entorhinal grid",{"id":186,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":187,"piName":14,"institution":40,"country":12,"year":13,"amount":188,"abstract":189},"cordis-european-research-council-award-280126","Ultimate measurement of the W boson mass with ATLAS, at the LHC","€1,259,760","Widely advertised as a discovery machine, the LHC proton collider at CERN will also provide large samples of standard particles, allowing the final, most precise experimental determination of some fundamental parameters of particle physics theory. Together with the expected discoveries, these measurements will allow to elucidate the dynamics of electroweak symmetry breaking. The aim of the present project is to organize and realize a precise measurement of the W resonance parameters, and in part",{"id":191,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":192,"piName":14,"institution":106,"country":107,"year":13,"amount":193,"abstract":194},"cordis-european-research-council-award-260392","Synthetic metabolic pathways for carbon fixation","€1,498,792","Carbon fixation is the main pathway for storing energy and accumulating biomass in the living world. It is also the principal reason for humanity s utilization of land and water. Under human cultivation, carbon fixation significantly limits growth. Hence increasing carbon fixation rate is of major importance towards agricultural and energetic sustainability.Are there limits on the rate of such central metabolic pathways? Attempts to improve the rate of Rubisco, the key enzyme in the Calvin-Benso",{"id":196,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":197,"piName":14,"institution":198,"country":199,"year":13,"amount":14,"abstract":200},"cordis-european-research-council-award-260797","Functional and regulatory protein networks of chromatin modifying enzymes","UNIVERSITY OF CYPRUS","CY","Proper and controlled expression of genes is essential for normal cell growth. Chromatin modifying enzymes play afundamental role in the control of gene expression and their deregulation is often linked to cancer. In recent years chromatinmodifiers have been considered key targets for cancer therapy and this demands a full understanding of their biologicalfunctions. Previous biochemical and structural studies have focused on the identification of chromatin modifying enzymesand characterization o",{"id":202,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":203,"piName":14,"institution":106,"country":107,"year":13,"amount":28,"abstract":204},"cordis-european-research-council-award-260463","Dissecting the Central Stress Response: Bridging the Genotype-Phenotype Gap","The biological response to stress is concerned with the maintenance of homeostasis in the presence of real or perceived challenges. This process requires numerous adaptive responses involving changes in the central nervous and neuroendocrine systems. When a situation is perceived as stressful, the brain activates many neuronal circuits linking centers involved in sensory, motor, autonomic, neuroendocrine, cognitive, and emotional functions in order to adapt to the demand. However, the details of",{"id":206,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":207,"piName":14,"institution":208,"country":142,"year":13,"amount":209,"abstract":210},"cordis-european-research-council-award-261302","Priming epithelial cell activation to regenerate the lung","HELMHOLTZ ZENTRUM MUENCHEN DEUTSCHES FORSCHUNGSZENTRUM FUER GESUNDHEIT UND UMWELT GMBH","€1,291,670","Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), a global health problem, will be the third leading cause of death by 2020. No effective therapy exists for COPD, which is characterized by a progressive loss of lung tissue, in particular functional alveolar epithelium, due to the inability of the lung to regenerate. Thus, regeneration of functional lung tissue would be a tremendous step forward, which has not been demonstrated as of yet.The alveolar epithelium is essential for normal lung function a",{"id":212,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":213,"piName":14,"institution":214,"country":215,"year":13,"amount":14,"abstract":216},"cordis-european-research-council-award-258789","Cooper pairs as a source of entanglement","BUDAPESTI MUSZAKI ES GAZDASAGTUDOMANYI EGYETEM","HU","Entanglement and non-locality are spectacular fundamentals of quantum mechanics and basic resources of future quantum computation algorithms. Electronic entanglement has attracted increasing attention during the last years. The electron spin as a purely quantum mechanical two level system has been put forward as a promising candidate for storing quantum information in solid state. Recently, great progress has been achieved in manipulation and read-out of quantum dot based spin Qubits.  However, ",{"id":218,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":219,"piName":14,"institution":172,"country":142,"year":13,"amount":220,"abstract":221},"cordis-european-research-council-award-279770","Frontiers of Integrated Silicon Nanophotonics in Telecommunications","€1,917,080","In the last decade, Silicon Photonics has been a rapidly growing field fueled by the promise of highly scalable, ultra-low power, high bandwidth and low cost silicon based optical communication systems. The last few years have seen the emergence of several dedicated world-class research groups, a dedicated international conference, heavy investments by the semiconductor industry giants, multiple private equity funded start-ups, as well as dedicated multi-user foundry services. Nevertheless, seve",{"id":223,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":224,"piName":14,"institution":86,"country":87,"year":13,"amount":225,"abstract":226},"cordis-european-research-council-award-259527","ANALYTIC PROPERTIES OF INFINITE GROUPS:limits, curvature, and randomness","€1,065,500","The overall goal of this project is to develop new concepts and techniques in geometric and asymptotic group theory for a systematic study of the analytic properties of discrete groups. These are properties depending on the unitary representation theory of the group. The fundamental  examples are amenability, discovered by von Neumann in 1929, and property (T), introduced by Kazhdan in 1967.My main objective is to establish the precise relations between groups recently appeared in K-theory and t",{"id":228,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":229,"piName":14,"institution":118,"country":119,"year":13,"amount":230,"abstract":231},"cordis-european-research-council-award-281579","Environmental Effects and Risk Evaluation of Engineered Nanoparticles","€1,196,260","The objective of the project Environmental Effects and Risk Evaluation of Engineered Nanoparticles (EnvNano) is to elucidate the particle specific properties that govern the ecotoxicological effects of engineered nanoparticles and in this way shift the paradigm for environmental risk assessment of nanomaterials.While current activities in the emerging field of nano-ecotoxicology and environmental risk assessment of nanomaterials are based on the assumption that the methodologies developed for ch",{"id":233,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":234,"piName":14,"institution":33,"country":34,"year":13,"amount":235,"abstract":236},"cordis-european-research-council-award-279729","New Advances through the boundaries of Poisson Geometry","€1,100,000","This project proposes new research directions that originate in the field of Poisson Geometry and which reach out towards other fields of Differential Geometry and Topology. It can also be seen as the development of a new field- Poisson Topology, the birth of which is clearly predicted by the  recent results of the PI on stability of symplectic leaves.Aims:1. solving some of the most fundamental open problems in Poisson Geometry.2. breaking the current boundaries of Poisson Geometry and bringing",{"id":238,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":239,"piName":14,"institution":46,"country":47,"year":13,"amount":240,"abstract":241},"cordis-european-research-council-award-280064","Plasmonics-based Energy Harvesting for Catalysis","€1,499,120","Many critical photochemical and photophysical processes, from photosynthesis in plants, to photocatalytic reactions, and to generation of electricity in solar cells, depend on an efficient light-matter interaction. In order to increase, for example, the efficiency of photocatalysis, the interaction of the photocatalyst with light has to be increased. This project will pursue two lines of investigation in order to achieve this.  Firstly, the concept of light-harvesting will be exploited. Light en",{"id":243,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":244,"piName":14,"institution":40,"country":12,"year":13,"amount":245,"abstract":246},"cordis-european-research-council-award-256965","Understanding the Electronic Properties of Carbon Nanotubes and Graphene as Quantum Conductors","€1,041,240","In low-dimensional systems the strength of electronic interactions is enhanced, which can give rise to fascinating phenomena such as charge fractionalization, spin-charge separation and fractional or non-Abelian statistics. Furthermore, the effects of disorder and external factors (such as the substrate, the leads, magnetic fields, or the coupling with a gate or an STM tip), are much stronger in low-dimensional systems than in three-dimensional systems, and can greatly alter their properties. Th",{"id":248,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":249,"piName":14,"institution":106,"country":107,"year":13,"amount":250,"abstract":251},"cordis-european-research-council-award-260432","Prokaryotic RNomics: Unravelling the RNA-mediated regulatory layers","€1,499,540","Pioneering studies from the recent year, including those published by the PI of this proposal, are revolutionizing our perception of prokaryotic transcriptomes, and reveal unexpected regulatory complexity. Two central concepts are arising: the unanticipated abundance of cis-antisense RNAs overlapping protein coding genes, and alternative transcripts resulting from a dynamic behaviour of operon structures (where genes can be included or excluded from a polycistronic transcript in response to envi",{"id":253,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":254,"piName":14,"institution":33,"country":34,"year":13,"amount":255,"abstract":256},"cordis-european-research-council-award-263308","The here and the hereafter in Islamic traditions","€978,368","The aim of this project is to write a history of the Muslim paradise and hell. Researchers (PI, RF and two doctoral researchers) will assess the extent to which Islamic traditions favour or reject a view of human existence as directed toward the otherworld. They will do so by examining a variety of intellectual traditions from the inception of Islam in the 7th century CE until today. The focus of investigation will not just be on the ‘high tradition’ of Islamic theology and jurisprudence, but al",{"id":258,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":259,"piName":14,"institution":260,"country":142,"year":13,"amount":14,"abstract":261},"cordis-european-research-council-award-279476","Dynamics and Self-organisation in Complex Cytoskeletal Networks","TECHNISCHE UNIVERSITAET MUENCHEN","The requirements on the eukaryotic cytoskeleton are not only of high complexity, but include demands that are actually contradictory in the first place: While the dynamic character of cytoskeletal structures is essential for the motility of cells, their ability for morphological reorganisations and cell division, the structural integrity of cells relies on the stability of cytoskeletal structures. From a biophysical point of view, this dynamic structure formation and stabilization stems from a s",{"id":263,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":264,"piName":14,"institution":148,"country":149,"year":13,"amount":14,"abstract":265},"cordis-european-research-council-award-281490","Synthetic regulatory circuits for programmable control of cell physiology","The newly emerging discipline of Synthetic Biology holds the promise of radically changing the way we probe, control and augment living matter from single cells to entire organisms, and revolutionize basic biological research, biotechnology, and medicine. However, practical work toward these important goals is still in its infancy, in part because concrete approaches to achieve rational control of cell physiology are currently lacking. In order to advance this vision, here we propose a detailed ",{"id":267,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":268,"piName":14,"institution":269,"country":131,"year":13,"amount":270,"abstract":271},"cordis-european-research-council-award-261151","Macromolecular machines that regulate mRNA poly(A) tails: mechanisms of polyadenylation and deadenylation","MEDICAL RESEARCH COUNCIL","€1,124,064","The objective of my laboratory is to understand the mechanisms of mRNA polyadenylation and deadenylation, thereby providing fundamental insight into the regulation of eukaryotic gene expression.  These objectives will be met through an integrated, multidisciplinary approach combining structural, biochemical, biophysical and yeast genetic techniques.  Specifically, I propose to establish how mRNA poly(A) tail position and length are determined by the Cleavage and Polyadenylation Factor (CPF) and ",{"id":273,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":274,"piName":14,"institution":275,"country":142,"year":13,"amount":276,"abstract":277},"cordis-european-research-council-award-263227","Indeterminism Ltd.:An intervention on the free will debate","UNIVERSITAT KONSTANZ","€1,498,200","What is the place of man in nature? How do our everyday conceptions of ourselves and the things around us connect with a scientific picture of the world? These questions loom large in the background of the free will debate. We understand ourselves as free agents facing an open future – but is this a tenable picture vis-à-vis scientific findings? Conceptual as well as empirical neuroscientific arguments have recently led to a heated debate on free will that has reached well beyond the academic sp",{"id":279,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":280,"piName":14,"institution":106,"country":107,"year":13,"amount":28,"abstract":281},"cordis-european-research-council-award-278380","Predicting Properties of Large Heterogeneous Systems with Optimally-Tuned Range-Separated Hybrid Functionals","I propose to develop a broadly applicable, quantitatively reliable, computationally simple approach to the study of large heterogeneous systems, and to apply it to important problems in molecular and organic electronics and photovoltaics. This will be based on a radically different approach to the development and application of density functional theory (DFT) - determining an optimally yet non-empirically tuned system-specific functional, instead of seeking a universally applicable one.Large het",{"id":283,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":284,"piName":14,"institution":260,"country":142,"year":13,"amount":285,"abstract":286},"cordis-european-research-council-award-277889","Moduli spaces of local G-shtukas","€900,000","This project provides a novel approach to the local Langlands programme via a comprehensive investigation of local G-shtukas and their moduli spaces and the exploitation of their relations to Shimura varieties.Local G-shtukas are generalisations to arbitrary reductive groups of the local analogue of Drinfeld shtukas. They also are the function field counterpart of p-divisible groups. Hence moduli spaces of local G-shtukas are of great interest, in particular for the geometric realisation of loca",{"id":288,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":289,"piName":14,"institution":260,"country":142,"year":13,"amount":290,"abstract":291},"cordis-european-research-council-award-258941","Haptic Signal Processing and Communications","€1,489,000","During the last decade, audio-visual communication has shaped the way humans interact with technical systems or other humans. During the next decade, haptic communication has the potential to further augment human-to-human and human-to-machine interaction. With recent advances in Virtual Reality, Man-Machine Interaction, Telerobotics, Telepresence, and Telemanipulation, the processing and communication of haptic signals are rapidly gaining in relevance and are becoming an enabling technology for",{"id":293,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":294,"piName":14,"institution":295,"country":149,"year":13,"amount":14,"abstract":296},"cordis-european-research-council-award-259530","Communication and Computation - Two Sides of One Tapestry","ECOLE POLYTECHNIQUE FEDERALE DE LAUSANNE","Networks have been studied in depth for several decades, but one aspect has received little attention: Interference. Most networks use clever algorithms to avoid interference, and this strategy has proved effective for traditional supply-chain or wired communication networks. However, the emergence of wireless networks revealed that simply avoiding interference leads to significant performance loss. A wealth of cooperative communication strategies have recently been developed to address this iss",{"id":298,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":299,"piName":14,"institution":40,"country":12,"year":13,"amount":28,"abstract":300},"cordis-european-research-council-award-263584","From implicit timing in the brain to explicit time abstraction in the mind.","When is now? What mental representations and neural computations mediate the construction of our perceived present? If seeing starts through the retinal transduction of photons, there is no dedicated sensory receptor for the transduction of time per se",{"id":302,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":303,"piName":14,"institution":304,"country":131,"year":13,"amount":305,"abstract":306},"cordis-european-research-council-award-263501","Physical built environments and health inequalities","THE UNIVERSITY OF EDINBURGH","€1,399,570","Recent multidisciplinary research has found that inequalities in health status between populations living in areas differentiated by area-level measures of social deprivation continue to increase in most countries in the EU and elsewhere. However, the mechanisms underpinning rising health inequalities are poorly understood. The focus of this study is Scotland, a country with particularly poor health outcomes and high levels of health inequalities. Using novel methods this study aims to investiga",{"id":308,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":309,"piName":14,"institution":160,"country":12,"year":13,"amount":310,"abstract":311},"cordis-european-research-council-award-256919","Semidefinite Programming with Applications in Statistical Learning","€1,148,460","Interior point algorithms and a dramatic growth in computing power have revolutionized optimization inthe last two decades. Highly nonlinear problems which were previously thought intractable are nowroutinely solved at reasonable scales. Semidefinite programs (i.e. linear programs on the cone of positivesemidefinite matrices) are a perfect example of this trend: reasonably large, highly nonlinear but convexeigenvalue optimization problems are now solved efficiently by reliable numerical packages",{"id":313,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":314,"piName":14,"institution":315,"country":149,"year":13,"amount":14,"abstract":316},"cordis-european-research-council-award-279518","Compound Specific Hydrogen Isotope Analyses of Leaf Wax n-Alkanes as a Novel Tool to Assess Plant and Ecosystem Water Relations Across new Spatial and Temporal Scales","UNIVERSITAT BASEL","Leaf wax n-alkanes are long-chained lipids that are vital components of plant cuticles. What makes leaf wax n-alkanes unique is that their stable hydrogen isotope composition (δD) contains information on precipitation and plant water relations. In addition, leaf wax n-alkanes are abundant in leaves, soils, sediments and even the atmosphere and can persist with their δD values over millions of years. With this exceptional combination of properties, leaf wax n-alkanes and their δD values are now b",{"id":318,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":319,"piName":14,"institution":106,"country":107,"year":13,"amount":320,"abstract":321},"cordis-european-research-council-award-280991","Algal Bloom Dynamics: From Cellular Mechanisms to Trophic Level Interactions","€1,999,648","Marine phytoplankton are the basis of marine food webs and are responsible for nearly 50% of the global annual carbon-based primary production. Since phytoplankton exert such a global-scale influence on climate, we are interested in understanding what controls their cell fate during bloom “boom and bust” dynamics. Despite their importance, the molecular basis for their ecological success is still in its infancy. In recent years, the wealth of genomic information from marine microbes, coupled wit",{"id":323,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":324,"piName":14,"institution":325,"country":142,"year":13,"amount":326,"abstract":327},"cordis-european-research-council-award-258604","A Novel Detection Scheme to Enable Point of Care Flow Cytometry","FRAUNHOFER GESELLSCHAFT ZUR FORDERUNG DER ANGEWANDTEN FORSCHUNG EV","€1,427,825","In PoCyton, a revolutionary concept for the detection zone of a flow cytometer is proposed. Flow cytometers are fluorescence-based cell counters and as such are indispensable instruments in clinical and biomedical research. Over the last four decades, despite gradual technical improvements in the constituent components, the detection principle has virtually remained unchanged. Fluorescently tagged cells in suspension are made to flow through a narrow focal excitation area and then detected via t",{"id":329,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":330,"piName":14,"institution":208,"country":142,"year":13,"amount":331,"abstract":332},"cordis-european-research-council-award-281666","Specificity of Rc3h1\u002F2 proteins in post-transcriptional control of immunity and autoimmune disease","€1,392,400","We are constantly protected by our adaptive immune system. Its functioning requires precise control of gene expression in lymphocytes, since deregulation can cause autoimmune diseases (affecting ~5% of our population) as well as allergic reactions (~9-16%, with increasing incidence). Post-transcriptional control of gene expression is crucial in many immune decisions, however the determinants of specificity in this type of regulation are less well defined. The recently described Rc3h1 or Roquin p",{"id":334,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":335,"piName":14,"institution":58,"country":34,"year":13,"amount":14,"abstract":336},"cordis-european-research-council-award-284167","Beyond the Genetics of Addiction","My proposal seeks to explain the complex interplay between genetic and environmental causes of individual variation in substance use and the risk for abuse. Substance use is common. Substances like nicotine and cannabis have well-known negative health consequences, while alcohol and caffeine use may be both beneficial and detrimental, depending on quantity and frequency of use. Twin studies (including my own) demonstrated that both heritable and environmental factors play a role.My proposal on s",{"id":338,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":339,"piName":14,"institution":208,"country":142,"year":13,"amount":340,"abstract":341},"cordis-european-research-council-award-259294","Modelling latent causes in molecular networks","€1,238,590","In systems biology, we aim at deriving gene-regulatory or signaling models based on multivariate readouts, thereby generating predictions for novel experiments. However any model only approximates reality, leaving out details or other types of regulation. Here I ask why a given model fails to predict a set of observations with acceptable accuracy and how to refine the model using this experimental knowledge. This resembles a question from signal processing, namely the blind identification of hid",{"id":343,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":344,"piName":14,"institution":106,"country":107,"year":13,"amount":345,"abstract":346},"cordis-european-research-council-award-281906","Uncovering the Mechanisms of Epigenetic Reprogramming of Pluripotent and Somatic Cell States","€1,960,000","The generation of animals by nuclear transfer demonstrated that the epigenetic state of somatic cells could be reset to an embryonic state, capable of directing the development of a new organism. The nuclear cloning technology is of interest for transplantation medicine, but any application is hampered by the inefficiency and ethical problems. A breakthrough solving these issues has been the in vitro derivation of reprogrammed Induced Pluripotent Stem “iPS” cells by the ectopic expression of def",{"id":348,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":349,"piName":14,"institution":75,"country":34,"year":13,"amount":350,"abstract":351},"cordis-european-research-council-award-278794","Advanced Antenna Architecture for THZ Sensing Instruments","€1,499,487","The Tera-Hertz portion of the spectrum presents unique potentials for advanced applications. Currently the THz spectrum is revealing the mechanisms at the origin of our universe and provides the means to monitor the health of our planet via satellite based sensing of critical gases. Potentially time domain sensing of the THz spectrum will be the ideal tool for a vast variety of medical and security applications.Presently, systems in the THz regime are extremely expensive and consequently the THz",{"id":353,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":354,"piName":14,"institution":40,"country":12,"year":13,"amount":355,"abstract":356},"cordis-european-research-council-award-279170","Direct and Indirect Searches for New Physics with Diboson Final States at ATLAS","€904,190","The Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at the European Organisation for Nuclear Research (CERN) promises a major step forward in the understanding of the fundamental nature of matter. Four large experiments at the LHC are complementary addressing the question of the origin of our Universe by searching for the so-called New Physics.The ”Standard Model” (SM), the theory that reflects our understanding of elementary particles and their fundamental interactions, has been extensively studied and experimenta",{"id":358,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":359,"piName":14,"institution":160,"country":12,"year":13,"amount":360,"abstract":361},"cordis-european-research-council-award-259391","New light on the gamma-ray sky: unveiling cosmic-ray accelerators in the Milky Way and their relation to pulsar wind nebulae","€592,680","Gamma-ray Astronomy pinpoints celestial high energy particle accelerators and may reveal the origin of the cosmic-rays, a century after their discovery. Now is a time of extraordinary opportunity.  Cherenkov telescopes have opened up a new domain and more than 70 very-high energy gamma-ray sources have been detected above 100 GeV, especially by the European experiments H.E.S.S. and MAGIC. NASA's Fermi Large Area Telescope, devoted to the study of the gamma-ray sky between 20 MeV and 300 GeV, was",{"id":363,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":364,"piName":14,"institution":365,"country":34,"year":13,"amount":366,"abstract":367},"cordis-european-research-council-award-280030","Self replication in dynamic molecular networks","RIJKSUNIVERSITEIT GRONINGEN","€1,499,702","Self-replicating molecules have most likely played an important role in the origin of life. This proposal explores the use of dynamic combinatorial chemistry for identifying new self-replicating molecules. We will make dynamic combinatorial libraries of macrocyclic molecules of different ring sizes that can exchange building blocks through reversible covalent chemistry. The building blocks are equipped with peptides that are predisposed to form beta-sheets. The building blocks, which carry only ",{"id":369,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":370,"piName":14,"institution":371,"country":372,"year":13,"amount":373,"abstract":374},"cordis-european-research-council-award-260963","Floral Integrating Networks at the Shoot Apical Meristem of Rice","UNIVERSITA DEGLI STUDI DI MILANO","IT","€1,499,880","Discriminating differences in day length is critical for many organisms to synchronize reproduction with the most favourable season of the year. Plants have evolved sophisticated time-keeping mechanisms that largely work in leaves, to measure the duration of the day. Upon perception of favourable day lengths, a leaf-borne signal moves to the shoot apical meristem to induce flower formation. Rice is a crop whose yield heavily depends on flowering at the right time, and genetic variation within le",{"id":376,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":377,"piName":14,"institution":365,"country":34,"year":13,"amount":378,"abstract":379},"cordis-european-research-council-award-280010","Modular Assembly of DNA-based systems; bio-inspired artificial allosteric assemblies","€1,430,003","Artificial allosteric systems, i.e. (semi-)synthetic systems that give an autonomous response to changes in their environment, are of great interest for applications as sensors, drug delivery and drug targeting.The overall aim of this proposal is the development of bio-inspired DNA-based artificial allosteric systems that are of interest for biological and bio-medical applications.In the present proposal, DNA will be used as the general scaffold for the design and construction of artificial allo",{"id":381,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":382,"piName":14,"institution":160,"country":12,"year":13,"amount":14,"abstract":383},"cordis-european-research-council-award-281749","Small RNA-directed control of the plant and animal innate immune responses","The innate immune response is the first line of defence against pathogens, which is initiated by the detection of pathogen-derived signatures referred to as Pathogen-Associated Molecular Patterns (PAMPs). Plants and animals sense PAMPs and in turn differentially regulate a large set of immune response genes, among which microRNAs (miRNAs) were recently identified. In the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana, dozens of miRNAs are PAMP-responsive, among them we found that a conserved miRNA contributes",{"id":385,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":386,"piName":14,"institution":365,"country":34,"year":13,"amount":14,"abstract":387},"cordis-european-research-council-award-263890","Between Direct and Indirect Discourse: Shifting Perspective in Blended Discourse","A fundamental feature of language is that it allows us to reproduce what others have said. It is traditionally assumed that thereare two ways of doing this: direct discourse, where you preserve the original speech act verbatim, and indirect discourse,where you paraphrase it in your own words. In accordance with this dichotomy, linguists have posited a number of universalcharacteristics to distinguish the two modes. At the same time, we are seeing more and more examples that seem to fallsomewhere",{"id":389,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":390,"piName":14,"institution":371,"country":372,"year":13,"amount":391,"abstract":392},"cordis-european-research-council-award-282413","SPHERE: Susceptibility to Particle Health Effects, miRNAs and Exosomes","€1,444,742","In spite of more than two decades of mechanistic research, the recent statement of air pollution and Cardiovascular Diseases (CVD) from the American Heart Association remarked that at front of high degree of consistency of the epidemiology findings showing increased air pollution related CVD risk, the evidence on intermediate mechanisms remains moderate or weak. Exosomes might be the ideal candidate to mediate the effects of air pollution, since potentially they could be produced by the respirat",{"id":394,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":395,"piName":14,"institution":396,"country":47,"year":13,"amount":14,"abstract":397},"cordis-european-research-council-award-280141","CRyptographic Algorithms and Secure Hardware","UNIVERSITE CATHOLIQUE DE LOUVAIN","Side-channel attacks are an important threat against cryptographic implementations in which an adversary takes advantage of physical leakages, such as the power consumption of a smart card, in order to recover secret information. By circumventing the models in which standard security proofs are obtained, they can lead to powerful attacks against a large class of devices. As a consequence, formalizing implementation security and efficiently preventing side-channel attacks is one of the most chall",{"id":399,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":400,"piName":14,"institution":160,"country":12,"year":13,"amount":401,"abstract":402},"cordis-european-research-council-award-263523","Philosophy of Canonical Quantum Gravity","€1,478,386","This research proposal addresses from a philosophical perspective the greatest unsolved problem of theoretical physics, namely the formulation of a quantum theory of gravity. Quantum mechanics and general relativity are the two main revolutions of 20th century physics. These theories have radically modified our conceptions about time, space, motion, matter and causality. However, the formulation of a quantum theory of gravity capable of harmonizing these new insights in a consistent synthesis re",{"id":404,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":405,"piName":14,"institution":396,"country":47,"year":13,"amount":406,"abstract":407},"cordis-european-research-council-award-278469","Simple locally compact groups: exploring the boundaries of the linear world","€848,640","The theory of locally compact groups stretches out between two antipodes: on one hand, connected groups whose structure, according to the solution to Hilbert fifth problem, is governed by Lie theory and is thus relatively rigid, and on the other hand, discrete groups, which are subject to a spectacular variety of behaviours, going from the most stringent rigidity properties to the most intriguing pathological ones. The goal of this research program is to explore the wide space lying between thes",{"id":409,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":410,"piName":14,"institution":411,"country":34,"year":13,"amount":28,"abstract":412},"cordis-european-research-council-award-280061","Quantifying CO2 emissions from tropical deforestation to ‘close’ the global carbon budget","STICHTING VU","The land and oceans have mitigated climate change by taking up about half of the anthropogenic CO2 emitted since the industrial revolution. However, these ‘sinks’ are predicted to lose their efficiency. Globally, the combined sink strength of the land and ocean can be calculated indirectly as the difference between anthropogenic emissions – from fossil fuel burning and deforestation – and the atmospheric CO2 increase. However, large uncertainty in the deforestation term masks out potential chang",{"id":414,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":415,"piName":14,"institution":160,"country":12,"year":13,"amount":416,"abstract":417},"cordis-european-research-council-award-284231","FROM DECISIONISM TO RATIONAL CHOICE: A History of Political Decision-Making in the 20th Century","€628,004","Historians have good reasons to be highly suspicious of the “rational choice” methodologies that hold sway in economics, political science or sociology and that find a new lease on life today with the rise of the cognitive sciences. On the other hand, researchers using these methodologies show usually very little interest in history. The result is that we know very little about the historical development of  “rational choice” as a way to define rationality in action, while this intellectual para",{"id":419,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":420,"piName":14,"institution":160,"country":12,"year":13,"amount":421,"abstract":422},"cordis-european-research-council-award-258865","Provably secure systems: foundations, design, and modularity","€1,470,000","Security protocols are short distributed computer programs dedicated to securing communications on digital networks. They are designed to achieve various goals such as data privacy and data authenticity, even when communication channels are controlled by malicious users. Their increasing penetration in many important applications makes it a very important research challenge to design and establish security properties. In the last decade, formal approaches and automated verification techniques ha",{"id":424,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":425,"piName":14,"institution":160,"country":12,"year":13,"amount":426,"abstract":427},"cordis-european-research-council-award-263067","Neurophysiological and functional mechanisms of human voluntary action control","€1,466,160","Humans carry out actions either in response to environmental demands, or independently of external input in order to achieve their goals. The first type of action may be referred to as stimulus-based or reactive, the latter kind may be referred to as intention-based or voluntary. Voluntary actions are an important component of our interaction with the environment and our social lives. Yet, research on human action has only relatively recently begun to try to understand the control of voluntary a",{"id":429,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":430,"piName":14,"institution":411,"country":34,"year":13,"amount":431,"abstract":432},"cordis-european-research-council-award-281443","Optical dissection of circuits underlying fast cholinergic signalling during cognitive behaviour","€1,499,242","Our ability to think, to memorize and focus our thoughts depends on acetylcholine signaling in the brain. The loss of cholinergic signalling in for instance Alzheimer’s disease strongly compromises these cognitive abilities. The traditional view on the role of cholinergic input to the neocortex is that slowly changing levels of extracellular acetylcholine (ACh) mediate different arousal states. This view has been challenged by recent studies demonstrating that rapid phasic changes in ACh levels ",{"id":434,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":435,"piName":14,"institution":436,"country":372,"year":13,"amount":437,"abstract":438},"cordis-european-research-council-award-258325","New generation of high sensitive atom interferometers","CONSIGLIO NAZIONALE DELLE RICERCHE","€1,068,000","Interferometers are fundamental tools for the study of nature laws and for the precise measurement and control of the physical world. In the last century, the scientific and technological progress has proceeded in parallel with a constant improvement of interferometric performances. For this reason, the challenge of conceiving and realizing new generations of interferometers with broader ranges of operation and with higher sensitivities is always open and actual.Despite the introduction of laser",{"id":440,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":441,"piName":14,"institution":160,"country":12,"year":13,"amount":442,"abstract":443},"cordis-european-research-council-award-259285","Chemical EXchanges On WATER-rich worlds: Experimentation and numerical modelling","€1,481,400","The present project is dedicated to the characterization of chemical exchanges within water-rich bodies including icy moons of Jupiter and Saturn as well as exoplanets that may be discovered in a near future.  Recent spacecraft missions, Galileo (1996-2003) and Cassini-Huygens (2004-today), have revealed that complex chemical exchanges between their warm silicate inner core and their water-rich outer layer have occur on Enceladus, Europa and Titan.  Similar exchange processes are also likely to ",{"id":445,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":446,"piName":14,"institution":447,"country":448,"year":13,"amount":449,"abstract":450},"cordis-european-research-council-award-263773","'Crimmigration': Crime Control in the Borderlands of Europe","UNIVERSITETET I OSLO","NO","€1,309,800","Control of migration is becoming an increasingly important task of contemporary policing and criminal justice agencies. The purpose of this project is to map the progressive intertwining and merging of crime control and migration control practices in Europe and to examine their implications.The project is guided by three sets of research questions: 1) How do contemporary police and criminal justice institutions deal with unwanted mobility and the influx of „aliens‟ (i.e. non-citizens) to their t",{"id":452,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":453,"piName":14,"institution":454,"country":455,"year":13,"amount":456,"abstract":457},"cordis-european-research-council-award-258299","Ion Spectroscopy of Reaction Intermediates","UNIVERZITA KARLOVA","CZ","€1,294,800","Modern chemistry experiences a fast development of new reactions with dominance in organometallics and recently also organocatalysis. The massive synthetic progress however greatly foreruns mechanistic studies and the deeper insight is often rather limited. This large unexplored area accordingly challenges pioneering research and formulation of new concepts in chemistry. The present research project uses the most powerful tools of several research disciplines and aims towards the investigation o",{"id":459,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":460,"piName":14,"institution":160,"country":12,"year":13,"amount":461,"abstract":462},"cordis-european-research-council-award-278025","Complex Media Investigation with Adaptive Optics","€1,497,000","Wave propagation in complex (disordered) media stretches our knowledge to the limit in many different fields of physics. It has important applications in seismology, acoustics, radar, and condensed matter. It is a problem of large fundamental interest, notably for the study of Anderson localization.In optics, it is of great importance in photonic devices, such as photonic crystals, plasmonic structures or random lasers. It is also at the heart of many biomedical-imaging issues: scattering ultima",{"id":464,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":465,"piName":14,"institution":466,"country":142,"year":13,"amount":467,"abstract":468},"cordis-european-research-council-award-257039","Constraint Satisfaction Problems: Algorithms and Complexity","TECHNISCHE UNIVERSITAET DRESDEN","€830,316","The complexity of Constraint Satisfaction Problems (CSPs) has become a major common research focus of graph theory, artificial intelligence, and finite model theory. A recently discovered connection between the complexity of CSPs on finite domains to central problems in universal algebra led to additional activity in the area.The goal of this project is to extend the powerful techniques for constraint satisfaction to CSPs with infinite domains. The generalization of CSPs to infinite domains enha",{"id":470,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":471,"piName":14,"institution":472,"country":473,"year":13,"amount":14,"abstract":474},"cordis-european-research-council-award-260393","Global Environmental Decision Analysis","HELSINGIN YLIOPISTO","FI","Habitat degradation and climate change are generally considered the greatest threats to biodiversity globally. Together, these processes pose an urgent challenge to conservation science, requiring ever increasing efficiency in ecologically-based decision making, to slow down, and hopefully eventually reverse, the ongoing global loss of biodiversity. In responding to this challenge, I am proposing a project in which the over-arching goal is to provide improved conservation-oriented analytical met",{"id":476,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":477,"piName":14,"institution":472,"country":473,"year":13,"amount":235,"abstract":478},"cordis-european-research-council-award-278558","Analytic-probabilistic methods for borderline singular integrals","The proposal consists of an extensive research program to advance the understanding of singular integral operators of Harmonic Analysis in various situations on the borderline of the existing theory. This is to be achieved by a creative combination of techniques from Analysis and Probability. On top of the standard arsenal of modern Harmonic Analysis, the main probabilistic tools are the martingale transform inequalities of Burkholder, and random geometric constructions in the spirit of the rand",{"id":480,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":481,"piName":14,"institution":160,"country":12,"year":13,"amount":14,"abstract":482},"cordis-european-research-council-award-258748","The protein thermostability: same activity, different working temperature. A water problem? A rigidity\u002Fflexibility trade-off?","The proteins from thermophilic organisms are the objects of the present study. Here it is specifically proposed a study on the microscopic origin of proteins thermostability using a multi-computational approach. The multi-methodological strategy is a powerful tool for exploring this issue since it allows an investigation at many different levels of molecular details. Neutron Scattering experiments will complement the in silico investigation.The present study will tackle the issue of thermostabil",{"id":484,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":485,"piName":14,"institution":486,"country":487,"year":13,"amount":14,"abstract":488},"cordis-european-research-council-award-259152","Controlling Data Movement in the Digital Age","ETHNIKO KAI KAPODISTRIAKO PANEPISTIMIO ATHINON","EL","Nowadays human intellectual product is increasingly produced and disseminated solely in digital form. The capability of digital data for effortless reproduction and transfer has lead to a true revolution that impacts every aspect of human creativity. Nevertheless, as with every technological revolution, this digital media revolution comes with a dark side that, if left unaddressed, it will limit its impact and may counter its potential advantages. In particular, the way we produce and disseminat",{"id":490,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":491,"piName":14,"institution":160,"country":12,"year":13,"amount":492,"abstract":493},"cordis-european-research-council-award-279673","Asymptotic and Numerical Analysis of MOdels of Resonant Physics Involving Structured Materials","€1,280,391","One already available method to expand the range of material properties is to adjust the composition of materials at the molecular level using chemistry. We would like to develop the alternative approach of homogenization which broadens the definition of a material to include artificially structured media (fluids and solids) in which the effective electromagnetic, hydrodynamic or elastic responses result from a macroscopic patterning or arrangement of two or more distinct materials. This project",{"id":495,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":496,"piName":14,"institution":497,"country":372,"year":13,"amount":498,"abstract":499},"cordis-european-research-council-award-263277","Borderlands: Expanding Boundaries, Governance, and Power in the European Union's Relations with North Africa and the Middle East","EUROPEAN UNIVERSITY INSTITUTE","€1,353,920","Challenging the notion of  Fortress Europe , the research investigates relations between the European Union and its southern periphery through the concept of  borderlands . The concept emphasises the disaggregation of the triple function of borders demarcating state territory, authority, and national identity inherent in the Westphalian model of statehood. This process is most visible in (although not limited to) Europe, where integration has led to supranational areas of sovereignty, an interna",{"id":501,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":502,"piName":14,"institution":472,"country":473,"year":13,"amount":503,"abstract":504},"cordis-european-research-council-award-281517","Linking Pathogen Evolution and Epidemiology","€1,498,811","The goal of the proposed research is a comprehensive understanding of how evolutionary potential of pathogen populations interacts with epidemiological dynamics in natural populations. The empirical work will be conducted on the specialist fungal pathogen Podosphaera plantaginis and its host plant Plantago lanceolata in a large network of host populations. I will address the key theories of pathogen evolution, involving life-history trade-offs, competition for resources under multiple infection,",{"id":506,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":507,"piName":14,"institution":508,"country":12,"year":13,"amount":509,"abstract":510},"cordis-european-research-council-award-260918","Genetics of Resistance to Malaria Parasites in the Mosquito Anopheles gambiae","INSTITUT NATIONAL DE LA SANTE ET DE LA RECHERCHE MEDICALE","€1,489,600","Anopheles gambiae mosquitoes are major vectors of Plasmodium falciparum, a protozoan parasite that causes the most severe form of human malaria in Africa. With an estimated 250 million infected people every year and another 3.3 billion at risk, malaria remains one of the biggest scourges of humanity. One of the promising approaches to fight malaria is the control of vector competence that determines the ability of a mosquito to transmit the disease. The fact that mosquito strains that are resist",{"id":512,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":513,"piName":14,"institution":508,"country":12,"year":13,"amount":514,"abstract":515},"cordis-european-research-council-award-282036","Determination of specific components from “stromal PDAC signature” involved in PDAC Associated Neural Remodeling (PANR) and their use as clinical tool-box.","€952,686","Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is the most intractable of human malignancies. Survival rate at 5 years is very low (less than 5%). Patients are most of the time diagnosed while the disease has already spread out and benefits from surgical resection is often cut off due to local recurrence and lack of efficient chemotherapy. Indeed, it is urgent to develop new tools to be used by clinicians in order to propose better management of the disease. This project is based on two specific charac",{"id":517,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":518,"piName":14,"institution":508,"country":12,"year":13,"amount":28,"abstract":519},"cordis-european-research-council-award-260515","Neurocircuitry of endocannabinoid regulation of food intake","Few tasks executed by the brain hold greater survival and adaptive value than keeping us fed and in adequate nutritional state. The regulation of energy metabolism represents a prototypical homeostatic system, with the brain acting as the central coordinator. Any alteration of these mechanisms can lead to pathological states threatening the survival of the individual.The main brain region regulating food intake behaviour is the hypothalamus. The endocannabinoid system (ECS), formed by cannabinoi",{"id":521,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":522,"piName":14,"institution":523,"country":131,"year":13,"amount":524,"abstract":525},"cordis-european-research-council-award-261352","Visual object population codes   relating human brains to nonhuman and computational models with representational similarity analysis","UNITED KINGDOM RESEARCH AND INNOVATION","€1,499,241","Two major challenges facing systems neuroscience today are (1) to relate computational brain theory with its notions of parallel computation and population-code representation to massively multivariate spatiotemporal brain-activity data as acquired with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and cell recording and (2) to relate brain representations in animal models (e.g. nonhuman primates) to human brain representations. This project tackles these challenges with a focus on visual object ",{"id":527,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":528,"piName":14,"institution":529,"country":27,"year":13,"amount":530,"abstract":531},"cordis-european-research-council-award-263699","Coordination by Evaluations and Valuations:Market Logic Inside and Outside the Economy","UPPSALA UNIVERSITET","€1,476,251","This project studies evaluation and valuation as ways of coordinating actors and resources. Valuation is the ascribing of value to people, organizations, things and events given that there is no standard of value. Evaluation is judging according to an already existing value-standard. Valuation and evaluation are ways of ranking and thus ordering of  objects . Markets are examples of economic social formations in which valuations and evaluations are the foundation for the choices made. Valuation ",{"id":533,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":534,"piName":14,"institution":447,"country":448,"year":13,"amount":28,"abstract":535},"cordis-european-research-council-award-257080","The anisotropic universe -- a reality or fluke?","During the last decade, a strikingly successful cosmological concordance model has been established. With only six free parameters, nearly all observables, comprising millions of data points, may be fitted with outstanding precision. However, in this beautiful picture a few blemishes have turned up, apparently not consistent with the standard model: While the model predicts that the universe is isotropic (i.e., looks the same in all directions) and homogeneous (i.e., the statistical properties a",{"id":537,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":538,"piName":14,"institution":508,"country":12,"year":13,"amount":28,"abstract":539},"cordis-european-research-council-award-261296","HIF and hepcidin : missing links between infection, iron metabolism and cancer ?","HIF transcription factors, central mediators of cellular adaptation to critically low oxygen levels (=hypoxia), have been largely studied for their crucial role during cancer development. Our recent findings have unveiled two new major roles of HIF. First, in innate immunity and infection, we demonstrated the key contributions of HIFs in regulating important immune effectors molecules. Second, we highlighted the role of HIFs in iron metabolism as critical regulators of iron absorption in the int",{"id":541,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":542,"piName":14,"institution":543,"country":21,"year":13,"amount":544,"abstract":545},"cordis-european-research-council-award-277778","Restriction of the Fourier transform with applications to the Schrödinger and wave equations","AGENCIA ESTATAL CONSEJO SUPERIOR DE INVESTIGACIONES CIENTIFICAS","€950,000","In 1967, Stein proved that the Fourier transform of functions in L^p could be meaningfully restricted to the sphere for certain p>1. The restriction conjecture, which asserts the maximal range of such p, was solved by Fefferman in two dimensions, but the conjecture remains open in higher dimensions. Strichartz considered the same question but with the sphere replaced by the paraboloid or the cone, and a great deal of progress has been made in the last two decades by Bourgain, Wolff and Tao, amon",{"id":547,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":548,"piName":14,"institution":411,"country":34,"year":13,"amount":549,"abstract":550},"cordis-european-research-council-award-260849","Dissecting a minimal genome: a physical investigation of DNA transactions in mitochondria","€1,497,868","I propose to unravel parts of the mechanochemistry of two key genome transactions: replication and transcription using an array of single-molecule techniques. To this end, I propose to study the minimal genomic machinery of mitochondria. Mitochondria are organelles in eukaryotic cells that contain their own DNA (mtDNA). Significant understanding of the biochemistry of DNA transactions in mitochondria is obtained from the in vitro reconstitution of mitochondrial replication and transcription. How",{"id":552,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":553,"piName":14,"institution":554,"country":131,"year":13,"amount":28,"abstract":555},"cordis-european-research-council-award-281739","Macro domain proteins in the cellular stress response and links to human disease","THE CHANCELLOR, MASTERS AND SCHOLARS OF THE UNIVERSITY OF OXFORD","The macrodomain is a ubiquitous protein module known to bind to ADP-ribose derivatives, which diverged through evolution to support protein functions involved in DNA repair and the maintenance of genomic stability, transcriptional regulation, cell signaling, telomere dynamics, necrosis and apoptosis. Derivatives of ADP-ribose are synthesized by NAD+-dependent protein modification enzymes poly(ADP-ribose) polymerases (PARPs) and NAD+-dependent protein deacetylases (sirtuins). PARPs attracted enor",{"id":557,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":558,"piName":14,"institution":486,"country":487,"year":13,"amount":14,"abstract":559},"cordis-european-research-council-award-279237","Protecting and Preserving Human Knowledge for Posterity","The amount and variety of content being published online is growing at an exceptional rate.  Online publishing enables content to reach a much larger audience than paper publishing but offers no guarantee of long-term access to the content.  This work investigates techniques for building a large, reliable peer-to-peer system for the preservation of online published material.  The system consists of a large number of low-cost, persistent web caches (peers) that cooperate to detect and repair dama",{"id":561,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":562,"piName":14,"institution":411,"country":34,"year":13,"amount":563,"abstract":564},"cordis-european-research-council-award-259108","Rosetta s Way Back to the Source: Towards Reverse Engineering of Complex Software","€1,339,000","We propose a research program (Rossetta) towards reverse engineering of complex software that is available only in binary form. Most of the commercial software industry assumes that compilation (the translation of source code to binary code), is irreversible in practice for real applications. The research question for Rosetta is whether this irreversibility assumption is reasonable. If successful, the project will have a major impact on the software industry.The challenge is daunting, because bi",{"id":566,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":567,"piName":14,"institution":568,"country":131,"year":13,"amount":569,"abstract":570},"cordis-european-research-council-award-279622","Make it simple: towards a new era for organic synthesis","THE UNIVERSITY OF MANCHESTER","€1,493,855","Organic synthesis has undeniably made tremendous progress over the past two centuries. Nevertheless, our ability to efficiently synthesise molecules is mostly limited to targets of low structural complexity. Traditional synthetic strategies require the presence of reactive functional groups that are used as handles for further functionalisation. This requirement is one of the factors dramatically enhancing the difficulty of syntheses. The last two decades have seen the emergence of a more straig",{"id":572,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":573,"piName":14,"institution":411,"country":34,"year":13,"amount":574,"abstract":575},"cordis-european-research-council-award-281341","Thylakoid membrane in action: acclimation strategies in algae and plants","€1,696,961","Life on earth is sustained by the process that converts sunlight energy into chemical energy: photosynthesis. This process is operating near the boundary between life and death: if the absorbed energy exceeds the capacity of the metabolic reactions, it can result in photo-oxidation events that can cause the death of the organism. Over-excitation is happening quite often: oxygenic organisms are exposed to (drastic) changes in environmental conditions (light intensity, light quality and temperatur",{"id":577,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":578,"piName":14,"institution":472,"country":473,"year":13,"amount":579,"abstract":580},"cordis-european-research-council-award-257360","Role of Molecular Clusters in Atmospheric Particle Formation","€1,476,418","Climate change is currently one of the central scientific issues in the world, and the ability to reliably forecast climate is crucial for making political decisions that affect the lives of billions of people. Aerosols remain the dominant uncertainty in predicting radiative forcing and future climate change, and also have adverse effects on human health and visibility. One of the least-well understood aerosol-related processes is nucleation: the formation of new particles from condensable vapou",{"id":582,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":583,"piName":14,"institution":508,"country":12,"year":13,"amount":584,"abstract":585},"cordis-european-research-council-award-260747","Why do we do what we do? Biological, psychological and computational bases of motivation","€1,346,000","We are largely unaware of our own motives. Understanding our motives can be reduced to knowing how we form goals and these goals translate into behavior. Goals can be defined as pleasurable situations that we particularly value and that we intend to reach. Recent investigation in the emerging field of neuro-economics has put forward a neuronal network constituting a brain valuation system (BVS). We wish to build a more comprehensive account of motivational processes, investigating not only valua",{"id":587,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":588,"piName":14,"institution":160,"country":12,"year":13,"amount":14,"abstract":589},"cordis-european-research-council-award-278722","Group Theory and Model Theory","The project is located between logic and mathematics, more precisely between model theory and group theory. There are extremely difficult questions arising about the model theory of groups, notably the question of the construction of new groups with prescribed algebraic properties and at the same time good model-theoretic properties. In particular, it is an important question, both in model theory and in group theory, to build new stable groups and eventually new nonalgebraic groups with a good ",{"id":591,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":592,"piName":14,"institution":160,"country":12,"year":13,"amount":593,"abstract":594},"cordis-european-research-council-award-259454","Games and Automata for Logic Extensions","€931,760","This proposal aims at generalising the central decidability results of Büchi and Rabin to more general settings, and understanding the consequences of those extensions both at theoretical and applicative levels.The original results of Büchi and Rabin state the decidability of monadic second-order logic (monadic logic for short) over infinite words and trees respectively. Those results are of such importance that Rabin's theorem is also called the `Mother of all decidability results'.The primary ",{"id":596,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":597,"piName":14,"institution":160,"country":12,"year":13,"amount":598,"abstract":599},"cordis-european-research-council-award-278616","NEXT generation of microwave PHotonic systems for AeroSpace Engineering","€1,384,628","Aerospace and communication engineering technologies are in constant need of microwaves with extremely high spectral purity and stability. Unfortunately, the generation of such ultra-pure microwaves with compact, versatile and transportable sources is still a very complex challenge. In aerospace engineering, ultra-stable quartz oscillators are overwhelmingly dominant as key components for both navigation and detection systems. However, it is unanimously recognized today that their frequency stab",{"id":601,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":602,"piName":14,"institution":365,"country":34,"year":13,"amount":28,"abstract":603},"cordis-european-research-council-award-279549","Shedding light on catalyst systems for a brighter future with green oxidation chemistry","Sustainability in chemical synthesis requires that new methods and replacements for unsustainable existing methodologies should, where possible, focus on environmentally benign, atom- and energy-efficient processes that do not rely on toxic\u002Fprecious metals. In this research program the focus is on the development of new sustainable and environmentally benign methodologies for selective oxidative transformations based on primarily first row transition metals using H2O2, O2 or electrochemical meth",{"id":605,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":606,"piName":14,"institution":365,"country":34,"year":13,"amount":607,"abstract":608},"cordis-european-research-council-award-263836","Incomplete Parenthesis: Determining how and why secondary propositions can be elliptical or fragmented from a cross-linguistic and multifaceted theoretical perspective","€1,499,554","This linguistic research aims to determine and theoretically explain the properties of incomplete parenthesis, in comparison toregular ellipsis and fragments. Thereby, we will provide a systematic typology of (incomplete) parenthetical constructions andamalgamated sentences based on grammatical features, taking into account the effects of syntax, information structure andprosody. We also add a cross-linguistic perspective by comparing the inventory and behavior of parentheses in a number oflangu",{"id":610,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":611,"piName":14,"institution":160,"country":12,"year":13,"amount":612,"abstract":613},"cordis-european-research-council-award-260435","Functional significance of nociceptive primary sensory neurons diversity","€1,457,455","Unravelling the precise in vivo function of a particular neuronal subpopulation is one of the most challenging issues in neurobiology. Nociceptive primary sensory neurons represent a powerful model system to address this fundamental question. These neurons convey a large cohort of perceptual sensory modalities including thermal, mechanical and chemical stimuli from the periphery to the spinal cord. Nociceptive neurons encompass an extremely heterogeneous population with respect to their morpholo",{"id":615,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":616,"piName":14,"institution":543,"country":21,"year":13,"amount":617,"abstract":618},"cordis-european-research-council-award-278860","Development of a nanomechanical tool-box for the investigation of cell mechanics","€1,492,854","The fact that biophysical and biomechanical properties of cells and subcellular structure influence and are influenced by onset and progression of human diseases is now attracting the physiologists attention. This opens up new routes for disease diagnosis and treatment. The first traditional way to discover a tumor was by palpation, such as sweetness in urine was indicative of diabetes. Nowadays, the biochemical search for diagnosis markers has experienced amazing advancements, while the physica",{"id":620,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":621,"piName":14,"institution":365,"country":34,"year":13,"amount":622,"abstract":623},"cordis-european-research-council-award-283597","Towards safe and productive human multitasking","€1,434,574","People show a strong inclination for multitasking: they use multiple devices while driving a car, students do homework while sending text-messages and watching television, and office workers rapidly switch from one task to another. It is crucial to understand the role of multitasking in modern society, whether in terms of set-ting legal limits to multitasking in cases where it leads to unacceptable risks, or designing work situations in which productivity is supported or security is maintained.T",{"id":625,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":626,"piName":14,"institution":160,"country":12,"year":13,"amount":627,"abstract":628},"cordis-european-research-council-award-278124","Loop models, integrability and combinatorics","€840,120","The purpose of this proposal is to investigate new connections whichhave emerged in the recent years between problems from statisticalmechanics, namely two-dimensional exactly solvable models, and a varietyof combinatorial problems, among which:  the enumeration of plane partitions,alternating sign matrices and related objects;combinatorial properties of certainalgebro-geometric objects such as orbital varieties or the Brauer loop scheme;or finally certain problems in free probability. One of th",{"id":630,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":631,"piName":14,"institution":632,"country":21,"year":13,"amount":633,"abstract":634},"cordis-european-research-council-award-258647","Generation and detection of many-particle entanglement in quantum optical systems","UNIVERSIDAD DEL PAIS VASCO\u002F EUSKAL HERRIKO UNIBERTSITATEA","€1,294,350","During the last decade, quantum entanglement has been intensively studied within quantum information science and has also appeared as a natural goal of recent quantum experiments. Because of that the theoretical background of detecting entanglement has been rapidly developing. However, most of this development concentrated on bipartite or few-party entanglement, while today's experiments typically involve many particles. Thus, as one of the most interesting part of quantum optics and quantum inf",{"id":636,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":637,"piName":14,"institution":160,"country":12,"year":13,"amount":638,"abstract":639},"cordis-european-research-council-award-263179","Constructing Mathematical Knowledge beyond Core Intuitions","€1,394,130","Humans and other animals possess dedicated systems of  core knowledge  to represent numeric and geometric information. In the case of number at least, these representations are abstract (independent of the format of the stimuli represented), they are present early in life, and they can be used to compute the outcome of simple arithmetic problems. Such intuitive knowledge is thought to guide the acquisition of elaborate concepts of numbers and geometry. However, core systems of representations fo",{"id":641,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":642,"piName":14,"institution":643,"country":372,"year":13,"amount":14,"abstract":644},"cordis-european-research-council-award-256872","Entropy formulation of evolutionary phase transitions","UNIVERSITA DEGLI STUDI DI PAVIA","The ground-breaking nature of the project relies on the possibility of opening new horizonswith a novel  mathematical formulation of physical problems.The project aim is indeed to obtain relevant mathematical results in order toget further insight into new models for phase transitions and thecorresponding evolution PDE systems. The new approach presented here turnsout to be particularly helpful within the investigation of issues like as existence, uniqueness,control, and long-time behavior of th",{"id":646,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":647,"piName":14,"institution":160,"country":12,"year":13,"amount":648,"abstract":649},"cordis-european-research-council-award-263783","From Babylon to Baghdad: Toward a History of the  Herbal  in the Near East","€1,422,120","Recent publications such as Sylvain Gouguenheim s Aristote au Mont Saint Michel (2008) have called into question the role played by Near Eastern (and especially Arab and Muslim) scholars in the transmission of Greek philosophical, scientific and medical knowledge from antiquity to the middle ages. At the very heart of this problem is the  translation movement  sponsored by the ¿Abb sid caliphs and wealthy Muslim intellectuals of 8th-10th century Baghdad, and especially its most celebrated protag",{"id":651,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":652,"piName":14,"institution":160,"country":12,"year":13,"amount":653,"abstract":654},"cordis-european-research-council-award-260729","The impact of endosymbionts on the evolution of host sex determination mechanisms","€1,403,285","Appreciation of endosymbiosis, a type of symbiosis in which a microbial partner lives within its host cells, as an important source of evolutionary novelty has developed relatively recently. In this proposal, we investigate a fundamental evolutionary process influenced by bacterial endosymbionts: the mechanisms of sex determination of their eukaryotic hosts.In animals, the most common system of sex determination is genetic. It can also be affected by inherited bacterial endosymbionts. However, v",{"id":656,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":657,"piName":14,"institution":160,"country":12,"year":13,"amount":658,"abstract":659},"cordis-european-research-council-award-277885","A quantum dot in a cavity:  A solid state platform for quantum operations","€1,482,000","A quantum dot (QD) in a microcavity is an ideal single spin-single photon interface: the spin of a carrier trapped inside a QD can be used as a quantum bit and the coupling to photons can allow remote spin entanglement. A QD in a cavity can also generate single photons or entangled photon pairs, often referred to as flying quantum bit. Controlling the QD spontaneous emission is crucial to ensure optimal coupling of the photon and spin states. The present project relies on a unique and original t",{"id":661,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":662,"piName":14,"institution":160,"country":12,"year":13,"amount":663,"abstract":664},"cordis-european-research-council-award-279593","Sparsity, Image and Geometry to Model Adaptively Visual Processings","€1,414,960","SIGMA-Vision will develop the next generation algorithms and methodologies for image process- ing. These algorithms will rely on several mathematical breakthroughs in image modeling: structured sparsity, geometric representations and adaptivity. They will be implemented using fast optimization codes that can handle massive datasets with gigapixels images and videos. These algorithms will have far reaching applications in computer vision, graphics and neu- roscience. These cutting edge mathematic",{"id":666,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":667,"piName":14,"institution":160,"country":12,"year":13,"amount":668,"abstract":669},"cordis-european-research-council-award-256294","From Anderson localization to Bose, Fermi and spin glasses in disordered ultracold gases","€985,200","The field of disordered quantum gases is developing rapidly. Dramatic progress has been achieved recently and first experimental observation of one-dimensional Anderson localization (AL) of matterwaves has been reported using Bose-Einstein condensates in controlled disorder (in our group at Institut d'Optique and at LENS; Nature, 2008). This dramatic success results from joint theoretical and experimental efforts, we have contributed to. Most importantly, it opens unprecedented routes to pursue ",{"id":671,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":672,"piName":14,"institution":673,"country":473,"year":13,"amount":674,"abstract":675},"cordis-european-research-council-award-263782","Transnational work and the evolution of sovereignty","JYVASKYLAN YLIOPISTO","€913,082","Proposal SummaryThis is a proposal to study the growth of posted migrant work in the European Union, and the impact of this on industrial relations.  Within the European Union, changes in the application of EU law have resulted in the deterritorialization of sovereign regulatory authority. National industrial relations systems have been subordinated to internal market freedoms in four recent European Court of Justice decisions.  These constrain the rights of unions and governments to regulate wo",{"id":677,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":678,"piName":14,"institution":160,"country":12,"year":13,"amount":679,"abstract":680},"cordis-european-research-council-award-263575","Lexical information processes and their spatio-temporal dynamics","€1,251,345","Adult speakers of a language know several tens of thousands of words. Unless they suffer from some neurological disorders, those words can be readily used on a daily basis. This is done by retrieving lexical information from long term memory, and selecting its most relevant aspects. Cognitive models of word selection distinguish stages of processing concerned with semantic, lexical, and form properties of the words. Contrastive hypothesis have been considered to describe how appropriate lexical ",{"id":682,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":683,"piName":14,"institution":684,"country":685,"year":13,"amount":686,"abstract":687},"cordis-european-research-council-award-263441","From the earliest modern humans to the onset of farming (45,000-4,500 BP): the role of climate, life-style, health, migration and selection in shaping European population history","UNIVERSITY COLLEGE DUBLIN, NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF IRELAND, DUBLIN","IE","€1,088,386","The colonisation of Europe by anatomically modern humans (AMHs) ca. 45,000 years before present (BP) and the transition to farming ca. 8,000 BP are two major events in human prehistory. Both events involved certain cultural and biological adaptations, technological innovations, and behavioural plasticity which are unique to our species. The reconstruction of these processes and the causality between them has so far remained elusive due to technological, methodological and logistical complexities",{"id":689,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":690,"piName":14,"institution":396,"country":47,"year":13,"amount":691,"abstract":692},"cordis-european-research-council-award-282335","Unraveling the cellular sulfenome: a search for new redox-regulated pathways","€1,492,000","Within proteins, cysteine residues are sensitive to oxidation by reactive oxygen species (ROS). The first oxidation product of cysteines exposed to ROS is the sulfenic acid derivative (-SOH). Sulfenic acids are highly reactive intermediates that, unless they are stabilized within the protein microenvironment, react with another cysteine present in the vicinity to form a disulfide or are further oxidized to the irreversible sulfinic (-SO2H) and sulfonic (-SO3H) acid modifications. Sulfenic acid f",{"id":694,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":695,"piName":14,"institution":696,"country":131,"year":13,"amount":697,"abstract":698},"cordis-european-research-council-award-281245","Species formation from beginning to end: integrative tests of competing hypotheses for the origins of diversity","THE UNIVERSITY OF SHEFFIELD","€1,882,858","Biological diversity is created by the formation of new species and thus speciation is a fundamental process responsible for diversity of life. Progress has been made in identifying individual ‘speciation genes’ causing specific forms of reproductive isolation. In contrast, debates persist about how the speciation process unfolds from beginning to end (i.e., the mechanisms of speciation) and the fraction of the genome involved. What factors explain variability in how far speciation proceeds? Thi",{"id":700,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":701,"piName":14,"institution":696,"country":131,"year":13,"amount":702,"abstract":703},"cordis-european-research-council-award-280515","‘The ostrich problem’: When and why people fail to monitor their goal progress and the development of a new focus for behaviour change interventions","€755,082","One of the most significant challenges facing science and society is how to promote lasting changes in people’s behaviour. What kinds of interventions influence the behaviours that lead to obesity or persuade people to use less energy in their homes? The present proposal argues that one reason that people struggle to change is that they fail to monitor the relation between their current behaviour and their desired behaviour. For example, few people watch their weight, monitor their household ene",{"id":705,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":706,"piName":14,"institution":707,"country":47,"year":13,"amount":14,"abstract":708},"cordis-european-research-council-award-260623","Immunogenomics: Mouse to Human Translational Research","VIB VZW","Control over the activation of the immune system is central to the key issues of human health. Autoimmunity, atopy, persistent infections and tumours all share a common root cause in a sub-optimal balance between immune activity and tolerance. At the heart of this balance are T cells, with the capacity for both activation and suppression. Research in mouse models has allowed enormous progress to be made on understanding fundamental mechanics, and yet the next step   translating this understandin",{"id":710,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":711,"piName":14,"institution":508,"country":12,"year":13,"amount":712,"abstract":713},"cordis-european-research-council-award-281168","Neuronal circuits controlling fear behavior","€1,496,300","Accurate adaptation to stimuli predicting threatening outcome is critical to survival. An insufficient fear reaction may lead the animal to overlook future signs of danger, whereas overreacting may lead the animal to failure to explore and miss opportunities for feeding or mating. Numerous data indicate that the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) plays a key role in the control of fear behavior and that distinct prefrontal areas differentially regulate the expression\u002Finhibition of fear responses. W",{"id":715,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":716,"piName":14,"institution":396,"country":47,"year":13,"amount":717,"abstract":718},"cordis-european-research-council-award-284382","Institutionalizing global genetic-resource commons. Global Strategies for accessing and using essential public knowledge assets in the life sciences","€1,041,600","There has been a dramatic increase in interest in commons in the last 10 to 15 years, from traditional commons managing the use of exhaustible natural resources by fixed numbers of people within natural borders, to global information commons, dealing with non-rival, non-excludible goods by a potentially limitless number of unknown users. The emerging global genetic-resource commons fits somewhere in between, shifting in the direction of information commons as digital-information infrastructures ",{"id":720,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":721,"piName":14,"institution":707,"country":47,"year":13,"amount":14,"abstract":722},"cordis-european-research-council-award-260678","Molecular studies of synaptic vesicle recycling in health and disease","Synaptic transmission is of paramount importance for neuronal circuit integrity; if synapses fail, circuits fail. Transmission of electrical pulses in our brain is critical for normal but also higher brain functions such as learning, memory formation and thought, and understanding the regulatory processes of synaptic transmission may provide insight into neurological and psychiatric disorders, such as Parkinson‟s disease, bipolar disorder and drug addiction that arise from defects in specific ne",{"id":724,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":725,"piName":14,"institution":160,"country":12,"year":13,"amount":726,"abstract":14},"cordis-european-research-council-award-260887","Real-Time Studies of Biological NanoMachines in Action by NMR","€1,398,392",{"id":728,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":729,"piName":14,"institution":696,"country":131,"year":13,"amount":14,"abstract":730},"cordis-european-research-council-award-258321","Finite element simulations of mechanobiology in tissue engineering","The influence of mechanical stimuli on cell behaviour also known as mechanobiology has led to the development of mechano-regulation theories and finite element simulations that predict tissue formation in regenerative medicine. Computer simulations can explore mechanotransduction processes on the cellular level which are not possible to measure experimentally. However, most studies are limited to continuum macroscopic description of the tissues and therefore are inadequate to relate macroscopic ",{"id":732,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":733,"piName":14,"institution":734,"country":34,"year":13,"amount":735,"abstract":736},"cordis-european-research-council-award-281699","Decoding the ubiquitin code","ACADEMISCH ZIEKENHUIS LEIDEN","€1,498,240","Ubiquitin (Ub) is a 76 amino acid protein that is commonly found in isopeptide linkage to a lysine residue of a target protein. This post-translational modification controls most cellular processes, including DNA repair, trafficking and protein degradation. Ubiquitin conjugation onto any of its 7 own lysine residues or onto its N-terminus results in a large number of differently linked polymers; the shape, charge and size of which determine how they interact with ubiquitin binding domains (UBDs)",{"id":738,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":739,"piName":14,"institution":740,"country":142,"year":13,"amount":14,"abstract":741},"cordis-european-research-council-award-259562","Quantum fields and Curvature--Novel Constructive Approach via Operator Product Expansion","UNIVERSITAET LEIPZIG","It was realized already from the beginning that the theory of quantized fields (QFT) does not easily fit into known mathematical structures, and the quest for a satisfactory mathematical foundation continues to-day. Parts of this theory have already been tremendously successful, e.g. in the quantitative description of elementary particles, and ideas from QFT have revolutionized entire fields of mathematics. But the non-perturbative construction of the most important QFT s, namely renormalizable ",{"id":743,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":744,"piName":14,"institution":745,"country":119,"year":13,"amount":746,"abstract":747},"cordis-european-research-council-award-279447","Basic Research in Cryptographic Protocol Theory","AARHUS UNIVERSITET","€1,171,019","In cryptographic protocol theory, we consider a situation where a number of entities want to solve some problem over a computer network. Each entity has some secret data it does not want the other entities to learn, yet, they all want to learn something about the common set of data. In an electronic election, they want to know the number of yes-votes without revealing who voted what. For instance, in an electronic auction, they want to find the winner without leaking the bids of the losers.A mai",{"id":749,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":750,"piName":14,"institution":745,"country":119,"year":13,"amount":751,"abstract":752},"cordis-european-research-council-award-277767","Time-resolving electron dynamics in molecules by time-dependent many-electron theory","€1,330,305","The interaction of atoms and molecules with new light sources such as attosecond and free-electron lasers is under strong current experimental investigation. Within the next few years the interest will shift from relatively simple systems with a few atoms and electrons to bigger systems with many atoms and may electrons. The aims will be to study time-resolved dynamics and chemical reactions on the natural timescales for these processes. To fulfill this ambitious goal, there will be a strong nee",{"id":754,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":755,"piName":14,"institution":756,"country":142,"year":13,"amount":14,"abstract":757},"cordis-european-research-council-award-278857","Phase transitions and computational complexity","JOHANN WOLFGANG GOETHE-UNIVERSITAET FRANKFURT AM MAIN","This is a project in the area of Theoretical Computer Science, particularly discrete algorithms and computational complexity. Many Constraint Satisfaction Problems (`CSPs') such as Boolean satisfiability or graph coloring are well-known to be NP-hard, i.e., the worst-case computation time to solve these problems is exponential in the size of the problem instance. To illuminate the conceptual origins of the computational hardness of these problems, a major research effort over the past 30 years h",{"id":759,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":760,"piName":14,"institution":745,"country":119,"year":13,"amount":761,"abstract":762},"cordis-european-research-council-award-260242","Programming effects of early life stress exposure to bereavement on future health: a perspective in 6.7 million subjects in 3 European countries","€1,449,950","There have been significant challenges in the research areas of: 1. Foetal PROGramming. The widely use of growth variables as the indicators of foetal environment remains the major methodological limitation. And no research in humans has been able to examine the biomarkers at different programming stages from exposure itself to disease in one single study. 2. Stress. It remains difficult to assess stress and to obtain data on long-term health in a large study. The biological programming effects ",{"id":764,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":765,"piName":14,"institution":766,"country":27,"year":13,"amount":14,"abstract":767},"cordis-european-research-council-award-260759","Molecular Basis of Mammalian Egg-Sperm Interaction","KAROLINSKA INSTITUTET","At the dawn of the 21st century, our knowledge of the molecular mechanism of mammalianfertilization remains very limited. Different lines of evidence indicate that initial gamete recognitiondepends on interaction between a few distinct proteins on sperm and ZP3, a major component of theextracellular coat of oocytes, the zona pellucida (ZP). On the other hand, recent findings suggest analternative mechanism in which cleavage of another ZP subunit, ZP2, regulates binding of gametesby altering the ",{"id":769,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":770,"piName":14,"institution":766,"country":27,"year":13,"amount":28,"abstract":771},"cordis-european-research-council-award-261258","Adipose tissue mass regulation in lean and obese individuals","Owing to the increase in obesity, life expectancy may start to decrease in developed countries for the first time in recent history. In humans the generation of fat cells (adipocytes) is a major factor behind the growth of adipose tissue during childhood. The factors determining the fat mass in adults, however, are not fully understood. Increased fat storage in fully differentiated adipocytes, resulting in enlarged fat cells, is well documented and thought to be the most important mechanism wher",{"id":773,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":774,"piName":14,"institution":775,"country":685,"year":13,"amount":14,"abstract":776},"cordis-european-research-council-award-258992","Frontier research in bone mechanobiology during normal physiology, disease and for tissue regeneration","UNIVERSITY OF GALWAY","While previous studies have investigated cell-signalling pathways that facilitate mechanotransduction and have provided a wealth of data, to date, in vivo mechanobiology is not fully understood.  In the research study proposed the applicant will embark upon frontier research to delineate these specific aspects of bone mechanotransduction during normal physiology, disease and for tissue regeneration purposes. If these quantities were better understood the proposed research program will deliver si",{"id":778,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":779,"piName":14,"institution":780,"country":372,"year":13,"amount":28,"abstract":781},"cordis-european-research-council-award-259349","Gravitational Lensing as a Cosmological Probe","ALMA MATER STUDIORUM - UNIVERSITA DI BOLOGNA","I propose to develop new observational probes of cosmology basedon gravitational lensing.  The project consists of three themes:1) Computer tools will be developed for detecting and measuring small-scale structures inthe distribution of dark matter using strong gravitational lenses.  This will resolve one of thefew persistent conflicts between observations and the predictions of the Cold Dark Matter(CDM) model.  The tools will enable the scientific community to take full advantage of presentimag",{"id":783,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":784,"piName":14,"institution":785,"country":142,"year":13,"amount":786,"abstract":787},"cordis-european-research-council-award-260686","Intra-patient evolution of HIV","MAX-PLANCK-GESELLSCHAFT ZUR FORDERUNG DER WISSENSCHAFTEN EV","€1,155,859","HIV is one of the most rapidly evolving organisms known. Understanding its evolutionary dynamics is essential for successful drug treatment or vaccine design.  At the same time, this rapid evolution makes HIV an ideal model system to study fundamental problems in evolutionary dynamics: In HIV, one can directly observe evolution over genetic distances that correspond to millions of years of evolution in other organisms.This proposal combines time series of ultra-deep sequence data of HIV from ind",{"id":789,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":790,"piName":14,"institution":791,"country":34,"year":13,"amount":792,"abstract":793},"cordis-european-research-council-award-281622","Protein damage control: regulation of toxic protein aggregation in aging-associated neurodegenerative diseases","ACADEMISCH ZIEKENHUIS GRONINGEN","€1,450,249","The worldwide aging population will lead to a dramatic increase in the number of people with Alzheimer’s disease and other incurable age-related neurodegenerative diseases over the next few decades. By 2050 over 115 million are expected to suffer from these devastating diseases. The major pathological hallmark of these disorders is the accumulation of aggregation-prone disease proteins in aggregates in the brain. To understand the disease mechanisms and to identify targets for treatment, I aim t",{"id":795,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":796,"piName":14,"institution":756,"country":142,"year":13,"amount":797,"abstract":798},"cordis-european-research-council-award-262116","The Role of Preferences and Institutions in Economic Transitions","€1,398,900","Periods of economic transitions are often unsettling due to the breathtaking speed of changes in economic conditions. Then again, transitions also bear major chances to establish new orders. This project analyzes how dramatic changes in institutions during transition periods shape not only the economic behavior, but also the preferences of people. It focuses on two specific transition episodes, namely the transition from state-centered and autocratic to market-based and democratic systems in Eas",{"id":800,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":801,"piName":14,"institution":775,"country":685,"year":13,"amount":14,"abstract":802},"cordis-european-research-council-award-261330","Cold Carbon Catabolism of Microbial Communities underprinning a Sustainable Bioenergy and Biorefinery Economy","The applicant will collaborate with Irish, European and U.S.-based colleagues to develop a sustainable biorefinery and bioenergy industry in Ireland and Europe. The focus of this ERC Starting Grant will be the application of classical microbiological, physiological and real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based assays, to qualitatively and quantitatively characterize microbial communities underpinning novel and innovative, low-temperature, anaerobic waste (and other biomass) conversion tech",{"id":804,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":805,"piName":14,"institution":806,"country":27,"year":13,"amount":807,"abstract":808},"cordis-european-research-council-award-258980","Million-core Molecular Simulation","KUNGLIGA TEKNISKA HOEGSKOLAN","€899,448","Molecular simulation has become a standard tool for studying the function of biomolecules, such as proteins, nucleic acids and lipids. Due to increasing computer power and decreasing length scales in engineering, molecular simulation is also increasingly used in microfluidics and the study of, for instance, small water droplets. All these applications would benefit strongly from simulations that are several orders of magnitude longer than the current state of art. Although currently Moore's law ",{"id":810,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":811,"piName":14,"institution":806,"country":27,"year":13,"amount":812,"abstract":813},"cordis-european-research-council-award-277879","New Paradigms for MEMS & NEMS Integration","€1,495,982","Micro- and nanoelectromechanical system (MEMS and NEMS) components are vital for many industrial and consumer products such as airbag systems in cars and motion controls in mobile phones, and many of these MEMS and NEMS enabled applications have a large impact on European industry and society. However, the potential of MEMS and NEMS is being critically hampered by their dependence on integrated circuit (IC) manufacturing technologies. Most micro- and nano-manufacturing methods have been develope",{"id":815,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":816,"piName":14,"institution":817,"country":149,"year":13,"amount":28,"abstract":818},"cordis-european-research-council-award-281785","Mechanisms of hygiene-mediated immune dysregulation and impact on the susceptibility to allergic and autoimmune diseases","UNIVERSITAET BERN","Immune-mediated disorders such as allergy and autoimmunity are major public health problems. In the past 40 years the incidence of these diseases has risen dramatically in developed countries. Epidemiological studies have revealed a clear correlation between disease susceptibility and improvements in hygiene. For example, children with older siblings show a reduced prevalence of asthma, multiple sclerosis (MS), and Type 1 diabetes (T1D), and infants (\u003C1year) that attend daycare centers show redu",{"id":820,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":821,"piName":14,"institution":766,"country":27,"year":13,"amount":822,"abstract":823},"cordis-european-research-council-award-261286","Network Principles of Neuroendocrine Control: Tuberoinfundibular Dopamine (TIDA) Oscillations and the Regulation of Lactation","€1,493,958","The hypothalamus is essential for our survival and orchestrates every vital function of the body, from defence against predators and energy metabolism to reproduction. Yet, the network mechanisms underlying these actions remain largely hidden in a  black box . Here, we will focus on the hypothalamic neuroendocrine system, where we have identified a novel robust network oscillation in the tuberoinfundibular dopamine (TIDA) neurons that control prolactin release. This oscillation is synchronized b",{"id":825,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":826,"piName":14,"institution":806,"country":27,"year":13,"amount":827,"abstract":828},"cordis-european-research-council-award-259110","Simplifying Development and Deployment of High-Performance, Reliable Distributed Systems","€1,450,000","Distributed systems form the foundation of our society's infrastructure. Unfortunately, they suffer from a number of problems. First, they are time-consuming to develop because it is difficult for the programmer to envision all possible deployment environments and design adaptation mechanisms that will achieve high performance in all scenarios. Second, the code is complex due to the numerous outcomes that have to be accounted for at development time and the need to reimplement state and network ",{"id":830,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":831,"piName":14,"institution":295,"country":149,"year":13,"amount":14,"abstract":832},"cordis-european-research-council-award-257453","Computational Symmetry for Geometric Data Analysis and Design","The analysis and synthesis of complex 3D geometric data sets is of crucial importance in many scientific disciplines (e.g. bio-medicine, material science, mechanical engineering, physics) and industrial applications (e.g. drug design, entertainment, architecture). We are currently witnessing a tremendous increase in the size and complexity of geometric data, largely fueled by significant advances in 3D acquisition and digital production technology. However, existing computational tools are often",{"id":834,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":835,"piName":14,"institution":817,"country":149,"year":13,"amount":836,"abstract":837},"cordis-european-research-council-award-281904","Pathogen and commensal immunity compared in a reversible infection model that uncouples immunity from pathogen immune evasion","€1,499,992","The research described in this proposal will use a novel reversible intestinal infection model developed in my laboratory (Hapfelmeier et al., 2010. Science 328:1705-1709) for the detailed study of the differences between intestinal commensal and pathogen induced immunity. In my earlier work this system allowed fully reversible intestinal exposure of germ-free animals with live bacteria so that the commensal-induced immunity could be uncoupled from persistent bacterial colonization. This permitt",{"id":839,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":840,"piName":14,"institution":841,"country":34,"year":13,"amount":842,"abstract":843},"cordis-european-research-council-award-263472","Rebalancing the brain:Guiding brain recovery after stroke","UNIVERSITEIT MAASTRICHT","€1,344,853","Damage to parietal cortex after stroke causes patients to become unaware of large parts of their surroundings and body parts. This so-called spatial neglect is hypothesised to be brought about by a stroke-induced  imbalance  between the left and right hemisphere. Some patients experience a partial recovery of lost abilities, but the factors that drive this  rebalancing  are unknown. The research proposed here will overcome this bottleneck in our understanding of the brain recovery phenomenon, an",{"id":845,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":846,"piName":14,"institution":847,"country":142,"year":13,"amount":848,"abstract":849},"cordis-european-research-council-award-278320","Theory of optomechanical circuits","FRIEDRICH-ALEXANDER-UNIVERSITAET ERLANGEN-NUERNBERG","€1,499,000","The interaction between light and mechanical motion in nanostructures has become a research topic with significant impact and promise recently. This rapidly developing area at the intersection between nanophysics and quantum optics is also known as “cavity optomechanics”. Fundamental investigations in quantum physics and possible applications like ultrasensitive detection of small displacements, forces and masses drive this field. By now, the basic features have been demonstrated in various expe",{"id":851,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":852,"piName":14,"institution":160,"country":12,"year":13,"amount":853,"abstract":854},"cordis-european-research-council-award-279790","Electrical Petrology: tracking mantle melting and volatiles cycling using electrical conductivity","€1,051,236","Melting in the Earth’s mantle rules the deep volatile cycles because it produces liquids that concentrate and redistribute volatile species. Such redistributions trigger volcanic degassing, magma emplacement in the crust and hydrothermal circulation, and other sorts of chemical redistribution within the mantle (metasomatism). Melting also affects mantle viscosities and therefore impacts on global geodynamics. So far, experimental petrology has been the main approach to construct a picture of the",{"id":856,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":857,"piName":14,"institution":497,"country":372,"year":13,"amount":14,"abstract":858},"cordis-european-research-council-award-283454","Networks, Markets and Organizations","The complex set of relationships among economic agents has profound effects on individuals’ behaviour and economic outcomes. This premise, which finds strong empirical support, is at the basis of the recent development of the economic theory of networks. Research on networks in the last 15 years has set up a common tool to model and study complex relationships within the economic paradigm. This project will advance the state of the art by 1) furthering the development of network theory in econom",{"id":860,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":861,"piName":14,"institution":160,"country":12,"year":13,"amount":862,"abstract":863},"cordis-european-research-council-award-263577","The Liber glossarum. Edition of a Carolingian ecyclopaedia","€945,571","The Liber Glossarum is a very large dictionary (about 30000 entries), compiled in Northern France at the end of the VIIIth c., and combining encyclopaedic, theological, medical and grammatical sources. While being the first European alphabetical dictionary, it is still much neglected by modern scholars, principally because there exist only partial editions from the beginning of the XXth c.This project aims to provide a full edition of the text, based upon a large number of manuscripts, as well a",{"id":865,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":866,"piName":14,"institution":867,"country":34,"year":13,"amount":868,"abstract":869},"cordis-european-research-council-award-280281","Chatting with Neurons: A novel approach to the study of neurophysiologic responses of neuronal tissue in vitro, combining nanotechnology, tissue engineering, microfluidics and neuroelectrophysiology","TECHNISCHE UNIVERSITEIT EINDHOVEN","€1,260,000","Laboratory-on-a-Chip technology was introduced in this field. To avoid the complexity of an animal model and to reduce the number of animals for pre-clinical research cell culture models are important. Here, the combination of microfluidics, tissue engineering and neuroelectrophysiology on MEA-chips is suggested. Because neuronal tissue on chip may act differently from the neurons in their natural environment, the first objective is to follow a systems engineering approach to realize a platform ",{"id":871,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":872,"piName":14,"institution":756,"country":142,"year":13,"amount":873,"abstract":874},"cordis-european-research-council-award-263651","Transition to parenthood:  International and national studies of norms and gender division of work at the life course transition to parenthood","€1,393,751","The project is the first comprehensive study to assess contemporary parenting norms and practices and their diffusion. The project develops a comparative framework to study prevalent motherhood and fatherhood norms, images, identities and behaviour in current societies. The project will focus on how parenting roles are constructed by professionals, welfare states, and popular media, and will assess how cultural and institutional norms and images are perceived and realized by expecting and new pa",{"id":876,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":877,"piName":14,"institution":878,"country":149,"year":13,"amount":14,"abstract":879},"cordis-european-research-council-award-260988","Control of mouse metabolism by circadian clock-coordinated mRNA translation","NESTEC SA","The mammalian circadian clock plays a fundamental role in the liver by regulating fatty acid, glucose and xenobiotic metabolism. Impairment of this rhythm has been show to lead to diverse pathologies including metabolic syndrome. At present, it is supposed that the circadian clock regulates metabolism mostly by regulating the expression of liver enzymes at the transcriptional level. We have now collected evidence that post-transcriptional regulations play also an important role in this regulatio",{"id":881,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":882,"piName":14,"institution":883,"country":131,"year":13,"amount":884,"abstract":885},"cordis-european-research-council-award-278793","Molecular engineering of virus-like carriers","UNIVERSITY COLLEGE LONDON","€1,643,736","In the last 5 years I have been working on the study of nanoscopic vesicles formed by the assembly in water of amphiphilic block copolymers. These polymer vesicles also known as polymersomes can be designed with size, topology and morphology similar to natural viruses. The synthetic nature of copolymers allows the design of interfaces with various classes of biochemically-active functional groups. This, in combination with precise control over the molecular architecture, determines the degree of",{"id":887,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":888,"piName":14,"institution":889,"country":34,"year":13,"amount":890,"abstract":891},"cordis-european-research-council-award-259272","Ultra-fast control of THz plasmon polariton resonances","STICHTING NEDERLANDSE WETENSCHAPPELIJK ONDERZOEK INSTITUTEN","€1,492,800","Active control of the optical properties of materials represents one of the most fundamental aspects of photonics. It is crucial to deepen our understanding on light-matter interactions, and for the development of novel technologies. Of special importance is the interaction of light with metal surfaces, leading to surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs). SPPs can give rise to giant local field enhancements in subwavelength volumes. Thanks to recent developments in plasmonics, electromagnetic fields ca",{"id":893,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":894,"piName":14,"institution":895,"country":149,"year":13,"amount":28,"abstract":896},"cordis-european-research-council-award-260936","Reactive Oxygen Species in CTL-mediated Cell Death: from Mechanism to Applications","UNIVERSITE DE GENEVE","Cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) and natural killer (NK) cells release granzyme and perforin from cytotoxic granules into the immune synapse to induce apoptosis of target cells that are either virus-infected or cancerous. Granzyme A activates a caspase-independent apoptotic pathway and induces mitochondrial damage characterized by superoxide anion production and loss of the mitochondrial transmembrane potential, without disrupting the integrity of the mitochondrial outer membrane; while causing sin",{"id":898,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":899,"piName":14,"institution":900,"country":372,"year":13,"amount":28,"abstract":901},"cordis-european-research-council-award-260897","Targeting the reproductive biology of the malaria mosquito Anopheles gambiae: from laboratory studies to field applications","UNIVERSITA DEGLI STUDI DI PERUGIA","Anopheles gambiae mosquitoes are the major vectors of malaria, a disease with devastating consequences forhuman health. Novel methods for controlling the natural vector populations are urgently needed, given theevolution of insecticide resistance in mosquitoes and the lack of novel insecticidals. Understanding theprocesses at the bases of mosquito biology may help to roll back malaria. In this proposal, we will targetmosquito reproduction, a major determinant of the An. gambiae vectorial capacit",{"id":903,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":904,"piName":14,"institution":905,"country":142,"year":13,"amount":906,"abstract":907},"cordis-european-research-council-award-279494","New tools for nanoscale optical spectroscopy -Functional imaging of single nanostructures using antennas","LUDWIG-MAXIMILIANS-UNIVERSITAET MUENCHEN","€1,488,077","Optical microscopy forms the basis of most of the natural sciences. Besides the direct visualization of objects hidden to the unaided human eye, optical spectroscopy – or in other words “colour vision”- is of prime importance providing information on electronic and vibronic properties. In addition, experiments using ultrafast laser pulses provide the highest possible temporal resolution enabling real-time observations of photo-induced processes. Conventional microscopy, however, suffers from dif",{"id":909,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":910,"piName":14,"institution":905,"country":142,"year":13,"amount":911,"abstract":912},"cordis-european-research-council-award-259158","Stimulated Raman analysis and Raman microscopy with Fourier Domain Mode Locked (FDML) laser sources","€1,168,058","Raman spectroscopy is one of the most specific non-destructive optical techniques to identify the chemical composition of a sample. Further, there is great hope that in the future it may be a powerful biomedical imaging technique for in vitro or in vivo microscopy, providing molecular contrast without exogenous contrast agents.However, due to the small Raman cross-section, for many applications the acquisition is prohibitively slow. Techniques to solve this problem and to increase the Raman sign",{"id":914,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":915,"piName":14,"institution":916,"country":131,"year":13,"amount":14,"abstract":917},"cordis-european-research-council-award-260661","Direct photobiological conversion of solar energy to volatile transport fuels","IMPERIAL COLLEGE OF SCIENCE TECHNOLOGY AND MEDICINE","The aim is to integrate photosynthetic solar energy conversion and synthesis of volatile engine-ready transport fuel in a single photobiological process. The focus is placed on the construction of phototrophic model systems for synthesis of the short-chain alkane propane (C3H8). Propane can be used in existing engines without further chemical conversion and can be easily recovered from the production process without destructive harvesting and extraction. However, no commercial biological product",{"id":919,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":920,"piName":14,"institution":895,"country":149,"year":13,"amount":28,"abstract":921},"cordis-european-research-council-award-260927","Population transcriptional genomics in humans using high throughput sequencing","Gene expression is one of the marks of cellular state and function. The relative abundance of transcripts defines and is a result of the differentiation status of a cell. Interrogation of gene expression levels and patterns in the human and other genomes can be informative about perturbations from the  average  pattern due to external stimuli or internal factors such as genetic variants. Gene expression profiles have been extensively used to assess developmental processes, pathways contributing ",{"id":923,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":924,"piName":14,"institution":916,"country":131,"year":13,"amount":925,"abstract":926},"cordis-european-research-council-award-260371","A functional analysis of Listeria and Staphylococcus lipoteichoic acid","€1,483,505","This proposal aims to provide insight into the physiological function of lipoteichoic acid (LTA) in the two Gram-positive bacterial pathogens Listeria monocytogenes and Staphylococcus aureus. LTA is an essential component of the envelope in Gram-positive bacteria. While the chemical structure of this polymer was elucidated several decades ago, the key genetic determinants for its synthesis have been identified only recently. These genetic studies made it clear that LTA has a crucial function wit",{"id":928,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":929,"piName":14,"institution":916,"country":131,"year":13,"amount":930,"abstract":931},"cordis-european-research-council-award-277800","Sampling and Reconstruction driven by Sparsity Models with Applications in Sensor Networks and Neuroscience","€1,451,162","The problem of reconstructing or estimating partially observed orsampled signals is animportant one that finds applicationin many areas of signal processing and communications. Traditionalacquisition and reconstruction approaches are heavily influences byclassical Shannon sampling theory which gives an exact samplingand interpolation formula for bandlimited signals. Recently, theemerging theory of sparse sampling has challenged the waywe think about signal acquisition and has demonstrated that, ",{"id":933,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":934,"piName":14,"institution":916,"country":131,"year":13,"amount":935,"abstract":936},"cordis-european-research-council-award-259264","Optimal dynamcal control of quantum entanglement","€1,173,240","The present proposal aims at the optimal control of the preparation, distribution and storageof entangled states of multipartite quantum systems.We will employ our recently developed observable entanglement measures to dynamically optimize entanglement per serather than fidelity with respect to some specified entangled target state.We will apply these tools to NV-centers and trapped ions in order to devise time-dependent control pulses(e.g.) laser pulses) that steer these systems into highly ent",{"id":938,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":939,"piName":14,"institution":895,"country":149,"year":13,"amount":28,"abstract":940},"cordis-european-research-council-award-260347","Neural and computational determinants of left cerebral dominance in speech and language","More than a century after Wernicke and Broca established that speech perception and production rely on temporal and prefrontal cortices of the left brain hemisphere, the biological determinants for this organization are still unknown. While functional neuroanatomy has been described in great detail, the neuroscience of language still lacks a physiologically plausible model of the neuro-computational mechanisms for coding and decoding of speech acoustic signal. We propose to fill this gap by test",{"id":942,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":943,"piName":14,"institution":916,"country":131,"year":13,"amount":944,"abstract":945},"cordis-european-research-council-award-257182","Targeting potential of carbon nanotubes at the blood brain barrier","€1,229,998","Targeted drug delivery across the blood brain barrier (BBB) to the central nervous system is a large challenge for the treatment of neurological disorders. This 4 year ERC program is aimed towards the evaluating the BBB penetration capacity and toxicological potential of novel carbon nanotube (CNT) carriers using an integrated multidisciplinary approach. State-of-art characterisation techniques developed by the PI will be applied and further developed to detect the interaction of carbon nanotube",{"id":947,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":948,"piName":14,"institution":916,"country":131,"year":13,"amount":949,"abstract":950},"cordis-european-research-council-award-279587","Organic\u002Finorganic hybrids for solution-processable photonic structures","€1,242,478","The realisation that modulated light pulses can be confined over long distances with minimum losses within a structure that comprises a controlled spatial distribution of the refractive index n – as, e.g. in optical fibres – has, without doubt, underpinned the telecommunications revolution witnessed during the 20th century. The refractive index n, quantifying how light propagates in a given medium, has as a consequence become one of the most important materials properties in designing photonics ",{"id":952,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":953,"piName":14,"institution":954,"country":142,"year":13,"amount":848,"abstract":955},"cordis-european-research-council-award-277963","Activation of Hydrogen by Organic Frustrated Lewis Pairs. Applications in catalysis","GEORG-AUGUST-UNIVERSITAT GOTTINGEN STIFTUNG OFFENTLICHEN RECHTS","Activation of H2 is typically a domain of transition metal catalysis -even nature uses metal-centred reactions for this process. However, very recently Stephan and Erker have described metal free systems able to activate dihydrogen by the use of Frustrated Lewis Pairs (FLP), a combination of sterically hindered Lewis acids and Lewis bases that for this geometric reason are not able to quench each other. Moreover they were able to apply these systems for the reduction of some imines using H2 dire",{"id":957,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":958,"piName":14,"institution":916,"country":131,"year":13,"amount":959,"abstract":960},"cordis-european-research-council-award-258642","STING - A Soft Tissue Intervention and Neurosurgical Probe","€1,499,353","Current trends in surgical intervention favour a minimally invasive (MI) approach, in which complex procedures are performed through increasingly small incisions. Significant technological advancements have been made in the area of endoluminal surgery, where natural orifices and accessible vessels are used to direct MI instruments to the target (e.g. endoscopes and endovascular catheters). In contrast, progress on the development of percutaneous instruments has been slow and new approaches need ",{"id":962,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":963,"piName":14,"institution":554,"country":131,"year":13,"amount":964,"abstract":965},"cordis-european-research-council-award-258600","Understanding and Exploiting Biological Catalysts for Energy Cycling: Development of Infrared Spectroelectrochemistry for Studying Intermediates in Metalloenzyme Catalysis","€1,373,322","Advanced catalysts for energy cycling will be essential to a future sustainable energy economy. Interconversion of water and hydrogen allows solar and other  green  electricity to be stored in transportable form as H2 - a fuel for electricity generation on demand. Precious metals (Pt) are the best catalysts currently available for H2 oxidation in fuel cells. In contrast, readily available Ni\u002FFe form the catalytic centres of robust enzymes used by micro-organisms to oxidise or produce H2 selectiv",{"id":967,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":968,"piName":14,"institution":554,"country":131,"year":13,"amount":969,"abstract":970},"cordis-european-research-council-award-263447","Biomedical Research and the Future of Property Rights","€887,602","This research project investigates the dynamics of private and public property in contemporary biomedical research. It will develop an analytical framework combining insights from science and technology studies, economic sociology, and legal and political philosophy, and pursues a social scientific investigation of the evolution of intellectual property rights in three fields of bioscientific research: 1) the use of transgenic research mice; 2) the legal status of totipotent and pluripotent stem",{"id":972,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":973,"piName":14,"institution":554,"country":131,"year":13,"amount":28,"abstract":974},"cordis-european-research-council-award-259505","Fundamental Physics from the Cosmic Microwave Background","Much of the foundational evidence for our current model of cosmology, describing the origins and evolution of the Universe, has come from observations of the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB). This is relic light that has been travelling for almost 14 billion years since the Big Bang, carrying a picture of the Universe in its infancy. So far it has told us what the Universe is made of today, as well as its average density and its age. We find that it is only 5% normal matter, with the remainder ",{"id":976,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":977,"piName":14,"institution":978,"country":685,"year":13,"amount":979,"abstract":980},"cordis-european-research-council-award-278516","Next Generation of 2D-Nanomaterials: Enabling Supercapacitor Development","THE PROVOST, FELLOWS, FOUNDATION SCHOLARS & THE OTHER MEMBERS OF BOARD, OF THE COLLEGE OF THE HOLY & UNDIVIDED TRINITY OF QUEEN ELIZABETH NEAR DUBLIN","€1,501,296","Climate change and the decreasing availability of fossil fuels require society to move towards sustainable and renewable resources. 2DNanoCaps will focus on electrochemical energy storage, specifically supercapacitors. In terms of performance supercapacitors fill up the gap between batteries and the classical capacitors. Whereas batteries possess a high energy density but low power density, supercapacitors possess high power density but low energy density. Efforts are currently dedicated to move",{"id":982,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":983,"piName":14,"institution":883,"country":14,"year":13,"amount":984,"abstract":985},"cordis-european-research-council-award-279781","Advanced materials and devices for hybrid spin coherent technologies","€1,875,550","The property of spin has been harnessed in an array of revolutionary technologies, from nuclear spins in magnetic resonance imaging to spintronics in magnetic recording media. Nature at its deepest level is quantum mechanical and spins are capable of demonstrating superposition and entanglement, yet such coherent properties have not yet been fully exploited. The exquisite control over materials fabrication and spin control techniques has reached a maturity where spintronics can go beyond purely ",{"id":987,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":988,"piName":14,"institution":554,"country":131,"year":13,"amount":989,"abstract":990},"cordis-european-research-council-award-263484","Causal Structuralist Ontologies in Antiquity: Powers as the basic building block of the worlds of the ancients","€1,228,581","The project aims to bring about a paradigm shift in our understanding of how the ancients conceived of the universe and its contents over a period of 9 centuries, 600 BC to 300 AD. The driving research hypothesis is that the sole elementary building blocks of nearly all ancient ontologies are powers, from which all there is in the universe is built. Powers are relational properties which are directed towards an end (e.g. the power to heat); thus a world of powers is structured in a web of causal",{"id":992,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":993,"piName":14,"institution":994,"country":131,"year":13,"amount":995,"abstract":996},"cordis-european-research-council-award-263599","Defining Belief and Identities in the Eastern Mediterranean:The Role of Interreligious Debate and Interaction","KING'S COLLEGE LONDON","€1,483,119","This project seeks to recover the processes by which religious beliefs and identities were defined through interreligious interaction and debate in the religious culture of a broader social base in the eastern Mediterranean (6-8th centuries AD) through examination of a neglected, unconventional corpus of medieval Greek, Syriac and Arabic literature of debate and disputation (consisting of collections of questions and answers, dialogues among others), treating authors such as Ps. Kaisarios, Anast",{"id":998,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":999,"piName":14,"institution":554,"country":131,"year":13,"amount":1000,"abstract":1001},"cordis-european-research-council-award-280053","Validation of Concurrent Software Across Abstraction Layers","€1,368,355","The cost of software quality assurance (QA) dominates the cost of IT development and maintenance projects. QA is frequently on the critical path to market. Effective software QA is therefore decisive for the competitiveness of numerous industries that rely on IT, and essential for government tasks that rely heavily on IT.This research programme will provide a pragmatic solution to the most pressing issue in software QA in mainstream software engineering: the use of concurrency. Programmers make ",{"id":1003,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":1004,"piName":14,"institution":554,"country":131,"year":13,"amount":1005,"abstract":1006},"cordis-european-research-council-award-261227","Single-molecule analysis of DNA polymerase in vitro and in vivo: a machine in action","€1,493,413","DNA polymerases are dynamic molecular machines that faithfully copy genetic information during DNA replication and DNA repair. DNA polymerases use the information in a DNA template strand to synthesize a complementary copy by adding nucleotides to the 3 -end of a DNA primer. Extensive  analysis has provided information on the structural organization of polymerases and led to proposals of a general scheme for nucleotide addition. However, there are many unanswered questions; we cannot really clai",{"id":1008,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":1009,"piName":14,"institution":1010,"country":142,"year":13,"amount":1011,"abstract":1012},"cordis-european-research-council-award-277729","Dynamic Minimal prior knowledge for model based Computer Vision and Scene Analysis","GOTTFRIED WILHELM LEIBNIZ UNIVERSITAET HANNOVER","€1,430,000","Efficient solutions for open problems in computer vision are often achieved with the help of suitable prior knowledge, e.g. stemming from labeled databases, physical simulation or geometric invariances. Yet it has been largely neglected to analyse the minimal amount of prior knowledge, needed to satisfactory solve computer vision tasks. Even more important, there is need to steer the amount of priors in a dynamic fashion. Especially for scene analysis, database knowledge can become so large and ",{"id":1014,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":1015,"piName":14,"institution":554,"country":131,"year":13,"amount":1016,"abstract":1017},"cordis-european-research-council-award-259056","Emulating Nature through Asymmetric Catalysis","€1,499,993","We aim to establish a multidisciplinary research program inspired by nature s ability to selectively and specifically control the formation of complex materials, in order to develop new catalytic reactions, generate new materials and delineate new synthetic strategies.  The performance of enzymes - complex catalysts perfected though millions years of evolution - offer ideals of selectivity and specificity that synthetic chemistry can aspire to.  This proposal aims to establish a multidisciplinar",{"id":1019,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":1020,"piName":14,"institution":684,"country":685,"year":13,"amount":14,"abstract":1021},"cordis-european-research-council-award-278530","Analysis of Biofilm Mediated Fouling of Nanofiltration Membranes","1.2 billion people worldwide lack access to safe drinking water. Drinking water quality is threatened by newly emerging organic micro-pollutants (pesticides, pharmaceuticals, industrial chemicals) in source waters. Nanofiltration is a technology that is expected to play a key role in future water treatment processes due to its effectiveness in removal of micropollutants. However, the loss of membrane flux due to fouling is one of the main impediments in the development of membrane processes for ",{"id":1023,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":1024,"piName":14,"institution":466,"country":142,"year":13,"amount":285,"abstract":1025},"cordis-european-research-council-award-277728","Geometry and Analysis of Group Rings","Eversince, the study of discrete groups and their group rings has attracted researchers from variousmathematical branches and led to beautiful results with proofs involving fields such as number theory,combinatorics and analysis. The basic object of study is the structure of the group G itself, i.e. its subgroups, quotients, etc. and properties of the group ring kG with coefficients in a field k.Recently, techniques such as Randomization and Algebraic Approximation have lead to fruitful insights",{"id":1027,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":1028,"piName":14,"institution":554,"country":131,"year":13,"amount":1029,"abstract":1030},"cordis-european-research-council-award-280025","Aerosols effects on convective clouds and climate","€1,429,243","Clouds play a key role in the climate system. Small anthropogenic perturbations of the cloud system potentially have large radiative effects. Aerosols perturb the global radiation budget directly, by scattering and absorption, as well as indirectly, by the modification of cloud properties and occurrence. The applicability of traditional conceptual models of indirect aerosol effects to convective clouds is disputed as cloud dynamics complicates the picture.Strong evidence for numerous aerosol eff",{"id":1032,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":1033,"piName":14,"institution":740,"country":142,"year":13,"amount":1034,"abstract":1035},"cordis-european-research-council-award-277993","The h-Principle for Fluid Dynamics","€870,000","A fundamental problem of the theory of turbulence is to find a satisfactory mathematical framework linking the Navier-Stokes equations to the statistical theory of Kolmogorov. A central difficulty in this task is the inherent non-uniqueness and pathological behaviour of weak solutionsof the Euler equations, the inviscid limit of the Navier-Stokes equations. This non-uniqueness, rather than an isolated phenomenon, turns out to be directly linked to the celebrated construction of Nash and Kuiper o",{"id":1037,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":1038,"piName":14,"institution":740,"country":142,"year":13,"amount":28,"abstract":1039},"cordis-european-research-council-award-261224","DNA based nanometry: Exploring chromatin structure and molecular motors","DNA metabolism is governed by a delicate balance between compacting the stored genetic information while simultaneously ensuring a highly dynamically access to it. This interdisciplinary project aims (i) to understand the mechanics and dynamics of chromatin as well as the mechanism of enzymes involved in DNA metabolism on a molecular level and (ii) to develop new nanometric tools based on optical methods and 3D DNA nanostructures that allow addressing new experimental questions. Within the resea",{"id":1041,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":1042,"piName":14,"institution":554,"country":131,"year":13,"amount":1043,"abstract":1044},"cordis-european-research-council-award-279705","Solving the nanostructure problem: Understanding, exploiting and designing functional disordered materials","€1,694,608","Many materials of fundamental importance possess structures that do not exhibit long-range periodicity. The absence of Bragg reflections in the diffraction patterns of these materials precludes the use of traditional crystallographic techniques as a means of determining their atomic-scale structures. Yet it is clear that these materials do possess well-defined local structure on the nanometre scale; moreover it is often this local structure that is implicated in the particular physical propertie",{"id":1046,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":1047,"piName":14,"institution":295,"country":149,"year":13,"amount":14,"abstract":1048},"cordis-european-research-council-award-259419","Stretchable Electronic Skins","Future electronic systems will be soft and elastic.  I propose to explore the materials, technology and integration of stretchable electronic systems, which will transform at will, evenly coat a spherical lens, or smoothly interface with a delicate biological organ.  Electronics will be anywhere as well as everywhere.  The proposed programme has the potential to emulate yet another revolution in the microelectronics industry and trigger transformations in the biomedical sector.The ESKIN programm",{"id":1050,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":1051,"piName":14,"institution":1052,"country":21,"year":13,"amount":461,"abstract":1053},"cordis-european-research-council-award-259276","CAMAP: Computer Aided Modeling for Astrophysical Plasmas","UNIVERSITAT DE VALENCIA","This project will be aimed at obtaining a deeper insight into the physical processes taking place in astrophysical magnetized plasmas. To study these scenarios I will employ different numerical codes as virtual tools that enable me to experiment on computers (virtual labs) with distinct initial and boundary conditions. Among the kind of sources I am interested to consider, I outline the following: Gamma-Ray Bursts (GRBs), extragalactic jets from Active Galactic Nuclei (AGN), magnetars and collap",200,{"programme":8,"total":1056,"withPiName":1057,"firstYear":1058,"lastYear":1059,"countryCount":1060,"perYear":1061,"topInstitutions":1119,"topCountries":1189},7919,572,2008,2027,52,[1062,1064,1067,1070,1072,1075,1078,1081,1084,1087,1090,1093,1096,1099,1102,1105,1108,1111,1114,1117],{"year":1058,"count":1063},279,{"year":1065,"count":1066},2009,157,{"year":1068,"count":1069},2010,302,{"year":13,"count":1071},447,{"year":1073,"count":1074},2012,524,{"year":1076,"count":1077},2013,456,{"year":1079,"count":1080},2014,297,{"year":1082,"count":1083},2015,366,{"year":1085,"count":1086},2016,376,{"year":1088,"count":1089},2017,419,{"year":1091,"count":1092},2018,582,{"year":1094,"count":1095},2019,393,{"year":1097,"count":1098},2020,384,{"year":1100,"count":1101},2021,394,{"year":1103,"count":1104},2022,514,{"year":1106,"count":1107},2023,512,{"year":1109,"count":1110},2024,473,{"year":1112,"count":1113},2025,482,{"year":1115,"count":1116},2026,556,{"year":1059,"count":1118},6,[1120,1122,1125,1128,1130,1133,1136,1139,1142,1145,1148,1150,1153,1156,1159,1162,1165,1168,1170,1172,1175,1177,1180,1183,1186],{"name":1121,"count":1101},"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique CNRS",{"name":1123,"count":1124},"Max-Planck-Gesellschaft zur Forderung der Wissenschaften Ev",175,{"name":1126,"count":1127},"University of Cambridge",129,{"name":1129,"count":1127},"University of Oxford",{"name":1131,"count":1132},"Hebrew University of Jerusalem",112,{"name":1134,"count":1135},"University College London",110,{"name":1137,"count":1138},"Tel Aviv University",107,{"name":1140,"count":1141},"Weizmann Institute of Science",104,{"name":1143,"count":1144},"Eidgenoessische Technische Hochschule Zuerich",87,{"name":1146,"count":1147},"Kobenhavns Universitet",85,{"name":1149,"count":1147},"Universiteit Gent",{"name":1151,"count":1152},"Universiteit van Amsterdam",84,{"name":1154,"count":1155},"École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne",83,{"name":1157,"count":1158},"Ludwig-Maximilians-Universitaet Muenchen",82,{"name":1160,"count":1161},"Institut National de la Sante Et de la Recherche Medicale",78,{"name":1163,"count":1164},"Universiteit Utrecht",76,{"name":1166,"count":1167},"Imperial College of Science Technology and Medicine",71,{"name":1169,"count":1167},"Katholieke Universiteit Leuven",{"name":1171,"count":1167},"Technische Universiteit Delft",{"name":1173,"count":1174},"Technion - Israel Institute of Technology",70,{"name":1176,"count":1174},"Technische Universitaet Muenchen",{"name":1178,"count":1179},"Universiteit Leiden",69,{"name":1181,"count":1182},"Agencia Estatal Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas",67,{"name":1184,"count":1185},"The University of Edinburgh",64,{"name":1187,"count":1188},"Helsingin Yliopisto",57,[1190,1192,1194,1196,1198,1199,1201,1203,1205,1207,1209,1211,1213,1215,1216,1218,1221,1224,1227,1229,1231,1234,1236,1239,1241],{"name":142,"count":1191},1346,{"name":131,"count":1193},1007,{"name":12,"count":1195},932,{"name":34,"count":1197},772,{"name":372,"count":1107},{"name":21,"count":1200},475,{"name":107,"count":1202},470,{"name":149,"count":1204},389,{"name":47,"count":1206},348,{"name":27,"count":1208},291,{"name":87,"count":1210},269,{"name":119,"count":1212},189,{"name":473,"count":1214},137,{"name":685,"count":1135},{"name":448,"count":1217},108,{"name":1219,"count":1220},"PT",92,{"name":1222,"count":1223},"GB",68,{"name":1225,"count":1226},"PL",60,{"name":455,"count":1228},43,{"name":487,"count":1230},41,{"name":1232,"count":1233},"US",36,{"name":215,"count":1235},32,{"name":1237,"count":1238},"TR",24,{"name":100,"count":1240},14,{"name":1242,"count":1243},"EE",10]