[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"awarded-erc-starting-grant-2013":3,"awarded-stats-erc-starting-grant":1061},{"awarded":4,"total":1060},[5,16,23,30,37,42,49,56,63,69,76,82,88,93,99,105,111,116,123,128,134,138,143,150,155,161,166,171,176,181,186,191,196,201,206,211,215,221,226,231,235,240,245,250,255,259,264,270,275,280,285,290,296,302,307,312,318,324,329,334,339,344,349,355,360,365,370,376,381,385,390,395,399,404,409,414,419,424,429,433,438,443,447,452,456,462,467,471,478,485,490,494,499,504,510,516,522,527,532,537,542,547,552,557,562,567,572,576,580,585,590,596,602,607,612,617,622,627,631,636,641,647,651,657,663,668,673,677,682,688,694,699,704,708,714,718,723,728,734,740,746,752,758,763,769,775,780,786,791,796,801,805,810,815,821,825,831,837,842,848,853,859,864,870,875,880,885,890,895,899,904,909,914,919,923,928,934,939,946,951,956,961,966,971,976,982,988,992,997,1002,1008,1013,1018,1023,1028,1033,1039,1044,1049,1054],{"id":6,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":9,"piName":10,"institution":11,"country":12,"year":13,"amount":14,"abstract":15},"openalex-european-research-council-award-erc-stg-279985","European Research Council","ERC Starting Grant","Self-Healing of Hierarchical Materials","Federico Bosia","University of Turin","IT",2013,null,"We present a theoretical and numerical analysis of the mechanical behavior of self-healing materials using an analytical model and numerical calculations both based on a Hierarchical Fiber Bundle Model, and applying them to graphene- or carbon-nanotube-based materials. The self-healing process can be described essentially through a single parameter, that is, the healing rate, but numerical simulations also highlight the influence of the location of the healing process on the overall strengthenin",{"id":17,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":18,"piName":19,"institution":20,"country":21,"year":13,"amount":14,"abstract":22},"openalex-european-research-council-award-erc-stg-240132","Decoding neural responses to temporal cues for sound localization","Dan F. M. Goodman","Laboratoire Psychologie de la Perception","FR","The activity of sensory neural populations carries information about the environment. This may be extracted from neural activity using different strategies. In the auditory brainstem, a recent theory proposes that sound location in the horizontal plane is decoded from the relative summed activity of two populations in each hemisphere, whereas earlier theories hypothesized that the location was decoded from the identity of the most active cells. We tested the performance of various decoders of ne",{"id":24,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":25,"piName":26,"institution":27,"country":28,"year":13,"amount":14,"abstract":29},"openalex-european-research-council-award-erc-2010-stg-257023-microbone","Mineralization-driven bone tissue evolution follows from fluid-to-solid phase transformations in closed thermodynamic systems","Christian Hellmich","TU Wien","AT","The fundamental mechanisms that govern bone mineralization have been fairly well evidenced by means of experimental research. However, rules for the evolution of the volume and composition of the bone tissue compartments (such as the mineralized collagen fibrils and the extrafibrillar space in between) have not been provided yet. As an original contribution to this open question, we here test whether mineralizing bone tissue can be represented as a thermodynamically closed system, where crystals",{"id":31,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":32,"piName":33,"institution":34,"country":35,"year":13,"amount":14,"abstract":36},"openalex-european-research-council-award-maspic-erc-2007-stg-208162-","Automatable sample fabrication process for pump-probe X-ray holographic imaging","Felix Büttner","Technische Universität Berlin","DE","Soft X-ray holography is a recently developed imaging technique with sub-50 nm spatial resolution. Key advantages of this technique are magnetic and elemental sensitivity, compatibility with imaging at free electron laser facilities, and immunity to in-situ sample excitations and sample drift, which enables the reliable detection of relative changes between two images with a precision of a few nanometers. In X-ray holography, the main part of the experimental setup is integrated in the sample, w",{"id":38,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":39,"piName":40,"institution":41,"country":35,"year":13,"amount":14,"abstract":14},"openalex-european-research-council-award-erc-2011-stg-281473-virafront","Hepatitis C Virus Replication in Mouse Cells Is Restricted by IFN-Dependent and -Independent Mechanisms","Ramya Nandakumar","Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research",{"id":43,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":44,"piName":45,"institution":46,"country":47,"year":13,"amount":14,"abstract":48},"openalex-european-research-council-award-erc-2007-stg-205199-ernbptc","tRNA genes rapidly change in evolution to meet novel translational demands","Avihu H. Yona","Weizmann Institute of Science","IL","Changes in expression patterns may occur when organisms are presented with new environmental challenges, for example following migration or genetic changes. To elucidate the mechanisms by which the translational machinery adapts to such changes, we perturbed the tRNA pool of Saccharomyces cerevisiae by tRNA gene deletion. We then evolved the deletion strain and observed that the genetic adaptation was recurrently based on a strategic mutation that changed the anticodon of other tRNA genes to mat",{"id":50,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":51,"piName":52,"institution":53,"country":54,"year":13,"amount":14,"abstract":55},"openalex-european-research-council-award-shapeforge-stg-2012-307877-imodel-stg-2012-306877-","Make it stand","Romain Prévost","ETH Zurich","CH","Imbalance suggests a feeling of dynamism and movement in static objects. It is therefore not surprising that many 3D models stand in impossibly balanced configurations. As long as the models remain in a computer this is of no consequence: the laws of physics do not apply. However, fabrication through 3D printing breaks the illusion: printed models topple instead of standing as initially intended. We propose to assist users in producing novel, properly balanced designs by interactively deforming ",{"id":57,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":58,"piName":59,"institution":60,"country":61,"year":13,"amount":14,"abstract":62},"openalex-european-research-council-award-shapeforge-stg-2012-307877-dynamic-element-textures-hku-717112e-","Dynamic element textures","Chongyang Ma","Tsinghua University","CN","Many natural phenomena consist of geometric elements with dynamic motions characterized by small scale repetitions over large scale structures, such as particles, herds, threads, and sheets. Due to their ubiquity, controlling the appearance and behavior of such phenomena is important for a variety of graphics applications. However, such control is often challenging; the repetitive elements are often too numerous for manual edit, while their overall structures are often too versatile for fully au",{"id":64,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":65,"piName":66,"institution":67,"country":68,"year":13,"amount":14,"abstract":14},"openalex-european-research-council-award-erc-2007-stg-205927","Diversification of SUMO-Activating Enzyme in Arabidopsis: Implications in SUMO Conjugation","Laura Castaño-Miquel","Center for Research in Agricultural Genomics","ES",{"id":70,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":71,"piName":14,"institution":72,"country":73,"year":13,"amount":74,"abstract":75},"cordis-european-research-council-award-313502","Restriction and Obviation in Scalar Expressions: the semantics and pragmatics of range markers across and throughout languages","UNIVERSITEIT UTRECHT","NL","€1,300,518","Most languages have a fairly well developed system of words for numbers, called numerals. It is cross-linguistically common, moreover, for languages to have a very rich paradigm of modifiers of such numerals. For instance, English allows the numeral fifty to be modified by comparatives (more than 50), (adverbial) superlatives (at least 50), equatives (as many as 50), locative prepositions (over 50), directional prepositions (up to 50), disjunctions (50 or more) and adverbs (exactly 50). As illus",{"id":77,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":78,"piName":14,"institution":79,"country":80,"year":13,"amount":14,"abstract":81},"cordis-european-research-council-award-313419","Experimentation versus Interpretation: exploring New Paths in Music Performance in the Twenty-First Century","ORPHEUS INSTITUUT VZW","BE","As part of the historical shift out of a textual culture into a ‘mediatized’ image and sound culture, musical performance practices have undergone, in recent decades, a shift from text-based to performative-based renderings of musical works—focussing attention upon the experience of performance more as a material, present event, then as an ‘execution’ or ‘interpretation’ of an abstract work. The aim of this research proposal is to investigate: (a) the extent to which the traditional conception o",{"id":83,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":84,"piName":14,"institution":85,"country":47,"year":13,"amount":86,"abstract":87},"cordis-european-research-council-award-335377","Mutational and Functional Analysis of the Melanoma Genome","WEIZMANN INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE","€1,500,000","Cancer is a genetic disease that involves the accumulation of somatic mutations. Comprehensive understanding of the mutations that cause cancer and their functional effects is a critical step towards: a) global understanding of cancer development and tumor phenotypes, b) sub-classification of cancer based on mutational signatures, and c) developing targeted therapies based on mutations in specific tumors.Recent advances in high-throughput genomic technologies provide an unprecedented opportunity",{"id":89,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":90,"piName":14,"institution":72,"country":73,"year":13,"amount":91,"abstract":92},"cordis-european-research-council-award-336230","Unilateralism and the protection of global interests: opportunities and limits of the exercise of state jurisdiction","€1,341,529","In the 20th century, states have increasingly sought to apply their laws to situations and persons beyond their borders. They typically did so to protect their own interests from harm spilling over their borders. Recently, however, states appear to be giving their laws ‘extraterritorial’ application to protect global interests, not only when prosecuting international criminals, but also by enacting emissions trading schemes to tackle global warming, by taking sanctions against foreign vessels in",{"id":94,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":95,"piName":14,"institution":96,"country":21,"year":13,"amount":97,"abstract":98},"cordis-european-research-council-award-336467","A Diagonal Approach to CO2 Recycling to Fine Chemicals","COMMISSARIAT A L ENERGIE ATOMIQUE ET AUX ENERGIES ALTERNATIVES","€1,494,734","Because fossil resources are a limited feedstock and their use results in the accumulation of atmospheric CO2, the organic chemistry industry will face important challenges in the next decades to find alternative feedstocks. New methods for the recycling of CO2 are therefore needed, to use CO2 as a carbon source for the production of organic chemicals. Yet, CO2 is difficult to transform and only 3 chemical processes recycling CO2 have been industrialized to date. To tackle this problem, my idea ",{"id":100,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":101,"piName":14,"institution":102,"country":54,"year":13,"amount":103,"abstract":104},"cordis-european-research-council-award-336456","MAGNETOELECTRIC CHEMONANOROBOTICS FOR CHEMICAL AND BIOMEDICAL APPLICATIONS","EIDGENOESSISCHE TECHNISCHE HOCHSCHULE ZUERICH","€1,491,701","The ability to generate electric fields at small scales is becoming increasingly important in many fields of research including plasmonics-based sensing, micro- and nanofabrication, microfluidics and spintronics.  The localized generation of electrical fields at extremely small scales has the potential to revolutionize conventional methods of electrically stimulating cells.  The objective of this proposal is the development of miniaturized untethered devices capable of delivering electric curren",{"id":106,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":107,"piName":14,"institution":108,"country":35,"year":13,"amount":109,"abstract":110},"cordis-european-research-council-award-337043","Identify novel pathways to enhance the induction of protective CD8+ T cell responses","TECHNISCHE UNIVERSITAET MUENCHEN","€1,499,850","There is an urgent need for progress in developing prophylactic and therapeutic vaccination strategies that induce polyfunctional, strongly protective cytotoxic CD8 T cell responses. These could shield us from pathogens against which the presently available, neutralizing antibody-inducing vaccine approaches confer limited or no protection and they could be used to eliminate tumors or chronic infections. In contrast to this need, we currently fail to induce effector and memory CD8 T cells in numb",{"id":112,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":113,"piName":14,"institution":108,"country":35,"year":13,"amount":114,"abstract":115},"cordis-european-research-council-award-312368","Delegation of Power to International Organizations and Institutional Empowerment over Time","€1,293,400","In recent decades, there has been a steady increase in the number of international Organizations (IOs). At varying levels states have surrendered some authority to IOs, giving them different levels of institutional empowerment. While in the EU, IMF and World Bank there has been a steadily extension of their competences, in the GATT\u002FWTO-Secretariat, NATO and WHO the degree of delegated authority has remained constant. How can we explain these different degrees of authority granted to IOs and thei",{"id":117,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":118,"piName":14,"institution":119,"country":120,"year":13,"amount":121,"abstract":122},"cordis-european-research-council-award-336935","Transmembrane Molecular Machines","THE UNIVERSITY OF EDINBURGH","UK","€1,499,780","This research programme is dedicated to the development of rationally designed transmembrane molecular machines. Proteins that undergo nanomechanical transitions to facilitate transmembrane communication, or that operate as transmembrane pumps, rotary motors, and molecular transporters are ubiquitous in nature. Despite much progress in the development of solid-state and chemical nanomechanical devices such as molecular rotors, walkers and logic devices, no such systems have been developed that o",{"id":124,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":125,"piName":14,"institution":126,"country":120,"year":13,"amount":14,"abstract":127},"cordis-european-research-council-award-306990","Material-driven Fibronectin Fibrillogenesis to Engineer Synergistic Growth Factor Microenvironments","UNIVERSITY OF GLASGOW","Cells within tissues are surrounded by fibrillar extracellular matrices (ECM) that support cell adhesion, migration, proliferation and differentiation. Fibronectin (FN) is an ECM protein organized into fibrillar networks by cells through an integrin-mediated process. This assembly allows the unfolding of the molecule, exposing cryptic domains not available in the native globular FN structure and activating intracellular signalling complexes.This project aims to engineer functional interfaces bet",{"id":129,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":130,"piName":14,"institution":131,"country":80,"year":13,"amount":132,"abstract":133},"cordis-european-research-council-award-313376","The Real Estate\u002FFinancial Complex","KATHOLIEKE UNIVERSITEIT LEUVEN","€1,497,919","Real estate and finance were at the roots of the global economic crisis that started in 2007. States and their many institutions have also been seen as complicit to the crisis. The connections between real estate (both residential and non-residential), finance and states still remain under-researched and under-theorized. Work in various political economy traditions has done a great deal of research into the connection between finance and states, but they have often ignored a crucial sector: real",{"id":135,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":136,"piName":14,"institution":85,"country":47,"year":13,"amount":86,"abstract":137},"cordis-european-research-council-award-335122","Single cell heterogeneity in the mammalian liver","The mammalian liver performs critical functions for maintaining metabolic homeostasis. It regulates the body’s glucose and lipid stores, detoxifies blood, and produces bile among a host of other functions. The liver achieves this diversity through the collective behaviour of heterogeneous hepatocytes operating in highly structured microenvironments. Understanding the design principles of the liver is an open challenge requiring analysis of single cells within the intact tissue.Liver heterogeneit",{"id":139,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":140,"piName":14,"institution":85,"country":47,"year":13,"amount":141,"abstract":142},"cordis-european-research-council-award-305629","High-Dimensional Phenomena and Convexity","€998,000","High-dimensional problems with a geometric flavor appear in quite a few branches of mathematics, mathematical physics and theoretical computer science.  A priori, one would think that the diversity and the rapid increase of the number of configurations would make it impossible to formulate general, interesting theorems that apply to large classes of high-dimensional geometric objects. The underlying theme of the proposed project is that the contrary is often true. Mathematical developments of th",{"id":144,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":145,"piName":14,"institution":146,"country":147,"year":13,"amount":148,"abstract":149},"cordis-european-research-council-award-337603","Multipartite Quantum Information Theory","KOBENHAVNS UNIVERSITET","DK","€1,389,581","Quantum information theory studies the way information is stored, transmitted and processed in quantum devices. Mathematically, quantum information theory extends Shannon's theory of information but differs from it by allowing both for stronger correlations known as entanglement and for non-commutative effects resulting in measurement uncertainty as required by the laws of quantum physics. Entanglement has been shown to be crucial for the advantages offered by quantum communication and computati",{"id":151,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":152,"piName":14,"institution":102,"country":54,"year":13,"amount":153,"abstract":154},"cordis-european-research-council-award-335577","Interplay between metamorphism and deformation in the Earth’s lithosphere","€1,499,820","A key to understanding the processes operating in the outer part of the Earth is to look at the metamorphic rocks produced in orogenic belts. These rocks now exhumed to the Earth’s surface provide a record of what they experienced, if only they can be correctly interpreted.The recent use of high resolution devices has revealed the three-dimensional size, shape, composition and distribution of microstructural features in metamorphic rocks down to the nanometre-scale. The new observations show tha",{"id":156,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":157,"piName":14,"institution":158,"country":159,"year":13,"amount":14,"abstract":160},"cordis-european-research-council-award-336126","Next Generation Semiconductor Nanowires","LUNDS UNIVERSITET","SE","Semiconductor nanowires composed of III-V materials have enormous potential to add new functionality to electronics and optical applications. However, integration of these promising structures into applications is severely limited by the current near-universal reliance on gold nanoparticles as seeds for nanowire fabrication. Although highly controlled fabrication is achieved, this metal is entirely incompatible with the Si-based electronics industry. It also presents limitations for the extensio",{"id":162,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":163,"piName":14,"institution":102,"country":54,"year":13,"amount":164,"abstract":165},"cordis-european-research-council-award-337986","Optofluidic toolkit for characterizing single-cell dynamics in systems immunology","€1,499,165","Immune cells constantly receive signalling inputs such as pathogen-emitted molecules, use gene regulatory pathways to process these signals, and generate outputs by secreting signalling molecules like cytokines. Characterizing the input-output relationship of a biological system helps understanding its regulatory mechanisms, and allows building models to predict how the system will operate in complex physiological scenarios, such as population tissue response to infection.  A major obstacle in t",{"id":167,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":168,"piName":14,"institution":72,"country":73,"year":13,"amount":169,"abstract":170},"cordis-european-research-council-award-337581","Communication between immune cells via release of RNA-carrying vesicles: Lessons from viruses","€1,499,806","Communication between immune cells is crucial for regulating the magnitude and quality of immune responses. A newly uncovered means of intercellular communication involves transfer of small cell-derived vesicles. I recently discovered that vesicles released by immune cells are enriched for small noncoding RNAs, which may act as regulatory RNAs that can influence gene expression in vesicle-targeted cells. Furthermore, remarkable parallels emerged between RNAs abundantly present in cell-derived ve",{"id":172,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":173,"piName":14,"institution":174,"country":73,"year":13,"amount":86,"abstract":175},"cordis-european-research-council-award-312221","The Dynamics of Genome Processing","TECHNISCHE UNIVERSITEIT DELFT","The vast quantity of information in our genomes must continuously be read out and processed. This is done by proteins, acting either individually or as part of larger protein complexes. How this genome processing operates successfully, given the crowded nature of the DNA track as well as its mechanical constraints and coiling, is a question of fundamental interest.We will investigate the dynamics of genome processing during DNA transcription and replication.  Throughout, we ask the question, wha",{"id":177,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":178,"piName":14,"institution":179,"country":159,"year":13,"amount":86,"abstract":180},"cordis-european-research-council-award-307144","Magnonics Using Spin Torque, spin caloritronics, And Nanoplasmonic engineerinG","GOETEBORGS UNIVERSITET","My overall aim is to develop a Magnonic technology platform where Spintronic, Spin-Caloritronic and Nano-plasmonic devices and structures combine to create ground-breaking functionality from novel interactions between charge, spin, heat and light. With traditional Magnonic studies typically geared towards the low GHz range, and nanoplasmonic phenomena primarily focusing on visible light, my proposed platform will also attempt to bridge the so-called “THz gap” and create ultra-broadband and rapid",{"id":182,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":183,"piName":14,"institution":131,"country":80,"year":13,"amount":184,"abstract":185},"cordis-european-research-council-award-308223","In silico and in vitro Models of Angiogenesis: unravelling the role of the extracellular matrix","€1,497,400","Angiogenesis, the formation of new blood vessels from the existing vasculature, is a process that is fundamental to normal tissue growth, wound repair and disease. The control of angiogenesis is of utmost importance for tissue regenerative therapies as well as cancer treatment, however this remains a challenge. The extracellular matrix (ECM) is a one of the key controlling factors of angiogenesis. The mechanisms through which the ECM exerts its influence are poorly understood. MAtrix will create",{"id":187,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":188,"piName":14,"institution":189,"country":159,"year":13,"amount":86,"abstract":190},"cordis-european-research-council-award-307687","Nanodevices for Quantum Optics","KUNGLIGA TEKNISKA HOEGSKOLAN","We propose developing a nanodevice toolbox for single photon quantum optics. A scalable scheme to generate indistinguishable single photons, an interface to couple single photon polarization to a single electron spin and high efficiency single photon detectors represent the core of the scientific problems to be addressed in this project.We set the following research objectives: 1- Understand to what extent quantum dots can be made indistinguishable. 2- Interface coherently single photons to sing",{"id":192,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":193,"piName":14,"institution":96,"country":21,"year":13,"amount":194,"abstract":195},"cordis-european-research-council-award-336331","Exploring brain intracellular space using diffusion-weighted NMR spectroscopy in vivo","€1,499,052","Alterations of the intracellular space, including intracellular protein accumulation, organelle and cytoskeleton dislocation, and modifications in cell shape, are an early hallmark of many neurodegenerative processes. The ability to assess and quantify these alterations non-invasively would be of tremendous interest, not only in a clinical context, but also for preclinical research. However, no tool currently exists allowing such measurements.Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance spectroscopy (D",{"id":197,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":198,"piName":14,"institution":199,"country":73,"year":13,"amount":14,"abstract":200},"cordis-european-research-council-award-313749","Neural control of human freeze-fight-flight","STICHTING RADBOUD UNIVERSITEIT","This study investigates the mechanistic bases of human freeze-fight-flight reactions.The ability to control our social behavior is essential for almost every social interaction. It frequently fails in challenging situations when people fall back on basic defensive „freeze-fight-flight‟ (FFF) reactions. It chronically fails in social motivational disorders, with social anxiety as one extreme, and aggression as another. Such disorders are notoriously resistant to therapy. Accordingly, it is essent",{"id":202,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":203,"piName":14,"institution":204,"country":35,"year":13,"amount":14,"abstract":205},"cordis-european-research-council-award-336012","Emergence of Topological Phases from Electronic Interactions","JULIUS-MAXIMILIANS-UNIVERSITAT WURZBURG","Topological properties of a quantum state of matter describe global signatures which are invariant under weak local perturbations of the system. Such scenarios constitute a major branch of contemporary condensed matter physics and exhibit remarkable phenomena such as quantized edge channels of a bulk-incompressible phase as well as fractionalized quantum numbers and statistics of quasiparticles. In the TOPOLECTRICS ERC starting grant research plan, we investigate topological quantum phases which",{"id":207,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":208,"piName":14,"institution":199,"country":73,"year":13,"amount":209,"abstract":210},"cordis-european-research-council-award-310372","The interaction landscape between microbial colonization and functional genome of the host: a systems biology approach in fungal infections","€1,492,835","Fungi such as Candida albicans are ubiquitous colonizers of human skin and mucosa. Fungal pathogens invade the host when host defence is diminished, and the combination of fungal and bacterial colonization modulates mucosal and systemic immune responses. Little is known of the complex interaction between fungal and bacterial colonization, as well as between these two and the host genome and immunity. The Hypothesis of this proposal is that immunity to C. albicans is determined by the interaction",{"id":212,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":213,"piName":14,"institution":199,"country":73,"year":13,"amount":86,"abstract":214},"cordis-european-research-council-award-335646","Molecular Billiards in Slow Motion","It is a long held dream of chemical physicists to study (and ultimately control!) the interactions between individual molecules in completely specified collisions. This project brings this goal within reach. I will develop a novel crossed molecular beam scattering apparatus in which precise control over the molecules prior to the collision is obtained, and in which the scattering products are detected with the highest possible resolution. The velocity and quantum state of molecules is brought fu",{"id":216,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":217,"piName":14,"institution":218,"country":28,"year":13,"amount":219,"abstract":220},"cordis-european-research-council-award-336453","Picometer scale insight and manipulation of novel materials","UNIVERSITAT WIEN","€1,468,279","The recent years have witnessed an explosive growth in the numbers of new materials with fascinating properties and high application potential. Two-dimensional materials are at the focus of interest, in particular graphene but also two-dimensional niobium diselenide, molybdenum disulfide, hexagonal boron nitride, mono-layer bismuth strontium calcium copper oxide, and a variety of other layered materials. This proposal builds on my recognized expertise and experience in the areas of atomically re",{"id":222,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":223,"piName":14,"institution":96,"country":21,"year":13,"amount":224,"abstract":225},"cordis-european-research-council-award-306483","From the magnetized diffuse interstellar medium to the stars","€1,312,267","Understanding star formation remains one of the greatest challenges of modern astronomy. Indeed in this field the progresses have been limited due, first, to the huge dynamics of spatial and temporal relevant scales and, second, the great variety and non-linearity of the physical processes involved in the formation of stars. The present proposal will contribute to provide a complete and coherent picture of the star formation process by self-consistently following the evolution of the interstella",{"id":227,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":228,"piName":14,"institution":174,"country":73,"year":13,"amount":229,"abstract":230},"cordis-european-research-council-award-335746","Crystal Engineering of Metal Organic Frameworks for application in Mixed Matrix Membranes","€1,467,510","With this proposal, I seek to develop the gas separating membranes of the future. The overall aim is to produce composite membranes comprising engineered Metal Organic Framework (MOF) particles and polymers in the form of Mixed Matrix Membranes (MMMs). By applying these new membranes, energetically more efficient separations will be possible.Despite the superior performance of membranes only based on crystalline materials like zeolites or MOFs, polymeric membranes rule the commercial scene thank",{"id":232,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":233,"piName":14,"institution":131,"country":80,"year":13,"amount":14,"abstract":234},"cordis-european-research-council-award-335380","Capillary suspensions: a novel route for versatile, cost efficient and environmentally friendly material design","A wide variety of materials including coatings and adhesives, emerging materials for nanotechnology products, as well as everyday food products are processed or delivered as suspensions. The flow properties of such suspensions must be finely adjusted according to the demands of the respective processing techniques, even for the feel of cosmetics and the perception of food products is highly influenced by their rheological properties. The recently developed capillary suspensions concept has the p",{"id":236,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":237,"piName":14,"institution":85,"country":47,"year":13,"amount":238,"abstract":239},"cordis-european-research-council-award-335182","Exact Results in Quantum Field Theory","€1,158,692","Quantum field theory (QFT) is a unified conceptual and mathematical framework that encompasses a veritable cornucopia of physical phenomena, including phase transitions, condensed matter systems, elementary particle physics, and (via the holographic principle) quantum gravity. QFT has become the standard language of modern theoretical physics.Despite the fact that QFT is omnipresent in physics, we have virtually no tools to analyze from first principles many of the interesting systems that appea",{"id":241,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":242,"piName":14,"institution":85,"country":47,"year":13,"amount":243,"abstract":244},"cordis-european-research-council-award-336080","Synthetic Confined Environments as Tools for Manipulating Chemical Reactivities and Preparing New Nanostructures","€1,499,992","Nature has long inspired chemists with its abilities to stabilize ephemeral chemical species, to perform chemical reactions with unprecedented rates and selectivities, and to synthesize complex molecules and fascinating inorganic nanostructures. What natural systems consistently exploit - which is yet fundamentally different from how chemists perform reactions - is their aspect of nanoscale confinement. The goal of the proposed research program is to integrate the worlds of organic and inorganic",{"id":246,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":247,"piName":14,"institution":72,"country":73,"year":13,"amount":248,"abstract":249},"cordis-european-research-council-award-335915","Slip and Earthquake Nucleation in Experimental and Numerical Simulations: a Multi-scale, Integrated and Coupled Approach","€1,499,600","Earthquakes represent one of the deadliest and costliest natural disasters affecting our planet – and one of the hardest to predict. To improve seismic hazard evaluation in earthquake-prone regions, an understanding of earthquake nucleation and of the underlying microphysical and chemical processes is crucial. A better understanding of the processes that control earthquake nucleation is also of rapidly growing importance for mitigation of induced seismicity, caused by activities such as gas and ",{"id":251,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":252,"piName":14,"institution":85,"country":47,"year":13,"amount":253,"abstract":254},"cordis-european-research-council-award-336468","Multidimensional Spectroscopy at the Attosecond frontier","€1,349,833","The invention of multidimensional spectroscopy was a major leap in nuclear magnetic resonance. Comparable schemes in the optical regime have led to significant advances in our understanding of ultrafast dynamics in complex molecular systems. Currently, these multidimensional approaches are the most powerful and complete measurement schemes for resolving molecular dynamics on femtosecond time scales. The goal of this project is to advance the basic ideas and concepts of multi-dimensional spectros",{"id":256,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":257,"piName":14,"institution":174,"country":73,"year":13,"amount":14,"abstract":258},"cordis-european-research-council-award-337820","Engineering DNA transfer into Cells by Precision in Electroporation","The proposal aims to understand and control the transport of DNA in electroporation process at the molecular\u002Fsubcellular level such that more efficient and safer non-viral gene delivery can be achieved. The introduction of naked DNA into living cell via non-viral routes is the safest approach in gene therapy. Electroporation is the electrical disruption of biological membranes to introduce naked DNA into the cell. Due to our lack of information about fundamentals of electropores formation and DN",{"id":260,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":261,"piName":14,"institution":174,"country":73,"year":13,"amount":262,"abstract":263},"cordis-european-research-council-award-307161","Hunting for high performance energy storage in batteries","€1,497,838","One of the great challenges of this century is unquestionably energy storage. Storage is essential to make more efficient use of renewable energy sources and to enable electrical mobility. Recent developments have raised both hopes and fundamental challenges in the next generation Li batteries (including Li-ion and Li-air\u002FLi-sulphur). Despite large research efforts, the improvement of battery performance over the last decades has been relatively small because the full potential of the storage ma",{"id":265,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":266,"piName":14,"institution":267,"country":35,"year":13,"amount":268,"abstract":269},"cordis-european-research-council-award-307494","Physicochemical principles of efficient information processing in biological cells","FREIE UNIVERSITAET BERLIN","€1,397,328","Biological cellular function relies on the coordination of many information processing steps in which specific biomolecular complexes are formed. But how can proteins and ligands find their targets in extremely crowded cellular membranes or cytosol? Here, I propose that intracellular signal processing depends upon the spatiotemporal order of molecules arising from “dynamical sorting”, i.e. no stable structure may exist at any time and yet the molecules might be ordered at all times. I propose to",{"id":271,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":272,"piName":14,"institution":158,"country":159,"year":13,"amount":273,"abstract":274},"cordis-european-research-council-award-309831","In vivo pathogen proteome profiling using selected reaction monitoring","€1,498,699","Bacterial infections represent a major and global health problem, which is further aggravated by the rapid and ongoing increase in antibiotic resistance. The limited success in the development of targeted therapies for particular invasive strains can be attributed to our limited knowledge how pathogens modulate their proteome homeostasis in vivo, knowledge that has so far remained elusive due to technical limitations.Here I propose the use of proteome-wide selected reaction monitoring mass spect",{"id":276,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":277,"piName":14,"institution":102,"country":54,"year":13,"amount":278,"abstract":279},"cordis-european-research-council-award-335684","Enhanced Modeling and Optimization of Batteries Incorporating Lithium-ion Elements","€1,492,800","Developing rechargeable batteries with larger storage capacity, higher output power, faster charge\u002Fdischarge time, and longer calendar lifetime could significantly impact the economical and environmental future of the European Union. New generations of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) based on nanostructured electrodes are perfect candidates to supply all-electrical vehicles and favor the usage of renewable energies instead of fossil fuels. Hence, the global LIB revenue is expected to expand from $1",{"id":281,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":282,"piName":14,"institution":283,"country":21,"year":13,"amount":14,"abstract":284},"cordis-european-research-council-award-306731","Frequency-to-current conversion with coherent Josephson crystals","UGA-Université Grenoble Alpes","This project aims at exploring the coherence of Josephson crystals (JC) and to apply this coherence for frequency-to-current conversion. A Josephson crystal can be realized by a Josephson junction chain, formed by repeating a single junction or SQUID in space to form a one-dimensional ladder structure. Such a crystal can show a macroscopic coherent behavior due to the coherent superposition of quantum phase-slips (CQPS), ie the winding of 2 of the superconducting phase-difference occurring on s",{"id":286,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":287,"piName":14,"institution":126,"country":120,"year":13,"amount":288,"abstract":289},"cordis-european-research-council-award-336189","Harnessing Cavitation for Therapy","€1,453,180","Focused Ultrasound Surgery (FUS) is rapidly emerging as a technique setting the gold-standard for the treatment of a wide range of diseases, including cancer. Current practise relies on the conversion of acoustic energy to thermal, for localised and minimally-invasive ablation with non-ionising radiation. Cavitation (the formation, and subsequent pressure driven dynamics, of bubbles) is a common occurrence at the high intensities typically employed for FUS. The extremely rapid, often violent evo",{"id":291,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":292,"piName":14,"institution":293,"country":54,"year":13,"amount":294,"abstract":295},"cordis-european-research-council-award-337785","Demographic and Phenotypic Signals of Population Responses to Environmental Change","UNIVERSITAT ZURICH","€1,499,136","A major goal in biodiversity conservation is to predict responses of biological populations to environmental change. To achieve this, we must identify early warning signals of the demographic changes that underlie population declines. Some studies have achieved phenomenological prediction of sudden changes, but recent advances that link trait-based information with demography hint that a mechanistic understanding is within reach. I propose to develop a predictive framework by identifying the dem",{"id":297,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":298,"piName":14,"institution":299,"country":35,"year":13,"amount":300,"abstract":301},"cordis-european-research-council-award-311552","Reverse engineering the vertebrate molecular machinery for magnetic biomineralisation","KLINIKUM RECHTS DER ISAR DER TECHNISCHEN UNIVERSITAT MUNCHEN","€1,469,100","In order to understand distributed biological networks and invent effective molecular therapies, we need to be able to image and control molecular processes across entire live organisms.Although an arsenal of genetically encoded fluorescent sensors and light-activated proteins has recently been developed to visualize and manipulate cellular activity, these methods all suffer from the poor penetration of light through biological tissue, which makes them rather invasive for practical in vivo use i",{"id":303,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":304,"piName":14,"institution":102,"country":54,"year":13,"amount":305,"abstract":306},"cordis-european-research-council-award-313553","Social challenges of trans-Mediterranean renewable power cooperation","€1,470,698","Developed countries must completely decarbonize their power systems by mid-century if the world is to avoid dangerous climate change, and developing countries will have to follow soon thereafter. This will almost certainly include heavy reliance on renewable energy sources, and could include complete reliance. In the context of such a transition, both sound technical and economic analysis and current events suggest that some degree of cooperation and power system integration between Europe and t",{"id":308,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":309,"piName":14,"institution":85,"country":47,"year":13,"amount":310,"abstract":311},"cordis-european-research-council-award-310098","The mechanisms that underlie the development of a tendon-bone attachment unit","€1,499,999","We walk, run and jump using the complex and ingenious musculoskeletal system. It is therefore puzzling that although each of its components has been extensively studied, research of the musculoskeleton as an integrated system and, in particular, of its assembly has been scarce. In recent years, studies conducted in my lab have demonstrated the centrality of cross regulation between musculoskeletal tissues in skeletogenesis. These works have provided me with the inspiration for a revolutionary hy",{"id":313,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":314,"piName":14,"institution":315,"country":120,"year":13,"amount":316,"abstract":317},"cordis-european-research-council-award-306610","Motivic zeta functions and the monodromy conjecture","IMPERIAL COLLEGE OF SCIENCE TECHNOLOGY AND MEDICINE","€1,044,980","The monodromy conjecture, formulated in the seventies by the Japanese mathematician Igusa, is one of the most important open problems in the theory of singularities. It predicts a remarkable connection between certain geometric and arithmetic invariants of a polynomial f with integer coefficients. The conjecture describes in a precise way how the singularities of the complex hypersurface defined by the equation f = 0 influence the asymptotic behaviour of the number of solutions of the congruence",{"id":319,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":320,"piName":14,"institution":321,"country":12,"year":13,"amount":322,"abstract":323},"cordis-european-research-council-award-307108","Folding with Halogen Bonding","POLITECNICO DI MILANO","€1,393,000","The focus of this research project will be on halogen bonding, namely any noncovalent interactions involving halogen atoms as electrophilic species (electron density acceptor sites, Lewis acids, halogen bonding-donors). In particular, the overall goal of the project will be to fully elucidate the capabilities and properties of halogen atoms as recognition “sticky” sites in the context of biomolecules.The general objective of this research project will be achieved through the application of a mul",{"id":325,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":326,"piName":14,"institution":85,"country":47,"year":13,"amount":327,"abstract":328},"cordis-european-research-council-award-335439","Computational design of novel protein function in antibodies","€1,499,930","We propose to elucidate the structural design principles of naturally occurring antibody complementarity-determining regions (CDRs) and to computationally design novel antibody functions. Antibodies represent the most versatile known system for molecular recognition. Research has yielded many insights into antibody design principles and promising biotechnological and pharmaceutical applications. Still, our understanding of how CDRs encode specific loop conformations lags far behind our understan",{"id":330,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":331,"piName":14,"institution":85,"country":47,"year":13,"amount":332,"abstract":333},"cordis-european-research-council-award-311238","Learning to read the code of large neural populations","€1,438,996","Information is represented and transmitted in the brain by the joint activity of large groups of neurons. Understanding how information is “written” in these population patterns, and how it is read and processed, is a fundamental question in neuroscience. Yet, because of the huge number of potential activity patterns and complexity of natural stimuli, most of our understanding of the code relies on single neuron studies. We will extend and apply mathematical tools from information theory, machin",{"id":335,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":336,"piName":14,"institution":337,"country":21,"year":13,"amount":86,"abstract":338},"cordis-european-research-council-award-311358","Mechanisms that prevent aneuploidy","CENTRE NATIONAL DE LA RECHERCHE SCIENTIFIQUE CNRS","The mechanisms that safeguard cells against aneuploidy are of great interest as aneuploidy contributes to tumorigenesis. To gain insight into these mechanisms, I studied the behavior of cells entering mitosis with damaged chromosomes. I used the endonuclease I-CreI to generate acentric chromosomes in Drosophila larvae. While I-CreI expression produces acentric chromosomes in the majority of dividing cells, remarkably, it has no effect on adult survival. Live studies reveal that acentric chromati",{"id":340,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":341,"piName":14,"institution":131,"country":80,"year":13,"amount":342,"abstract":343},"cordis-european-research-council-award-309767","Counteracting psychosis by optimizing interaction","€1,498,896","Psychotic disorders are amongst the most severe mental disorders. However, current treatments have failed to reduce disability or change the prospects for recovery for patients with a psychotic disorder. In this project, I will investigate an entirely novel therapy, targeting the core vulnerability profile of altered person-environment interactions underlying psychosis, specifically increased stress-reactivity and reduced motivated and goal-directed behaviour. My colleagues and I have developed ",{"id":345,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":346,"piName":14,"institution":85,"country":47,"year":13,"amount":347,"abstract":348},"cordis-european-research-council-award-337183","Assessing the Effects of Rising O2 on Biogeochemical Cycles: Integrated Laboratory Experiments and Numerical Simulations","€1,472,690","The rise of atmospheric O2 ~2,500 million years ago is one of the most profound transitions in Earth's history. Yet, despite its central role in shaping Earth's surface environment, the cause for the rise of O2 remains poorly understood. Tight coupling between the O2 cycle and the biogeochemical cycles of redox-active elements, such as C, Fe and S, implies radical changes in these cycles before, during and after the rise of O2. These changes, too, are incompletely understood, but have left valua",{"id":350,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":351,"piName":14,"institution":352,"country":35,"year":13,"amount":353,"abstract":354},"cordis-european-research-council-award-309952","Regulation of Chromatin by Combinatorial DNA and Histone Modifications","HELMHOLTZ ZENTRUM MUENCHEN DEUTSCHES FORSCHUNGSZENTRUM FUER GESUNDHEIT UND UMWELT GMBH","€1,629,630","The normal expression of genes is tightly regulated. Modifications on histones or on DNA play a central role in the control of gene expression and errors in their regulation often result in diseases such as cancer. These modifications can recruit proteins that regulate chromatin function. Since chromatin is a large macromolecular assembly, modifications most likely act in a concerted manner. However, it is still unclear how the information encoded in combinatorial modification patterns on the DN",{"id":356,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":357,"piName":14,"institution":267,"country":35,"year":13,"amount":358,"abstract":359},"cordis-european-research-council-award-307498","Taming non-equilibrium quantum systems","€1,234,020","Complex quantum systems out of equilibrium are not only at the basis of some of the most intriguing puzzles in physics, they also allow for new applications in quantum technologies. Equipped with a portfolio of innovative methods, this proposal makes a concerted and focused effort to tackle some of the difficult questions on strongly correlated systems out of equilibrium. At the same time it suggests new modes of quantum technologies by intrinsically exploiting notions of openness and non-equili",{"id":361,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":362,"piName":14,"institution":85,"country":47,"year":13,"amount":363,"abstract":364},"cordis-european-research-council-award-338265","Tracking Glycosylations with Targeted, Molecule-Sized “Noses”","€1,398,429","Glycobiology is poised to be the next revolution in biology and medicine; however, technical difficulties in detecting and characterizing glycans prevent many biologists from entering this field, thus hampering new discoveries and innovations. Herein, we propose developing a conceptually novel technology that will allow straightforward identification of specific glycosylation patterns in biofluids and in live cells. Distinct glycosylation states will be differentiated by developing “artificial n",{"id":366,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":367,"piName":14,"institution":179,"country":159,"year":13,"amount":368,"abstract":369},"cordis-european-research-council-award-311024","The Past, Present and Future of Neotropical Biodiversity","€1,499,855","The American tropics – the Neotropics – comprise more species than any other region on Earth, including thousands of species used as crops, medicines and crafts. Understanding the evolution of this biodiversity and predicting the effects of climate and habitat changes on species losses constitute a major scientific challenge.This project will:1) Estimate the rates of historical migration, speciation and extinction among and within all major Neotropical biomes and regions, thereby identifying key",{"id":371,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":372,"piName":14,"institution":373,"country":147,"year":13,"amount":374,"abstract":375},"cordis-european-research-council-award-310985","Nano-Sensitizer Cancer Cell Targeted Radiotherapy","DANMARKS TEKNISKE UNIVERSITET","€1,498,731","Targeted chemotherapy in combination with external beam radiation therapy (radiotherapy) is a promising approach to significantly improve the therapeutic outcome for cancer patients. To achieve this, it is essential to develop drug delivery technology that specifically delivers the chemotherapeutic drugs to cancerous tissue. Radiotherapy is an indispensable part of modern cancer treatment; however, despite efforts in improving planning and execution of treatment, the unbalance between therapeuti",{"id":377,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":378,"piName":14,"institution":131,"country":80,"year":13,"amount":379,"abstract":380},"cordis-european-research-council-award-312290","Implications of the Shifting Gender Balance in Education for Reproductive Behaviour in Europe","€1,489,000","This project is the first comprehensive study of the demographic consequences of a major recent development in Europe: while men have always received more education than women in the past, this gender balance in education has now turned around. For the first time in history, there are more highly educated women than men reaching the reproductive ages and looking for a partner. I expect that this will have profound consequences for the demography of reproduction because mating practices have alwa",{"id":382,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":383,"piName":14,"institution":126,"country":120,"year":13,"amount":14,"abstract":384},"cordis-european-research-council-award-309255","Endosomal dependent transport to the unique secretory organelles of apicomplexan parasites","Apicomplexan parasites invade the host cell in an active process that involves gliding motility, formation and movement through the moving junction (MJ) and establishment of a prasitophorous vacuole (PV) around the parasite. In order to invade the host cell they employ an arsenal of virulence factors derived from the specialised secretory organelles; the micronemes, rhoptries and dense granules that are sequentially secreted during the invasion process.While the content of the secretory organell",{"id":386,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":387,"piName":14,"institution":85,"country":47,"year":13,"amount":388,"abstract":389},"cordis-european-research-council-award-335605","Lipoproteins and angiogenesis: A new look at an old problem","€1,399,970","Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading cause of death throughout the world. Elevated Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL) is a well-known cardiovascular risk factor and endothelial (ECs)-lipoprotein (LIPs) interactions underlie the initiation and progression of atherogenesis, thrombosis and other CVDs.The endothelium is a monolayer of cells that segregates the vascular contents from adjacent tissues. In spite of being continually exposed to LIPs, ECs were long thought of as inert barriers, thro",{"id":391,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":392,"piName":14,"institution":102,"country":54,"year":13,"amount":393,"abstract":394},"cordis-european-research-council-award-336938","From micro-scale interaction networks to ecosystem-level processes in microbial communities","€1,940,085","What makes understanding the ecology and evolution of microbes such a unique challenge is the fact that, while the life of microbes unfold at scales of a few micrometers, their impact on ecosystems can be perceived at the scale of meters or kilometers. Our inability to map ecosystem-level processes to the micro-scale interactions that take place in microbial communities is one of the main obstacles hindering the development of mechanistic models that allow us to interpret microbial diversity and",{"id":396,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":397,"piName":14,"institution":199,"country":73,"year":13,"amount":86,"abstract":398},"cordis-european-research-council-award-336479","Membrane partitioning of homologous proteins","My goal is to elucidate how structurally closely-related proteins are selectively partitioned in distinct membrane domains that allow localization, clustering and segregation of specific cellular activities. Although many of the mechanisms that govern membrane organization are increasingly well understood, such as lipid ‘rafts’ or protein-anchoring to the cortical cytoskeleton, these mechanisms are not sufficiently specific to account for the partitioning of closely homologous proteins in separa",{"id":400,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":401,"piName":14,"institution":199,"country":73,"year":13,"amount":402,"abstract":403},"cordis-european-research-council-award-338421","Unraveling the Language of Perspective","€1,044,798","We always take in a certain perspective when we speak. Languages have a wide variety of linguistic means to express perspective. While perspectival elements are most of the time used from the perspective of the speaker, they can also be used from the perspective of someone else, a possibility that is fully exploited in narratives. The central aim of this project is to deepen our understanding of perspective shifts. It will not only elucidate the semantic and pragmatic mechanisms underlying inter",{"id":405,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":406,"piName":14,"institution":199,"country":73,"year":13,"amount":407,"abstract":408},"cordis-european-research-council-award-313454","Trust & Reciprocity: neural and psychological models of social cooperation","€1,451,927","Novel interdisciplinary approaches offer an exciting avenue to study interactive decision-making by combining the methods of behavioral experiments, functional neuroimaging, and formal economic models. This project employs this approach to explore decision-making related to trust, reciprocity, cooperation and fairness in social interactive scenarios. These processes are vital for the successful functioning of society, but there have been relatively few studies of the mechanisms involved. This pr",{"id":410,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":411,"piName":14,"institution":199,"country":73,"year":13,"amount":412,"abstract":413},"cordis-european-research-council-award-310644","Closing in on missing heritability and immune dysregulation in macular degeneration","€1,498,150","Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the most common cause of irreversible blindness in the Western world. AMD has a strong genetic component, and it has been estimated that 50% of the heritability of AMD is explained by common variants in the complement system. Currently the first genetic tests based on a small number of common variants are being marketed, and new treatment modalities are being developed targeted to inhibit complement activation in AMD. However, genetic tests are not likel",{"id":415,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":416,"piName":14,"institution":96,"country":21,"year":13,"amount":417,"abstract":418},"cordis-european-research-council-award-309674","Exploring the human brain using magnetic resonance imaging and parallel transmission at ultra-high field","€1,499,292","Full exploitation of ultra high field magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) requires innovative methods to control the homogeneity and the safety of the high frequency radiofrequency (RF) waves used to acquire images. This can be achieved by using parallel transmission of the RF waves to boost the number of degrees of freedom, but its complexity has thus far deterred its wide use. The aim of EXPAT is to apply sophisticated quantum information processing (QIP) techniques to manipulate the nuclear spin",{"id":420,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":421,"piName":14,"institution":96,"country":21,"year":13,"amount":422,"abstract":423},"cordis-european-research-council-award-311318","Functional protein dynamics studied  by solution- and solid-state NMR spectroscopy","€1,490,557","Proteins are highly flexible objects that perform their functions by sampling a wide range of conformations. The characterization of such motions is, therefore, crucial to establish the link between protein structure and function. In this project we will use advanced nuclear magnetic resonance in solution state and solid state to characterize functionally important motions in two challenging classes of proteins.The first target of these studies will be a large molecular chaperone of close to 1MD",{"id":425,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":426,"piName":14,"institution":199,"country":73,"year":13,"amount":427,"abstract":428},"cordis-european-research-council-award-309384","Regulation of gene expression and cell fate by DNA (hydroxy)methylation","€1,499,776","(Hydroxy)methylation of cytosine residues in eukaryotic DNA represents a major means to regulate gene expression during development. These modifications are considered to be epigenetic marks, since they have a profound impact on phenotype, but are inherited from mother to daughter cells independent of the underlying DNA sequence. Large efforts are currently underway to profile genome-wide DNA (hydroxy)methylation patterns in model organisms and in clinical studies, since aberrant DNA (hydroxy)me",{"id":430,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":431,"piName":14,"institution":337,"country":21,"year":13,"amount":14,"abstract":432},"cordis-european-research-council-award-306772","Surface Plasmon-Based Wifi for Nanoscale Optical Information Transport - SWIFT","This proposal focuses on the design, fabrication, characterization and optimization of novel groundbreaking communication nano-devices. SWIFT proposes resolutely innovative concepts adopting metal-based optical nano-antennas as a disruptive technological vehicle. Nanoscale electronics and photonics exploit novel fascinating physical phenomena and are among the most promising research areas for providing functional nano-components for data transfer and processing. The aim of this proposal is to i",{"id":434,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":435,"piName":14,"institution":337,"country":21,"year":13,"amount":436,"abstract":437},"cordis-european-research-council-award-313360","Epistemic protocol synthesis","€951,400","Given my current state of knowledge, and a desirable state of knowledge, how do I get from one to the other? It is possible in principle to reach the desirable state of knowledge, i.e., does it make sense at all to start trying to obtain the desirable state? If I know it is impossible to obtain, there is no use trying. But even if I know that it is possible in principle, is there a way to approach the desirable state in steps or phases, i.e., can I iteratively construct an epistemic protocol to ",{"id":439,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":440,"piName":14,"institution":337,"country":21,"year":13,"amount":441,"abstract":442},"cordis-european-research-council-award-306719","Optically controlled carrier and Nuclear spintronics: towards nano-scale memory and imaging applications","€1,495,482","Carrier spin states in semiconductor nano-structures can be manipulated with fast optical pulses via the optical selection rules. The electron and hole spins in quantum dots interact strongly with the nuclear spins in the host material via the hyperfine interaction. This allows a new, versatile approach to nuclear spintronics, namely applying fast optical initialisation to carrier states and subsequent transfer via dynamic nuclear polarisation (DNP) of the spin information onto long-lived nuclea",{"id":444,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":445,"piName":14,"institution":337,"country":21,"year":13,"amount":86,"abstract":446},"cordis-european-research-council-award-313847","Globalization, regionalization, urbanization: an analysis of the worldwide maritime network since the early 18th century","The main goal of the World Seastems project is to map for the first time the changing spatial pattern of the world economy from a maritime perspective across 300 years. It will exploit untapped vessel movement data  available since 1734, date of the first Lloyd's List register. There are three main goals of the project. First, it aims at mapping for the first time the spatial distribution of almost 300 years of maritime flows in a dynamic and interactive manner. A geomatics visualisation platfor",{"id":448,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":449,"piName":14,"institution":337,"country":21,"year":13,"amount":450,"abstract":451},"cordis-european-research-council-award-306045","Quantitative picture of interactions between climate, hydrological cycle and stratospheric inputs in Antarctica over the last 100 years via the combined use of all water isotopes","€1,869,950","Climate change and associated water cycle modifications have a strong impact on polar ice sheets through their influence on the global sea-level. The most promising tool for reconstructing temperature and water cycle evolution in Antarctica is to use water isotopic records in ice cores. Still, interpreting these records is nowadays limited by known biases linked to a too simple description of isotopic fractionations and cloud microphysics. Another key issue in this region is the stratosphere-tro",{"id":453,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":454,"piName":14,"institution":337,"country":21,"year":13,"amount":86,"abstract":455},"cordis-european-research-council-award-306475","Probing the angular dynamics of biological systems with the optical torque wrench","The ability to apply forces to single molecules and bio-polymers has fundamentally changed the way we can interact with and understand biological systems. Yet, for many cellular mechanisms, it is rather the torque that is the relevant physical parameter. Excitingly, novel single-molecule techniques that utilize this parameter are now poised to contribute to novel discoveries.  Here, I will study the angular dynamical behavior and response to external torque of biological systems at the molecular",{"id":457,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":458,"piName":14,"institution":459,"country":120,"year":13,"amount":460,"abstract":461},"cordis-european-research-council-award-307209","Enabling cosmology with radio astronomy surveys: dealing with foreground contamination","THE UNIVERSITY OF MANCHESTER","€1,493,227","The most important tool for studying the Universe on the largest scales has been the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) radiation. CMB polarization provides a new window on the early Universe and will provide constraints on inflation via gravitational waves. However, the success of future CMB experiments lies in the improved understanding and removal of foreground emission from our own Galaxy. The first part of the project lies in developing our understanding of diffuse Galactic radiation through",{"id":463,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":464,"piName":14,"institution":337,"country":21,"year":13,"amount":465,"abstract":466},"cordis-european-research-council-award-309704","Host-intestinal bacteria mutualism: Learning on the fly\"","€1,499,435","Metazoans establish reciprocal interactions with the bacterial communities that colonize their mucosal surfaces. These interactions contribute to many aspects of host physiology including the promotion of digestive efficiency and proper immune system development and homeostasis. In return, the microbiota derives benefit from the association with its host by inhabiting a nutrient rich environment. When deregulated this relationship results in pathological outcomes such as episodic infectious dise",{"id":468,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":469,"piName":14,"institution":337,"country":21,"year":13,"amount":14,"abstract":470},"cordis-european-research-council-award-310849","Architecture and logic of the eukaryotic cell cycle","Our knowledge of the functioning of eukaryotic cells has emerged from thorough investigation of the molecular mechanisms driving cellular events. However, the complexity of the underlying regulatory networks has made it difficult to understand the core control of essential functions. In the same way that model organisms were chosen for their ease of manipulation or simplicity, model pathways need to be developed to decipher the design principles of regulatory circuits. Using fission yeast, I dem",{"id":472,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":473,"piName":14,"institution":474,"country":475,"year":13,"amount":476,"abstract":477},"cordis-european-research-council-award-307663","Noncommutative geometry and quantum groups","UNIVERSITETET I OSLO","NO","€1,144,930","The goal of the project is to make fundamental contributions to the study of quantum groups in the operator algebraic setting. Two main directions it aims to explore are noncommutative differential geometry and boundary theory of quantum random walks.The idea behind noncommutative geometry is to bring geometric insight to the study of noncommutative algebras and to analyze spaces which are beyond the reach via classical means. It has been particularly successful in the latter, for example, in th",{"id":479,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":480,"piName":14,"institution":481,"country":482,"year":13,"amount":483,"abstract":484},"cordis-european-research-council-award-310892","Multistage-Multifunctional Porous Silicon Nanovectors for Directed Theranostics","HELSINGIN YLIOPISTO","FI","€1,499,603","The progress of nanotechnology during the last decades has had a strong impact to the current research of biomedical applications, in particular against dreadful diseases such as cancer. It is estimated that more than 12 million cases of cancer are diagnosed every year worldwide. Multidrug resistance, rapid elimination by the immune system, enzymatic degradation, and poor targeting efficiency are still the major obstacles of the nanomedicines used in cancer therapy. The integration of imaging an",{"id":486,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":487,"piName":14,"institution":488,"country":12,"year":13,"amount":86,"abstract":489},"cordis-european-research-council-award-310496","Unravelling paradoxes in regulatory T cell biology: the molecular basis for an mTOR-dependent oscillatory metabolic switch controlling immune tolerance and autoimmunity","CONSIGLIO NAZIONALE DELLE RICERCHE","Our group has been investigating how the nutrient\u002Fenergy-sensing mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR)-pathway affects the responsiveness of CD4+CD25+FoxP3+ regulatory T cells (Tregs). We have shown that Tregs have a high metabolic profile associated with the hyperactivation of the mTOR-pathway, which is responsible for the in vitro anergy of these cells. A transient mTOR inhibition with rapamycin, before T-cell-receptor (TCR)-stimulation, induced Tregs proliferation in the absence of exogenous i",{"id":491,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":492,"piName":14,"institution":337,"country":21,"year":13,"amount":86,"abstract":493},"cordis-european-research-council-award-307149","Quantum coherence and manipulation of a single flying electron spin","In quantum nanoelectronics, one of the paradigms is to use quantum mechanics in order to build more efficient nanoprocessors. In this context, the electron spin has been identified as a good degree of freedom to store and to manipulate quantum information efficiently. The defined building block of this quantum computer strategy is called a spin qubit. Towards this goal, intense experimental efforts have been invested in AlGaAs heterostructures where quantum dots with only one electron can be rea",{"id":495,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":496,"piName":14,"institution":337,"country":21,"year":13,"amount":497,"abstract":498},"cordis-european-research-council-award-306708","Innovative Femtosecond laser-plasma based electron source for studying ultrafast structural dynamics","€1,491,350","How do atoms move in a solid? How long does it take for a phase transition to occur or for a molecule to change its configuration? These are some of the fundamental questions that the field of ultrafast science asks and attempts to answer. Understanding these ultrafast processes in complex matter at the atomic scale requires advanced sources of radiation: X-rays or electrons with sub-angstrom wavelength and femtosecond duration.In the past decade, such sources have become available, allowing sci",{"id":500,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":501,"piName":14,"institution":502,"country":12,"year":13,"amount":14,"abstract":503},"cordis-european-research-council-award-313532","Socioeconomic Status and Health: Disentangling causal pathways in a life course perspective","EUROPEAN UNIVERSITY INSTITUTE","People with lower income or lower educational level have worse health and higher mortality. This project addresses the two basic underlying questions for this finding: How does your socioeconomic status determine your health? And how does your health determine your socioeconomic status? The project aims at studying life courses of persons aged 50+ at the time of the interview who were surveyed prospectively, and also retrospectively for their entire life history starting at childhood. We will us",{"id":505,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":506,"piName":14,"institution":507,"country":508,"year":13,"amount":14,"abstract":509},"cordis-european-research-council-award-307334","Sophisticated Program Analysis, Declaratively","ETHNIKO KAI KAPODISTRIAKO PANEPISTIMIO ATHINON","EL","Static program analysis is a fundamental computing challenge. We have recently demonstrated significant advantages from expressing analyses for Java declaratively, in the Datalog language. This means that the algorithm is in a form that resembles a pure logical specification, rather than a step-by-step definition of the execution. The declarative specification does not merely cover the main logic of the algorithm, but its entire implementation, including the handling of complex semantic features",{"id":511,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":512,"piName":14,"institution":513,"country":80,"year":13,"amount":514,"abstract":515},"cordis-european-research-council-award-308074","Early Life Traces, Evolution, and Implications for Astrobiology","UNIVERSITE DE LIEGE","€1,470,736","Tracking the early traces of life preserved in very old rocks and reconstructing the major steps of its evolution is an exciting and most challenging domain of research. How amazing it is to have a cell that is 1.5 or 3.2 billion years old under a microscope! From these and other disseminated fragments of life preserved along the geological timescale, one can build the puzzle of biosphere evolution and rising biological complexity. The possibility that life may exist beyond Earth on other habita",{"id":517,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":518,"piName":14,"institution":519,"country":21,"year":13,"amount":520,"abstract":521},"cordis-european-research-council-award-311255","Glomerulonephritis and Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis as a Model to Investigate the Link between Inflammation and Kidney Disease: From Basic Mechanisms to Clinical Application","INSTITUT NATIONAL DE LA SANTE ET DE LA RECHERCHE MEDICALE","€1,364,466","Rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis (RPGN) and focal and segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) are severe kidney diseases responsible for irreversible renal failure, which is a major risk factor for mortality. Despite the aggressiveness of immunosuppressive protocols applied, treatments against RPGN have limited effectiveness. Similarly, there is no specific treatment for FSGS. We built this research project on novel identification of molecular pathways and markers of pathogenic glomerular epit",{"id":523,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":524,"piName":14,"institution":513,"country":80,"year":13,"amount":525,"abstract":526},"cordis-european-research-council-award-312283","Evolution of stone tool hafting in the Palaeolithic","€1,192,300","Palaeolithic stone tool hafting has been considered important for decades, both in terms of technological and cognitive evolutions, but it has been hard to design methods that allow detailed insight into the appearance of hafting and its evolution through time. The main reason is that handles were manufactured from organic materials and these are only rarely preserved. The issue thus appears to largely escapes us, but as finds become more and more numerous, promising new techniques have also bee",{"id":528,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":529,"piName":14,"institution":481,"country":482,"year":13,"amount":530,"abstract":531},"cordis-european-research-council-award-311705","Customized Micro Total Analysis Systems to Study Human Phase I Metabolism","€1,499,668","The goal of this project is to develop inexpensive, high-throughput technology to screen the thus far unexplored metabolic interactions between environmental and household chemicals and clinically relevant drugs. The main influential focus will be on human phase I metabolism (redox reactions) of common toxicants like agrochemicals and plasticizers. On the basis of their structural resemblance to pharmaceuticals and endogenous compounds, many of these chemicals are suspected to have critical effe",{"id":533,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":534,"piName":14,"institution":519,"country":21,"year":13,"amount":535,"abstract":536},"cordis-european-research-council-award-311765","Environmentally-induced Developmental Origins of Health and Disease","€1,499,870","The DOHaD (Developmental Origins of Health and Disease) hypothesis states that, because of developmental plasticity, in utero and early postnatal stressors can increase chronic disease risk in childhood and later. Alterations of epigenetic marks, impacting on gene expression, are one mechanism that could explain such long-term impact. These hypotheses have so far been tested mostly in animals, and little for atmospheric pollutants, for which animal evidence is scarce.We aim to characterize the i",{"id":538,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":539,"piName":14,"institution":519,"country":21,"year":13,"amount":540,"abstract":541},"cordis-european-research-council-award-311025","Ultrafast Imaging of the Heart Using Ultrasound: a breakthrough for early diagnosis of cardiac diseases","€1,417,480","Heart failure (HF) affects 14 million people in Europe, and this number is forecast to increase to 30 million by 2020. Early diagnosis of HF is essential for successfully addressing underlying causes. However, initial diagnosis is difficult in many situations so that HF is correctly diagnosed in only half of affected patients. Diastolic HF, for example, that accounts for more than 50% of all HF patients, is due to abnormal ventricular stiffness which remains very difficult to diagnose. The chara",{"id":543,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":544,"piName":14,"institution":519,"country":21,"year":13,"amount":545,"abstract":546},"cordis-european-research-council-award-310973","Physiology of the Intestine: Proteases from the Epithelium","€1,287,000","In several gastrointestinal diseases such as irritable bowel syndrome or inflammatory bowel diseases, proteolytic homeostasis is disrupted.  This disruption has an important impact of the pathophysiology of those diseases. We hypothesized that intestinal epithelial cells are major regulators of this homeostasis by secreting proteases and protease inhibitors, thereby interfering with gut biological functions and enteric neuron biology.We have generated preliminary data demonstrating that stimulat",{"id":548,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":549,"piName":14,"institution":519,"country":21,"year":13,"amount":550,"abstract":551},"cordis-european-research-council-award-310944","Genetic and Phenotypic Modelling of Bacterial Evolution","€1,485,600","The dramatic success of infectious agents comes from their ability to adapt to both immune and pharmaceutical selective pressures. To uncover the dynamics of bacterial adaptation, experimental evolution has been widely used, focusing mostly on organismal fitness. Many of the observation derived from these experiments have been captured by Fisher's Geometric model of Adaptation (FGMA). Despite its success, this top-down phenotypic model is relatively abstract. In fact, its most important paramete",{"id":553,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":554,"piName":14,"institution":119,"country":120,"year":13,"amount":555,"abstract":556},"cordis-european-research-council-award-309449","Definition and characterization of type I interferonopathies","€1,498,906","Although the concept of grouping Mendelian disorders associated with an up-regulation of type I interferon (IFN) has not been previously recognised in the medical literature, my past and current work argues that this concept has scientific validity and clinical utility. I believe that such conditions, which include Aicardi-Goutières syndrome (AGS), spondyloenchondrodysplasia, and some cases of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), can usefully be considered to represent a novel set of inborn error",{"id":558,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":559,"piName":14,"institution":337,"country":21,"year":13,"amount":560,"abstract":561},"cordis-european-research-council-award-307110","A living carbonate factory: how do cyanobacteria make rocks? (Calcification in Cyanobacteria)","€1,659,478","This interdisciplinary proposal stems from our recent discovery of deep-branching cyanobacteria that form intracellular Ca-Mg-Sr-Ba carbonates. So far, calcification by cyanobacteria was considered as exclusively extracellular, hence dependent on external conditions. The existence of intracellularly calcifying cyanobacteria may thus deeply modify our view on the role of cyanobacteria in the formation of modern and past carbonate deposits and the degree of control they achieve on this geochemical",{"id":563,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":564,"piName":14,"institution":481,"country":482,"year":13,"amount":565,"abstract":566},"cordis-european-research-council-award-313100","Reinventing the Foundations of European Legal Culture 1934-1964","€1,476,429","It is often claimed in the rights and culture debate that certain rights are a reflection of a European culture and tradition and thus not universal. What this study demonstrates is that even in Europe the rights tradition is a conscious construction by a group of legal scholars reacting to contemporary events.This study is about a group of innovators who are forced to reinvent themselves and their science abroad after being exiled by Nazi Germany. This reinvention meant that they had to first r",{"id":568,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":569,"piName":14,"institution":519,"country":21,"year":13,"amount":570,"abstract":571},"cordis-european-research-council-award-311610","Roles of mitochondria in healthy and diseased myelin","€1,918,878","Demyelinating peripheral neuropathies form a diverse group of pathologies that include diabetic and aging peripheral neuropathies and inherited Charcot-Marie-Tooth diseases. Mitochondrial dysfunctions have recently emerged as one major cause for these diseases. The goal of this project is to investigate the role of mitochondria in healthy and diseased myelin and to test whether we can change mitochondrial status and functions to prevent or treat these diseases. Our working hypothesis is that gli",{"id":573,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":574,"piName":14,"institution":519,"country":21,"year":13,"amount":86,"abstract":575},"cordis-european-research-council-award-311149","Role of endoplasmic reticulum in neurodegeneration: physiopathology of a form of hereditary spastic paraplegia as a model","Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a dynamic, tubular intracellular network implicated in a variety of cellular functions. Although it is known to play a role in neurodegeneration, its organization and precise function in neurons have been neglected. I will use the physiopathology of certain forms of hereditary spastic paraplegia (HSP) as a model to understand why and how alteration of ER dynamics in neurons can lead to neurodegeneration.I will focus on three genetic entities, SPG11, SPG15 and SPG48,",{"id":577,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":578,"piName":14,"institution":519,"country":21,"year":13,"amount":86,"abstract":579},"cordis-european-research-council-award-310080","The Structure and Assembly of Membrane Proteins in Native Membranes studied by AFM","One of the key characteristics of life is the existence of boundaries that delineate the organism from its environment. The boundary membrane structure that defines all cells is called the plasma membrane. Membranes are constituted of a large variety of lipids and membrane proteins, key molecules for plenty vital cellular functions such as transport, energy transduction, signaling, and communication, to name a few. Despite the importance of membrane processes, little is known about the structure",{"id":581,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":582,"piName":14,"institution":488,"country":12,"year":13,"amount":583,"abstract":584},"cordis-european-research-council-award-307964","Ultrafast Dynamic Imaging of Complex Molecules","€1,483,967","High order harmonics are generated when molecules are ionized by an intense femtosecond laser pulse. The freed electron is accelerated in the external driving electric field and, because of the periodic oscillation of this field, is brought back to the parent ion, where it can recombine and give rise to the emission of an XUV photon. This XUV harmonic radiation has been shown to contain information on the electronic structure of the molecule, which can be interpreted as a picture of the molecula",{"id":586,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":587,"piName":14,"institution":513,"country":80,"year":13,"amount":588,"abstract":589},"cordis-european-research-council-award-337569","Taking extrasolar planet imaging to a new level with vector vortex coronagraphy","€1,499,200","Vector vortex coronagraphs (VVC) are among the most promising solutions to directly image faint extrasolar planets by dimming the glare of their nearby host star. Manufacturing and efficiently operating such devices is however a challenging enterprise, especially in the thermal infrared regime where warm planets radiate most of their energy. For several years, we have been developing a new class of VVC, called the Annular Groove Phase Mask (AGPM) coronagraph. Etched on a diamond substrate, this ",{"id":591,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":592,"piName":14,"institution":593,"country":120,"year":13,"amount":594,"abstract":595},"cordis-european-research-council-award-309516","Protein Misfolding: Prion-like Propagation and Cure.  Implications for Neurodegenerative Diseases.","UNITED KINGDOM RESEARCH AND INNOVATION","€1,431,408","My long-term goal is to understand, how misfolded proteins, associated with the pathogenesis of most neurodegenerative diseases, propagate in a prion-like manner (i) and to identify strategies that could lead to cure protein misfolding (ii).(i) We have recently discovered that mutant SOD1 aggregates, associated with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, penetrate inside cells and replicate their misfolded state indefinitely, just like prions. Using our robust cell-based system, we will identify the mec",{"id":597,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":598,"piName":14,"institution":599,"country":12,"year":13,"amount":600,"abstract":601},"cordis-european-research-council-award-306357","Next-generation polymer nanofibers: from electrified jets to hybrid optoelectronics","UNIVERSITA DEL SALENTO","€1,491,823","This project ultimately targets the application of polymer nanofibers in new, cavity-free lasers. To this aim, it wants to tackle the still unsolved problems of the process of electrospinning in terms of product control by the parameters affecting the dynamics of electrified jets. The electrospinning is based on the uniaxial elongation of polymeric jets with sufficient molecular entanglements, in presence of an intense electric field. It is a unique approach to produce nanofibers with high throu",{"id":603,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":604,"piName":14,"institution":474,"country":475,"year":13,"amount":605,"abstract":606},"cordis-european-research-council-award-313440","Neurocognitive Plasticity – Lifespan Mechanisms of Change","€1,493,737","Human brains and cognitive functioning are in a constant flux of change throughout life.  The question is: can you decide to what extent your brain and cognition will change, and how? This has enormous implications - it is a question of by which mechanisms humans can adapt to their changing environments with changing minds. And it is a question of how to handle the frequent cognitive problems experienced by especially elderly adults. Research has yielded astonishingly different perspectives on c",{"id":608,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":609,"piName":14,"institution":337,"country":21,"year":13,"amount":610,"abstract":611},"cordis-european-research-council-award-306385","SOFt Interfaces: control of interfacial layers for biotechnological applications","€1,498,000","Microfluidic systems have a tremendous potential for the miniaturization and automation of bio-chemical assays. Cells or genes can be encapsulated in droplets that are manipulated, fused, analysed and sorted at high-throughput. Such systems are extremely powerful for the selection of microorganisms. To go further, I propose now to develop new types of microreactors for biotechnological assays, combining microfluidics and encapsulation. I propose to generalize droplet production to other encapsul",{"id":613,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":614,"piName":14,"institution":615,"country":159,"year":13,"amount":14,"abstract":616},"cordis-european-research-council-award-336642","Towards a new understanding of carbon processing in freshwaters: methane emission hot spots and carbon burial","UPPSALA UNIVERSITET","In spite of their small areal extent, inland waters play a vital role in the carbon cycle of the continents, as they emit significant amounts of the greenhouse gases (GHG) carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4) to the atmosphere, and simultaneously bury more organic carbon (OC) in their sediments than the entire ocean. Particularly in tropical hydropower reservoirs, GHG emissions can be large, mainly owing to high CH4 emission. Moreover, the number of tropical hydropower reservoirs will continue",{"id":618,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":619,"piName":14,"institution":337,"country":21,"year":13,"amount":620,"abstract":621},"cordis-european-research-council-award-307934","New paradigms for InfraRed modifications of Gravity","€1,471,296","Our proposal addresses theoretical and phenomenological properties of large distance (“Infra-Red”, IR in the following) modifications of the gravitational interaction. Such modifications are motivated by two main reasons: firstly, to find alternative explanations to the presence of dark matter or dark energy in cosmology",{"id":623,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":624,"piName":14,"institution":474,"country":475,"year":13,"amount":625,"abstract":626},"cordis-european-research-council-award-308126","Lusi: a unique natural laboratory for multidisciplinary studies of focussed fluid flow in sedimentary basins","€1,422,420","The 29th of May 2006 several gas and mud eruption sites suddenly appeared along a fault in the NE of Java, Indonesia. Within weeks several villages were submerged by boiling mud. The most prominent eruption site was named Lusi. To date Lusi is still active and has forced 50.000 people to be evacuated and an area of more than 7 km2 is covered by mud. The social impact of the eruption and its spectacular dimensions still attract the attention of international media. Since 2006 I have completed fou",{"id":628,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":629,"piName":14,"institution":337,"country":21,"year":13,"amount":14,"abstract":630},"cordis-european-research-council-award-309403","Genomics of adaptive divergence in Fungi","Understanding the genetic and genomic processes behind adaptive phenotypes remains a holy grail in biology. Fungi are poorly studied regarding these processes, despite their great tractability as model eukaryote organisms and their medical, industrial, and ecological importance. This project therefore aims to investigate the major evolutionary forces in the adaptive divergence of fungi —as model eukaryotes with small genomes— by the integration of high-throughput sequencing and innovative approa",{"id":632,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":633,"piName":14,"institution":459,"country":120,"year":13,"amount":634,"abstract":635},"cordis-european-research-council-award-313478","Energy Vulnerability and Urban Transitions in Europe","€1,426,677","Millions of urban households in the post-socialist states of Eastern and Central Europe (ECE) are unable to afford heating their homes in winter due to energy price increases implementd by their governments over the past 20 years, as well as combination of wider circumstances such as cold climates, higher-than-average rates of inefficient housing, inadequately developed and\u002For decaying infrastructure, large income differentials and economic\u002Fpolitical restructuring issues. The limited body of sch",{"id":637,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":638,"piName":14,"institution":459,"country":120,"year":13,"amount":639,"abstract":640},"cordis-european-research-council-award-313552","The Architecture of Consciousness","€1,477,483","The nature of consciousness is one of the great unsolved mysteries of science. Although the global research effort dedicated to explaining how consciousness arises from neural and cognitive activity is now more than two decades old, as yet there is no widely accepted theory of consciousness. One reason for why no adequate theory of consciousness has yet been found is that there is a lack of clarity about what exactly a theory of consciousness needs to explain. What is needed is thus a model of t",{"id":642,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":643,"piName":14,"institution":644,"country":68,"year":13,"amount":645,"abstract":646},"cordis-european-research-council-award-309633","Understanding the development and function of cerebral cortex folding","AGENCIA ESTATAL CONSEJO SUPERIOR DE INVESTIGACIONES CIENTIFICAS","€1,701,116","The mammalian cerebral cortex was subject to a dramatic expansion in surface area during evolution. This process is recapitulated during development and is accompanied by folding of the cortical sheet, which allows fitting a large cortical surface within a limited cranial volume. A loss of cortical folds is linked to severe intellectual impairment in humans, so cortical folding is believed to be crucial for brain function. However, developmental mechanisms responsible for cortical folding, and t",{"id":648,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":649,"piName":14,"institution":337,"country":21,"year":13,"amount":14,"abstract":650},"cordis-european-research-council-award-308087","EQualIS : Enhancing the Quality of Interacting Systems","The ubiquitous use of computerized systems, and their increasingcomplexity, demand formal evidences of their correctness. Whilecurrent formal-verification techniques have already been applied to anumber of case studies, they are not sufficient yet to fully analyzeseveral aspects of complex systems such as communication networks,embedded systems or industrial controllers.  There are three importantcharacteristics of these systems which need to be tackled:- the rich interaction that crucially cons",{"id":652,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":653,"piName":14,"institution":654,"country":120,"year":13,"amount":655,"abstract":656},"cordis-european-research-council-award-336633","Haploid selection in animals: investigating the importance of genetic and epigenetic effects in sperm","UNIVERSITY OF EAST ANGLIA","€1,440,248","An inescapable consequence of sex in eukaryotes is the evolution of a biphasic life cycle with alternating diploid and haploid phases. The occurrence of selection during both phases has far reaching consequences for fundamental evolutionary processes including the rate of adaptation, the extent of inbreeding depression and the load of deleterious mutations, as well as for applied research into assisted fertilization. It has been a long-standing dogma that, unlike in plants, selection at the hapl",{"id":658,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":659,"piName":14,"institution":660,"country":73,"year":13,"amount":661,"abstract":662},"cordis-european-research-council-award-311819","Integrating human agency in global-scale land change models","STICHTING VU","€1,499,639","Current global-scale research on environmental change has a strong focus on the physical processes that underlie changes in the earth system. Although global environmental change is driven by individual and collective human decisions, most earth system and integrated assessment models lack a proper representation of variation in human decision making. The importance of variation in local context has caused much social-science research on the underlying driving factors and decision making structu",{"id":664,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":665,"piName":14,"institution":666,"country":120,"year":13,"amount":310,"abstract":667},"cordis-european-research-council-award-310021","Molecular Mechanisms of GABAergic synapse formation: spatial segregation in cortical inhibitory inputs","KING'S COLLEGE LONDON","Neuronal circuitries underlying the function of the mammalian cerebral cortex collectively constitute one of the most complex biological systems. As such, unraveling the mechanisms that control their development represents one of the most challenging questions in Science. Understanding this process is also an imperative need in biomedicine, because abnormal wiring is thought to cause severe neuropsychiatric disorders.During development, the astonishing specificity of neuronal wiring is achieved ",{"id":669,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":670,"piName":14,"institution":337,"country":21,"year":13,"amount":671,"abstract":672},"cordis-european-research-council-award-310939","Mechanistic dissection of myofibrillogenesis and sarcomerogenesis in insect muscle","€1,496,000","Higher animals employ a complex muscle network for their daily movements. Proper execution of movements requires individual muscles to form at the correct positions, connect to proper tendons and produce sufficient force. Muscle development is a multi-step process: myoblasts proliferate, migrate to particular locations and fuse to myotubes. Myotubes target appropriate tendons to establish a stable connection and transition to myofibers by assembling their specific contractile apparatus in a proc",{"id":674,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":675,"piName":14,"institution":459,"country":120,"year":13,"amount":14,"abstract":676},"cordis-european-research-council-award-307215","LODESTONE: Unifying the Radio Spectrum to Map the Magnetic Universe","Clusters of galaxies are a unique cosmological probe. Beyond the potential wells of individual clusters the vast filamentary cosmic web which binds them together contains two thirds of the baryonic matter in the Universe and represents a rich scientific resource. In order to use such resources correctly it is essential  to understand the energetics, dynamics and redshift dependence of the intra\u002Finter-cluster media. Absolutely fundamental to this understanding is a detailed knowledge of the stren",{"id":678,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":679,"piName":14,"institution":680,"country":120,"year":13,"amount":14,"abstract":681},"cordis-european-research-council-award-307392","A scalable quantum architecture","HERIOT-WATT UNIVERSITY","Scientists world-wide are in pursuit of radical proposals to exploit coherent quantum states for a diverse range of applications including communication, information processing, and metrology. Similar to conventional technologies, the quantum machinery will most likely consist of photons and semiconductor devices to create, transmit, receive, and process the quantum information. Indeed, a range of coherent solid-state quantum states which interact with photons have been developed over the last d",{"id":683,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":684,"piName":14,"institution":685,"country":80,"year":13,"amount":686,"abstract":687},"cordis-european-research-council-award-336452","Gut microbiota, innate immunity and endocannabinoid system interactions link metabolic inflammation with the hallmarks of obesity and type 2 diabetes","UNIVERSITE CATHOLIQUE DE LOUVAIN","€1,494,640","Obesity and type 2 diabetes are characterized by metabolic inflammation and an altered endocannabinoid system (eCB) tone. We have provided evidence that gut microbiota modulate both intestinal and adipose tissue eCB system tone. Insulin resistance and inflammation have been linked to microbiota-host interaction via different Toll-Like Receptors (TLR’s). Our preliminary data show that tamoxifen-induced epithelial intestinal cells deletion of the key signalling adaptor MyD88 (myeloid differentiati",{"id":689,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":690,"piName":14,"institution":691,"country":73,"year":13,"amount":692,"abstract":693},"cordis-european-research-council-award-337399","Noise in gene expression as a determinant of virulence of the human pathogen Streptococcus pneumoniae","RIJKSUNIVERSITEIT GRONINGEN","€1,498,846","Not all cells in bacterial populations exhibit exactly the same phenotype, even though they grow in the same environment and are genetically identical. One of the main driving forces of phenotypic variation is stochasticity, or noise, in gene expression. Possible molecular origins contributing to noise in protein synthesis are stochastic fluctuations in the biochemical reactions of gene expression itself, namely transcription and translation.The driving hypothesis of this application is that the",{"id":695,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":696,"piName":14,"institution":691,"country":73,"year":13,"amount":697,"abstract":698},"cordis-european-research-council-award-307207","Control of Spatially Distributed Complex Multi-Agent Networks","€1,495,444","Spatially distributed multi-agent networks have been used successfully to model a wide range of natural, social and engineered complex systems, such as animal groups, online communities and electric power grids. In various contexts, it is crucial to introduce control actions into such networks to either achieve desired collective dynamics or test the understanding of the systems’ behavior. However, controlling such systems is extremely challenging due to agents’ complicated sensing, communicatio",{"id":700,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":701,"piName":14,"institution":691,"country":73,"year":13,"amount":702,"abstract":703},"cordis-european-research-council-award-307760","Tuning electronic surface properties by molecular patterning","€1,486,061","Inspired by the possibility to create an artificial electronic band structure through the interplay of a molecular nanoporous network with the surface state electrons of a metallic substrate (recently reported by us), the utilization of this new concept for controlling the electronic surface properties of a material as well as establishing understanding of the underlying principles for the observed behavior is the overall aim of this project. The modification of the electronic surface properties",{"id":705,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":706,"piName":14,"institution":685,"country":80,"year":13,"amount":14,"abstract":707},"cordis-european-research-council-award-336130","Multimodal functional neuroimaging techniques to probe the representation of pain in the human brain","Pain may be defined as a primarily aversive perception that is vital for survival, as it incites the individual to respond to stimuli constituting a real or potential menace. However, pain is also a major healthcare issue, undermining the health and welfare of millions of individuals and imposing a severe financial burden to our societies. How does the brain process noxious stimuli, and how does this lead to the perception of pain? In humans, using functional neuroimaging techniques such as elec",{"id":709,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":710,"piName":14,"institution":711,"country":120,"year":13,"amount":712,"abstract":713},"cordis-european-research-council-award-335928","Durability of geopolymers as 21st century concretes","THE UNIVERSITY OF SHEFFIELD","€1,495,458","GeopolyConc will provide the necessary scientific basis for the prediction of the long-term durability performance of alkali-activated ‘geopolymer’ concretes. These materials can be synthesised from industrial by-products and widely-available natural resources, and provide the opportunity for a highly significant reduction in the environmental footprint of the global construction materials industry, as it expands to meet the infrastructure needs of 21st century society. Experimental and modellin",{"id":715,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":716,"piName":14,"institution":711,"country":120,"year":13,"amount":14,"abstract":717},"cordis-european-research-council-award-309944","Priming of plant immunity: from its onset to trans-generational maintenance","Plant defence depends on speed: the sooner a plant recognises its attacker, the more effective its defence response will be. Over the course of evolution, plants have acquired the ability to prime their immune system after perception of specific environmental signals. This heightened state of defence enables a faster and\u002For stronger activation of inducible defence mechanisms after pathogen attack, providing resistance against a wide range of diseases. Based on a phenotypically similar response i",{"id":719,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":720,"piName":14,"institution":721,"country":35,"year":13,"amount":86,"abstract":722},"cordis-european-research-council-award-313797","From Forest to Farmland and Meadow to Metropolis: What Role for Humans in Explaining the Enigma of Holocene CO2 and Methane Concentrations?","MAX-PLANCK-GESELLSCHAFT ZUR FORDERUNG DER WISSENSCHAFTEN EV","The Holocene record of atmospheric CO2 and methane concentrations is an enigma. Concentrations of both gases increased from the beginning of the epoch 11,700 years ago to about 10,000 BP, then declined for several thousand years, but by 6000 BP, concentrations of both gases were steadily increasing again. This mid-late Holocene rise in greenhouse gases is unusual; similar patterns are not observed during previous interglacials. While various mechanisms have been proposed to explain these changes",{"id":724,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":725,"piName":14,"institution":615,"country":159,"year":13,"amount":726,"abstract":727},"cordis-european-research-council-award-312292","developmental social Cognition and ACTion UnderStanding","€1,498,920","Humans are social creatures throughout life. This proposal aims to advance our knowledge of the mechanisms that mediate understanding of others’ actions from a developmental perspective. A special emphasis will be devoted to mirror neuron and teleological frameworks. The former framework focuses on reciprocal motor activation during action execution and observation whereas the later framework emphasizes the application of abstract principles to observed events. The mechanisms that guide both pro",{"id":729,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":730,"piName":14,"institution":731,"country":35,"year":13,"amount":732,"abstract":733},"cordis-european-research-council-award-312420","Redefining tie strength – how social media (can) help us to get non-redundant useful information and emotional support","MEDIEN IN DER BILDUNG STIFTUNG","€1,079,457","Social media offer us effortless ways to stay in touch with large numbers of individuals. These individuals can be friends (strong ties), acquaintances (weak ties), or people we barely know (absent ties). Decades of social capital research have shown that strong ties are useful because they provide us with emotional support and weak ties are useful because they provide us with non-redundant useful information, but absent ties do not provide us with any benefits at all. Now, social media challeng",{"id":735,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":736,"piName":14,"institution":737,"country":54,"year":13,"amount":738,"abstract":739},"cordis-european-research-council-award-313327","The Economics of Grievances and Ethnic Conflicts","UNIVERSITE DE LAUSANNE","€1,031,370","I analyze theoretically and empirically the role played by grievances and hostile beliefs in ethnic conflicts. I study the interaction between economic incentives, endogenous salience of ethnic identities, belief dynamics and conflicts. In particular I analyze the formation of oppositional ethnic identities, which correspond to group-specific systems of beliefs leading to distrust and use of violence. Those issues are at the intersection of the literatures on the economics of conflicts and the e",{"id":741,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":742,"piName":14,"institution":743,"country":120,"year":13,"amount":744,"abstract":745},"cordis-european-research-council-award-309742","The analysis of mitochondrial dynamics in ageing and neurodegeneration","THE CHANCELLOR MASTERS AND SCHOLARS OF THE UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE","€1,486,761","The survival of our most active tissues, such as the brain and heart, throughout decades of a human lifespan presents an extraordinary biological challenge. Mitochondria are central to the life and death of these tissues. They provide the cellular energy required by these cells and protect them by buffering potentially lethal levels of cytoplasmic calcium, while at the same time mitochondria produce much of the molecules that cause cellular damage and contain a lethal arsenal of apoptotic cell d",{"id":747,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":748,"piName":14,"institution":749,"country":35,"year":13,"amount":750,"abstract":751},"cordis-european-research-council-award-311522","Metastability of proteins during tumor metastasis","JOHANN WOLFGANG GOETHE-UNIVERSITAET FRANKFURT AM MAIN","€1,366,800","Mutational heterogeneity bestows tumors with the phenotypic plasticity and adaptability required for expansion. On the other hand, mutations destabilize proteins – lower stability (metastability) of the tumor proteome must be the inevitable consequence. We set out to systematically investigate this biochemical aspect of metastasis aiming to uncover and therapeutically exploit specific vulnerabilities resulting from protein destabilization. We will approach this goal by cataloging associations be",{"id":753,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":754,"piName":14,"institution":755,"country":120,"year":13,"amount":756,"abstract":757},"cordis-european-research-council-award-336092","The Coevolution of Life and Arsenic in Precambrian Oceans","CARDIFF UNIVERSITY","€1,486,374","The ubiquity of arsenic resistant genes across all of life’s variety suggests a close intimacy between arsenic biogeochemistry and evolution, over geological time scales. However, the behaviour of arsenic in past environments where life originated and its impact on our evolution is essentially unknown. Arsenic is of particular importance because of its toxic properties, prevalence in tight association with ubiquitous iron and sulfide minerals and as a major component of sulfide-rich waters, all ",{"id":759,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":760,"piName":14,"institution":755,"country":120,"year":13,"amount":761,"abstract":762},"cordis-european-research-council-award-313642","Law, science and interests in European policy-making","€1,453,748","This project provides a detailed analysis of how European law structures the use of different types of expertise in European policy-making, and assesses whether and to what extent objectives such as ensuring scientific expertise, sound evidence and interest representation overlap or are in tension with each other. However, European law constitutes a particular social subsystem, a cognitive framework and a form of expertise. While law is expected to deliver the regulatory framework through which ",{"id":764,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":765,"piName":14,"institution":766,"country":73,"year":13,"amount":767,"abstract":768},"cordis-european-research-council-award-311549","RNA-based regulation of signal transduction – Regulation of calcineurin\u002FNFAT signaling by microRNA-based mechanisms","UNIVERSITEIT MAASTRICHT","€1,499,528","Heart failure is a serious clinical disorder that represents the primary cause of hospitalization and death in Europe and the United States. There is a dire need for new paradigms and therapeutic approaches for treatment of this devastating disease. The heart responds to mechanical load and various extracellular stimuli by hypertrophic growth and sustained pathological hypertrophy is a major clinical predictor of heart failure. A variety of stress-responsive signaling pathways promote cardiac hy",{"id":770,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":771,"piName":14,"institution":772,"country":80,"year":13,"amount":773,"abstract":774},"cordis-european-research-council-award-311083","Uncovering the role of new synaptic adhesion molecules in encoding synaptic connectivity in the brain","VIB VZW","€1,718,070","Synapses connect neurons into a network that encodes our thoughts, memories and personalities. Loss of synaptic connectivity is thought to underlie a variety of cognitive disorders such as autism, schizophrenia and Alzheimer’s disease, but little is known about the molecules and mechanisms that establish and maintain the precise patterns of synaptic connectivity in the brain. Neither is it understood how perturbed synaptic connectivity affects cognitive function. The synaptic adhesion molecules ",{"id":776,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":777,"piName":14,"institution":778,"country":73,"year":13,"amount":14,"abstract":779},"cordis-european-research-council-award-310913","Cracking the SUMO Signalling Code","ACADEMISCH ZIEKENHUIS LEIDEN","Functional activity of proteins is tightly controlled via reversible post-translational modifications including phosphorylation, acetylation and ubiquitylation. These modifications enable the orchestration of cellular responses to a wide variety of stimuli. Due to these modifications, proteomes are overwhelmingly complex. Progress in the field has been greatly accelerated by the development of novel approaches to study these post-translational modifications at a proteome-wide scale using the sen",{"id":781,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":782,"piName":14,"institution":783,"country":159,"year":13,"amount":784,"abstract":785},"cordis-european-research-council-award-311335","Next generation sequencing for detection of human primary immunodeficiency syndromes characterized by impaired cytotoxic lymphocyte function","KAROLINSKA INSTITUTET","€1,499,996","Human primary immunodeficiencies affecting cytotoxic lymphocyte function are associated with high morbidity and mortality. They often present as hyperinflammatory syndromes triggered by viral infections, hematological malignancies, or systemic autoimmunity. Although recent advances have provided molecular diagnoses for some of the most severe cases, only a handful of genes have been identified and disease in a majority of patients cannot be explained by current insights. My work has elucidated f",{"id":787,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":788,"piName":14,"institution":783,"country":159,"year":13,"amount":789,"abstract":790},"cordis-european-research-council-award-310938","The role of pericytes in central nervous system scarring and fibrosis","€1,750,000","Damage to the central nervous system (CNS) often leads to persistent functional deficits, causinggreat individual suffering and enormous cost to society. The manifestation of these deficits isbelieved to be associated with the scar tissue that forms locally at lesions, causing permanent tissuealteration and blocking regeneration.Research on CNS scar tissue has primarily focused on astrocytes and it is often referred to as theglial scar. However, although it has received much less attention, ther",{"id":792,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":793,"piName":14,"institution":783,"country":159,"year":13,"amount":794,"abstract":795},"cordis-european-research-council-award-309596","Irisin - a novel myokine protective against metabolic disease","€1,999,433","Cardiovascular disease and diabetes constitute the major disease burden in the western world with growing morbidity. Exercise is known to ameliorate many of the key processes in the pathogenesis of these diseases, but the underlying mechanism is not clear. Especially little is known about how exercise affects non-muscle tissues such as the heart, fat and liver. Knowledge of such pathways could lead to new therapeutic possibilities for diabetes and cardiovascular diseases.I have recently discover",{"id":797,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":798,"piName":14,"institution":783,"country":159,"year":13,"amount":799,"abstract":800},"cordis-european-research-council-award-311575","Factor XII and the contact system: cross-talk between thrombosis and inflammation","€1,488,780","Combinations of proinflammatory and procoagulant reactions are the unifying principle for a variety of disorders affecting the cardiovascular system. Factor XII (FXII, Hageman factor) is a plasma protease that initiates the contact system. This system starts a cascade of procoagulant and proinflammatory reactions via the intrinsic pathway of coagulation, and the bradykinin-producing kallikrein-kinin system, respectively. The biochemistry of the contact system in vitro is well understood, however",{"id":802,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":803,"piName":14,"institution":772,"country":80,"year":13,"amount":86,"abstract":804},"cordis-european-research-council-award-310068","Control mechanisms that pattern microtubules for switching cell division planes during plant morphogenesis","Oriented cell divisions dictate morphogenesis by shaping tissues and organs of multicellular organisms. Oriented cell divisions have profound influence in plants because their cell positions are locked by shared cell walls. A relay of cell divisions involving precise division plane switches determines embryonic body plan, organ layout and organ architecture in plants. Cell division planes in plants are specified by reorganization of premitotic cortical microtubule array and how this occurs is a ",{"id":806,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":807,"piName":14,"institution":808,"country":73,"year":13,"amount":14,"abstract":809},"cordis-european-research-council-award-337333","Towards understanding cerebral small vessel disease: Innovative, MRI-based, functional markers to discover the terra incognita between large vessels and macroscopic brain lesions","UNIVERSITAIR MEDISCH CENTRUM UTRECHT","Small vessel disease (SVD) causes 25% of all cerebral strokes and is a major cause of cognitive decline (dementia) and functional disability (ageing) in the elderly. Two important challenges hamper the development of effective treatments. First, still little is known about the mechanism by which SVD leads to macroscopic, ischemic brain damage and, thus, to cognitive decline. Second, the current clinical markers and image-based markers of SVD do not reflect SVD itself, but macroscopic brain damag",{"id":811,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":812,"piName":14,"institution":813,"country":73,"year":13,"amount":121,"abstract":814},"cordis-european-research-council-award-312787","Apathy in schizophrenia: time for a DRASTIC (Dual Routes to Apathy in Schizophrenia: Treatment, Imaging, Cognition) study","ACADEMISCH ZIEKENHUIS GRONINGEN","Apathy is a prominent and severely debilitating aspect of several psychiatric disorders, most notably schizophrenia. Little is known regarding the neuroscientific basis of apathy, however. Clinically, it has been suggested that two forms of apathy can be distinguished: cognitive apathy (CA) which concerns reduced initiative to start daily activities and social-emotional apathy (SEA) which concerns reduced interest in otherwise gratifying activities. I hypothesize that CA is primarily a dysfuncti",{"id":816,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":817,"piName":14,"institution":818,"country":147,"year":13,"amount":819,"abstract":820},"cordis-european-research-council-award-311341","Origins and factors governing adaptation: Insights from experimental evolution and population genomic data","AARHUS UNIVERSITET","€1,159,857","I propose a systematic study of the type of genetic variation enabling adaptation and factors that limit rates of adaptation in natural populations. New methods will be developed for analysing data from experimental evolution and population genomics. The methods will be applied to state of the art data from both fields. Adaptation is generated by natural selection sieving through heritable variation. Examples of adaptation are available from the fossil record and from extant populations. Genomic",{"id":822,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":823,"piName":14,"institution":818,"country":147,"year":13,"amount":327,"abstract":824},"cordis-european-research-council-award-310886","Macroecological studies of long-term historical constraints on functional diversity and ecosystem functioning across continents","Earth’s environment is ongoing massive changes with strong impacts on ecosystems and their services to human societies. It is thus crucial to improve understanding of ecosystem functioning and its dynamics under environmental change. I propose to do this by assessing the novel hypothesis that ecosystem functioning is subject to long-term constraints mediated by biodiversity effects and driven by past climate change and other historical factors. If supported, we will have to rethink ecosystem eco",{"id":826,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":827,"piName":14,"institution":828,"country":68,"year":13,"amount":829,"abstract":830},"cordis-european-research-council-award-336343","Metabolic requirements for prostate cancer cell fitness","ASOCIACION CENTRO DE INVESTIGACION COOPERATIVA EN BIOCIENCIAS","€1,498,686","The actual view of cellular transformation and cancer progression supports the notion that cancer cells must undergo metabolic reprogramming in order to survive in a hostile environment. This field has experienced a renaissance in recent years, with the discovery of cancer genes regulating metabolic homeostasis, in turn being accepted as an emergent hallmark of cancer. Prostate cancer presents one of the highest incidences in men mostly in developed societies and exhibits a significant associati",{"id":832,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":833,"piName":14,"institution":834,"country":68,"year":13,"amount":835,"abstract":836},"cordis-european-research-council-award-338133","Artificial Mitochondria for Health","UNIVERSIDAD COMPLUTENSE DE MADRID","€1,378,000","Mitochondria are cell organelles that provide the energetic requirements of the body. The majority of cellular ATP is produced by the membrane protein ATP synthase through a proton gradient across the mitochondrial inner membrane. Alterations in ATP synthase biogenesis can result in severe mitochondrial diseases affecting tissues with high energy requirements as brain and muscles. Mitochondrial diseases affect approximately 20 million people in the EU, causing 35 % of deaths during the first yea",{"id":838,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":839,"piName":14,"institution":749,"country":35,"year":13,"amount":840,"abstract":841},"cordis-european-research-council-award-311477","Function and production of secondary metabolites","€1,754,700","Secondary metabolites (SMs) of bacterial origin play a pivotal role in modern therapy of various diseases. Whole-genome sequencing projects have revealed that all SM producing organisms have the capacity to produce many more compounds than reported from the respective strains. Despite their importance and their broad use in medicine, we hardly know anything about (i) the natural function of these important compounds, (ii) the underlying regulatory networks, and (iii) how to increase the number a",{"id":843,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":844,"piName":14,"institution":845,"country":54,"year":13,"amount":846,"abstract":847},"cordis-european-research-council-award-311194","A novel two-step model for neurodegeneration in Parkinson’s disease","UNIVERSITE DE GENEVE","€1,518,960","Parkinson’s disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder primarily caused by the progressive loss of dopaminergic (DA) neurons in the substantia nigra (SN). Despite the advances in gene discovery associated with PD, the knowledge of the PD pathogenesis is largely limited to the involvement of these genes in the generic cell death pathways, and why degeneration is specific to DA neurons and why the degeneration is progressive remain enigmatic. Broad goal of our work is theref",{"id":849,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":850,"piName":14,"institution":851,"country":35,"year":13,"amount":86,"abstract":852},"cordis-european-research-council-award-337283","Biological Membranes in Action: A Unified Approachto Complexation, Scaffolding and Active Transport","FRIEDRICH-ALEXANDER-UNIVERSITAET ERLANGEN-NUERNBERG","In recent breakthrough publications, the effect of fluctuations on the affinity of membrane-confined molecules has been evaluated, and a quantitative model for the time evolution of small adhesion domains has been developed under my leadership. Now I propose to bring my research to a new level by tackling the problem of active and passive organisation of proteins into macromolecular structures on fluctuating fluid membranes, using a physicist’s approach across established disciplinary boundaries",{"id":854,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":855,"piName":14,"institution":856,"country":54,"year":13,"amount":857,"abstract":858},"cordis-european-research-council-award-306630","Middle Infrared Broadly Tunable Compact Cavity-Less Source based on Parametric Conversion","ECOLE POLYTECHNIQUE FEDERALE DE LAUSANNE","€1,499,972","The middle-infrared (Mid-IR) is a core band for molecular detection and identification as nearly every molecule strongly absorbs in this wavelength range. Hence, it hosts critical applications ranging from spectroscopy, health monitoring, sensing as well as free space communication. Unfortunately, the advantages of this wavelength range have not been fully exploited due to the lack of Mid-IR sources that can simultaneously satisfy stringent requirements these diverse applications impose. To this",{"id":860,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":861,"piName":14,"institution":856,"country":54,"year":13,"amount":862,"abstract":863},"cordis-european-research-council-award-309064","Virulence factors of facultative pathogens and their role outside the human host","€1,698,924","The etiologic agent of cholera, Vibrio cholerae, is an important cause of human morbidity and mortality, particularly in developing countries or following environmental disasters.  The watery diarrhea characteristic of cholera results from the action of bacterial virulence determinants, notably cholera toxin, which gene has been acquired by horizontal gene transfer. V. cholerae as a facultative pathogen commonly occurs in aquatic ecosystems, its true habitat, where it intimately associates with ",{"id":865,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":866,"piName":14,"institution":867,"country":73,"year":13,"amount":868,"abstract":869},"cordis-european-research-council-award-336043","Real-time monitoring of load induced remodeling in tissue-engineered bone","TECHNISCHE UNIVERSITEIT EINDHOVEN","€1,496,859","The maintenance of the skeleton is tightly coupled with balanced bone formation and resorption processes that are mediated by osteoblasts and osteoclasts, respectively. Loss of this balance results in skeletal pathologies representing some of the most significant public health threats faced by the growing and ageing population. Tissue engineering investigates various health aspects such as drug development, fundamental research and regenerative medicine. State-of-the-art approaches are lacking t",{"id":871,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":872,"piName":14,"institution":337,"country":21,"year":13,"amount":873,"abstract":874},"cordis-european-research-council-award-313610","Psycho-semantics: new data for formal semantics models, stronger frameworks for experimental studies","€1,429,030","Formal semantics provides rigorous, explicit models of linguistic meaning. Such models also include an account of the possible interactions between language and reasoning abilities. Over the last decade, thanks to the joint efforts of linguists and psychologists, experimental techniques have entered the field of formal semantics. With this methodological step forward, the field has become a full-fledged cognitive science, with a combination of highly predictive formal theories of the language fa",{"id":876,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":877,"piName":14,"institution":337,"country":21,"year":13,"amount":878,"abstract":879},"cordis-european-research-council-award-307104","Smart interrogation of the immune synapse by nano-patterned and soft 3D substrates","€1,133,565","We aim to design smart substrates and suitable detection techniques to understand better the dynamics and spatial organization found in the immunological synapse, with the ultimate goal of developing new diagnostic tools for sensitive detection of immune deficiency diseases that arise from faulty adhesion. The immunological synapse (IS), formed at the interface between a T-lymphocyte and an antigen presenting cell, has been the target of intense multidisciplinary research in the last decade. Stu",{"id":881,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":882,"piName":14,"institution":711,"country":120,"year":13,"amount":883,"abstract":884},"cordis-european-research-council-award-311490","Coevolution of bacteria and conjugative plasmids","€1,233,610","Horizontal gene transfer (HGT) is a fundamental process of bacterial evolution, accelerating adaptation to novel environments and providing access to new ecological niches. However, two of the three mechanisms of HGT, transduction and conjugation, both rely on semi-autonomous vectors (lysogenic phages and conjugative plasmids, respectively), creating the potential for coadaptation between microbe and vector. I here focus on conjugative plasmids. These encode their own replication and transfer, a",{"id":886,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":887,"piName":14,"institution":337,"country":21,"year":13,"amount":888,"abstract":889},"cordis-european-research-council-award-335585","Polariton networks: from honeycomb lattices to artificial gauge fields","€1,499,950","Boson gases confined in lattices present fundamental properties which strongly depart from their 3D counterparts. A notorious example is the honeycomb lattice, whose geometry results in massless Dirac-like states. By engineering the phase picked by the particles when tunneling from site to site, lattices also allow for the generation of artificial gauge fields. They result in very strong effective magnetic fields, opening the way to the observation of new quantum Hall regimes in neutral particle",{"id":891,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":892,"piName":14,"institution":337,"country":21,"year":13,"amount":893,"abstract":894},"cordis-european-research-council-award-306537","Quantum Communication and Cryptography","€980,640","Quantum Information Processing has the potential to revolutionize the future of information technologies. My long-term vision is a network of quantum and classical devices, where individual agents have the ability to communicate efficiently in a variety of ways with trusted and untrusted parties and securely delegate computational tasks to a number of untrusted large-scale quantum computing servers. In such an interconnected world, the notion of security against malicious adversaries is an imper",{"id":896,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":897,"piName":14,"institution":519,"country":21,"year":13,"amount":86,"abstract":898},"cordis-european-research-council-award-310790","Blood vessels as a target for infection","One of the major challenges in bacterial infectious disease relates to infections taking place in the bloodstream (septicemia). Despite availability of antibiotics these types of infections lead to extremely severe conditions such as septic shock or meningitis requiring a better understanding of mechanisms of disease. The common denominator of these conditions is the interaction of pathogens with the blood vessels and the subsequent alteration of the vessels biological properties. The aim of thi",{"id":900,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":901,"piName":14,"institution":691,"country":73,"year":13,"amount":902,"abstract":903},"cordis-european-research-council-award-335473","Controlling Tunneling Charge Transport with Organic Synthesis","€1,494,863","This project pushes Molecular Electronics (ME) beyond simple distant-dependence studies towards controlling tunneling charge transport with organic synthesis by manipulating the intrinsic properties of organic molecules to shape the tunneling barrier. The measurements will be done with two tools that I have developed; Eutectic Ga-In (EGaIn), which is increasingly being used by the ME community as a robust method for measuring charge-transport through self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) and SAM-temp",{"id":905,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":906,"piName":14,"institution":337,"country":21,"year":13,"amount":907,"abstract":908},"cordis-european-research-council-award-307778","Circuit QED with hybrid electronic states","€1,456,608","We propose to develop a new scheme for detecting and manipulating exotic states formed by combinations of conductors with different dimensionalities and\u002For electronic orders. For that purpose, we will use tools of cavity quantum electrodynamics to study in a very controlled way the interaction of light and this exotic matter.Our experiments will be implemented with nanowires connected to normal, ferromagnetic or superconducting electrodes embedded in high finesse on-chip superconducting photonic",{"id":910,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":911,"piName":14,"institution":867,"country":73,"year":13,"amount":912,"abstract":913},"cordis-european-research-council-award-308045","Supramolecular Chemistry in Medicine:Towards Complex Molecular Biomaterials that are Indistinguishable from Nature","€1,351,744","This ERC proposal aims to bridge the gap between supramolecular chemistry and regenerative medicine by defining a new area of ‘supramolecular medicine’ in which supramolecular chemistry will be used to solve medical and health problems. Understanding of tissues, cells, and the interactions occurring at the molecular level in natural systems is prerequisite to intervene in and stimulate processes in the body, in order to perform regenerative medicine. Because all processes taking place in our bod",{"id":915,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":916,"piName":14,"institution":737,"country":54,"year":13,"amount":917,"abstract":918},"cordis-european-research-council-award-310890","NLRs AS TRANSCRIPTIONAL REGULATORS","€1,499,154","MHC molecules are central to our immune system and are therefore also involved in several pathologies. MHCII transcription is controlled by proximal promoter sequences, which are cooperatively bound by several factors forming the ‘MHC enhanceosome’. Upon recruitment to this complex, the NLR family member CIITA promotes MHCII transcription.We recently found that our mice deficient for the NLR NLRC5 exhibit markedly reduced MHCI expression in lymphocytes. Importantly, endogenous NLRC5 occupies H-2",{"id":920,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":921,"piName":14,"institution":691,"country":73,"year":13,"amount":86,"abstract":922},"cordis-european-research-council-award-306983","Hybrid Solution Processable Materials for Opto-Electronic Devices","This proposal aims at developing, studying the physical properties, and fabricating solar cell devices based on novel hybrid semiconductors. These new hybrids will combine the electronic properties of colloidal semiconducting nanocrystrals (nanorods) with those of semiconducting organic molecules. Semiconducting nanocrystals are confined systems and therefore are usually not good building blocks for electrical devices. The solution proposed by this ERC project to turn them into efficient compone",{"id":924,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":925,"piName":14,"institution":337,"country":21,"year":13,"amount":926,"abstract":927},"cordis-european-research-council-award-336474","3D Interstellar Chemo-physical Evolution","€1,166,231","At the end of their life, stars spread their inner material into the diffuse interstellar medium. This diffuse medium gets locally denser and form dark clouds (also called dense or molecular clouds) whose innermost part is shielded from the external UV field by the dust, allowing for molecules to grow and get more complex. Gravitational collapse occurs inside these dense clouds, forming protostars and their surrounding disks, and eventually planetary systems like (or unlike) our solar system. Th",{"id":929,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":930,"piName":14,"institution":931,"country":35,"year":13,"amount":932,"abstract":933},"cordis-european-research-council-award-306897","Quantum Simulation of Many-Body Physics in Ultracold Gases","LUDWIG-MAXIMILIANS-UNIVERSITAET MUENCHEN","€1,489,414","Ultracold atoms in an optical lattice constitute a clean, controlled and tunable implementation of many intractable models in condensed matter physics. In the long run, cold gas experiments may act as quantum simulators and shed new light on those models, and tell us to what extent the real material is described by the model. The prerequisite is, however,  that those experiments are benchmarked and validated against models with known results.  A lot of recent attention was therefore devoted to t",{"id":935,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":936,"piName":14,"institution":931,"country":35,"year":13,"amount":937,"abstract":938},"cordis-european-research-council-award-336440","Optical Responses Controlled by DNA Assembly","€1,433,840","Artificially constructed materials can be designed to shape the propagation of light and can thus exhibit optical characteristics that are not found in nature. With such metamaterials, remarkable optical applications such as cloaking of objects, sensing of molecular environments or the fabrication of perfect lenses that are not bound by optical resolution limits could be realised. However, for metamaterials to operate at visible wavelengths they have to be structured in three dimensions with nan",{"id":940,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":941,"piName":14,"institution":942,"country":943,"year":13,"amount":944,"abstract":945},"cordis-european-research-council-award-307460","Bioengineering prediction of three-dimensional vascular growth and remodeling in embryonic great-vessel development","KOC UNIVERSITY","TR","€1,995,140","Globally 1 in 100 children are born with significant congenital heart defects (CHD), representing either new genetic mutations or epigenetic insults that alter cardiac morphogenesis in utero. Embryonic CV systems dynamically regulate structure and function over very short time periods throughout morphogenesis and that biomechanical loading conditions within the heart and great-vessels alter morphogenesis and gene expression. This proposal has structured around a common goal of developing a compr",{"id":947,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":948,"piName":14,"institution":315,"country":120,"year":13,"amount":949,"abstract":950},"cordis-european-research-council-award-337066","In vivo imaging of haematopoietic stem cells in their natural niches to uncover cellular and molecular dynamics regulating self-renewal","€1,699,724","Haematopoietic stem cells (HSC) reside in the bone marrow, from where they maintain immune cells, erythrocytes and platelets. To function correctly, they depend on their localisation within highly specialised niches, where cell-cell and -matrix interactions as well as medium- and long-range molecular signals are integrated to instruct them to either remain quiescent, or to generate progeny that will maintain both the stem cell pool and the differentiated lineages. Studies based on HSC transplant",{"id":952,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":953,"piName":14,"institution":315,"country":120,"year":13,"amount":954,"abstract":955},"cordis-european-research-council-award-305410","Advanced coupling of low order combustor simulations with thermoacoustic modelling and controller design","€1,489,309","Combustion is essential to the world’s energy generation and transport needs, and will remain so for the foreseeable future. Mitigating its impact on the climate and human health, by reducing its associated emissions, is thus a priority. One significant challenge for gas-turbine combustion is combustion instability, which is currently inhibiting reductions in NOx emissions (these damage human health via a deterioration in air quality). Combustion instability is caused by a two-way coupling betwe",{"id":957,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":958,"piName":14,"institution":315,"country":120,"year":13,"amount":959,"abstract":960},"cordis-european-research-council-award-310411","Brain-gut interactions in Drosophila melanogaster","€1,499,740","The gastrointestinal tract is emerging as a key regulator of appetite and metabolism, but studies aimed at identifying the signals involved are faced with daunting neuroanatomical complexity: there are as many as 500 million neurons in the human gut. Drosophila should provide a simple and genetically amenable alternative, but both its autonomic nervous system and the signalling significance of its digestive tract have remained largely unexplored. My research programme will characterize the signa",{"id":962,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":963,"piName":14,"institution":931,"country":35,"year":13,"amount":964,"abstract":965},"cordis-european-research-council-award-307203","Attosecond tracing of collective dynamics  in clusters and nanoparticles","€1,498,500","Collective electron motion can unfold on attosecond time scales in nanoplasmonic systems, as defined by the inverse spectral bandwidth of the plasmonic resonant region. Similarly, in dielectrics or semiconductors, the laser-driven collective motion of electrons can occur on this characteristic time scale. Until now, such collective electron dynamics has not been directly observed on its natural, attosecond timescale. In ATTOCO, the attosecond, sub-cycle dynamics of strong-field driven collective",{"id":967,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":968,"piName":14,"institution":315,"country":120,"year":13,"amount":969,"abstract":970},"cordis-european-research-council-award-311399","Functional redundancy of bacterial communities in the laboratory and in the wild","€1,484,258","Understanding how species mediate ecosystem processes, such as energy and nutrient fluxes, is among the foremost challenges in ecology. Bacterial communities are pivotal for the functioning of the world’s ecosystems. Although there have been great advances in describing the biodiversity of bacteria, little effort has been directed at understanding how differences in bacterial communities translate into differences in ecosystem functioning. The proposed research will develop a comprehensive frame",{"id":972,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":973,"piName":14,"institution":315,"country":120,"year":13,"amount":974,"abstract":975},"cordis-european-research-council-award-337488","Stability and Instability in the Mathematical Analysis of the Einstein equations","€1,264,652","The present proposal is concerned with the global analysis of solutions to the Einstein equations of general relativity. This subject lies at the intersection of the analysis of partial differential equations, differential geometry and theoretical physics and is a field of intense current activity, with several important advances having been achieved in the last decade only.The main objective of the proposal is to establish a research group based at Imperial College to develop novel mathematical",{"id":977,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":978,"piName":14,"institution":979,"country":35,"year":13,"amount":980,"abstract":981},"cordis-european-research-council-award-309966","The quantitative Bcl-2 interactome in apoptosis: decoding how cancer cells escape death","EBERHARD KARLS UNIVERSITAET TUEBINGEN","€1,462,900","The proteins of the Bcl-2 family function as key regulators of apoptosis by controlling the permeabilization of the mitochondrial outer membrane. They form an intricate, fine-tuned interaction network which is altered in cancer cells to avoid cell death.  Currently, we do not understand how signaling within this network, which combines events in cytosol and membranes, is orchestrated to decide the cell fate. The main goal of this proposal is to unravel how apoptosis signaling is integrated  by t",{"id":983,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":984,"piName":14,"institution":985,"country":73,"year":13,"amount":986,"abstract":987},"cordis-european-research-council-award-338200","Quantitative network-level analysis of stochastic cell fate decisions","STICHTING NEDERLANDSE WETENSCHAPPELIJK ONDERZOEK INSTITUTEN","€1,495,920","In a developing embryo, each cell has to assume the correct cell fate to yield a viable adult organism. It has become clear that the signaling networks that control development are heavily influenced by molecular noise, i.e. stochastic fluctuations on the molecular level. Intriguingly, in many organisms cell fates are assigned in a stochastic manner. Such stochastic cell fate decisions are thought to exploit molecular noise, using positive feedback loops to amplify noise into an all-or-nothing c",{"id":989,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":990,"piName":14,"institution":979,"country":35,"year":13,"amount":86,"abstract":991},"cordis-european-research-council-award-310842","The influence of environmental factors on antimicrobial activity of human intestinal defensins","Human epithelia are permanently challenged by microorganisms. In the gut, the fraction of strict anaerobic bacteria increases from proximal to distal, reaching 99% of bacterial species in the colon. Moreover, microbial metabolism causes a reduction of the environment to a low redox potential of only –200 mV to –300 mV. Defensins, characterised by three intramolecular disulfide-bridges, are key effector molecules of innate immunity that protect the host from infectious microbes. Human β-defensin ",{"id":993,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":994,"piName":14,"institution":979,"country":35,"year":13,"amount":995,"abstract":996},"cordis-european-research-council-award-307320","Microbial formation of minerals by communities of Fe(II)-oxidizing bacteria in modern and ancient environments","€1,499,000","Iron minerals are ubiquitously present in the environment. Their formation is linked to the global C and N cycle and they control the fate of nutrients, metals, and greenhouse gases. My recent work, published in international journals including Nature Geoscience, showed that Fe(II)-oxidizing bacteria form Fe(III) minerals and suggested that such bacteria were involved in the deposition of Precambrian Banded Iron Formations, the world’s largest iron mineral deposits. Three neutrophilic microbial ",{"id":998,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":999,"piName":14,"institution":315,"country":120,"year":13,"amount":1000,"abstract":1001},"cordis-european-research-council-award-311092","The Origin of Jawed Vertebrates and the Evolution of Morphology in Deep Time","€1,401,820","Jawed vertebrates account for more than 99% of modern vertebrate diversity. Collectively, they comprise chondrichthyans (sharks, rays, and chimaeras) and osteichthyans (bony fishes and terrestrial vertebrates, including humans). The anatomy of jawed vertebrates includes a series of complex traits such as jaws, teeth, paired appendages, and novel skeletal tissues such as bone. In spite of the intensive investigation of jawed vertebrate evolution in comparative morphology and molecular development",{"id":1003,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":1004,"piName":14,"institution":1005,"country":120,"year":13,"amount":1006,"abstract":1007},"cordis-european-research-council-award-312785","The Agricultural Origins of Urban Civilization","THE CHANCELLOR, MASTERS AND SCHOLARS OF THE UNIVERSITY OF OXFORD","€1,199,647","The establishment of farming is a pivotal moment in human history, setting the stage for the emergence of class-based society and urbanization. Monolithic views of the nature and development of early agriculture, however, have prevented clear understanding of how exactly farming fuelled, shaped and sustained the emergence of complex societies. A breakthrough in archaeological approach is needed to determine the actual roles of farming in the emergence of social complexity. The methodology requir",{"id":1009,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":1010,"piName":14,"institution":1005,"country":120,"year":13,"amount":1011,"abstract":1012},"cordis-european-research-council-award-307356","Defusing volcanic eruptions: the escape of volcanic gas","€1,604,211","Volcanic eruptions are driven by the exsolution and escape of dissolved volatiles. Fast and efficient escape of volatiles leads to a lower potential for an explosive eruption: defusing it. Yet, despite recognition of the importance of volatile escape, the mechanisms and kinetics of degassing remain unclear. This study aims to use a pioneering approach to reconstruct the escape of volcanic gases.Exsolved gases are ephemeral and do not survive eruption. However textural evidence such as vesicles, ",{"id":1014,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":1015,"piName":14,"institution":1005,"country":120,"year":13,"amount":1016,"abstract":1017},"cordis-european-research-council-award-311394","Protection against reactive oxygen species in neurodegeneration","€1,328,956","Oxidative stress (OS) is implicated in the pathogenesis of some of the most devastating neurological diseases. Therefore, identification of pathways that counteract oxidative damage may lead to therapeutic strategies applicable to a wide range of disorders. I have recently identified the importance of the mitochondrial oxidation resistance 1 (Oxr1) gene for neuronal survival; loss of Oxr1 causes neurodegeneration in mice, whereas over-expression in vitro is able to confer protection against OS.D",{"id":1019,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":1020,"piName":14,"institution":1005,"country":120,"year":13,"amount":1021,"abstract":1022},"cordis-european-research-council-award-311166","Discovering Gene-Drug Interactions in Breast Cancer With a Systematic and Genetically Tractable Model","€1,497,982","Biomedical research has been very successful in finding the individual genes that are deregulated in cancer and it is estimated that ~2% of all genes can be classified as “cancer genes”. However, it has proven challenging to translate this genomics knowledge into effective treatments.One complication is that cancer cells typically carry many molecular aberrations and every tumor displays a unique pattern. This heterogeneity complicates the application of drugs and biologicals as it often interfe",{"id":1024,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":1025,"piName":14,"institution":1005,"country":120,"year":13,"amount":1026,"abstract":1027},"cordis-european-research-council-award-309477","Biogenesis of lipid droplets and lipid homeostasis","€1,475,282","Organisms and cells face a myriad of environmental changes with periods of nutrient surplus and shortage. It is therefore not surprising that in all kingdoms of life, cells have evolved the means to store energy and thereby minimize the effects of environmental fluctuations. While the capability for energy storage has obvious advantages, deregulated energy accumulation can also be detrimental and is the hallmark of many diseases such as obesity.In most cells energy is stored as neutral lipids in",{"id":1029,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":1030,"piName":14,"institution":146,"country":147,"year":13,"amount":1031,"abstract":1032},"cordis-european-research-council-award-336295","Designing microProteins to alter growth processes in crop plants","€1,443,320","The directed control of protein activity plays a crucial role in the regulation of growth and development of multicellular organisms. Different post-translational control mechanisms are known to influence the activity of proteins. Here, I am proposing a novel way to control the activity of proteins that function as multimeric complexes. MicroProteins, are small single-domain protein species that can influence target proteins by sequestering them into non-productive protein complexes. I have deve",{"id":1034,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":1035,"piName":14,"institution":1036,"country":12,"year":13,"amount":1037,"abstract":1038},"cordis-european-research-council-award-313590","Health Resilience and Economic Shocks: Analysis of Quasi-Natural Experiments Using Multi-Level Modelling","UNIVERSITA COMMERCIALE LUIGI BOCCONI","€1,358,013","One of the greatest contemporary challenges for the social sciences is to understand the human costs of the ongoing financial, economic, and debt crises that began to emerge in Europe in 2007. While much attention has focused on the economic dimensions of recessions in Europe, very little work is being done to analyse the consequences of these events for health and well-being. There are widespread concerns that losses of housing, jobs, and income will have damaging effects on public health. Curi",{"id":1040,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":1041,"piName":14,"institution":1005,"country":120,"year":13,"amount":1042,"abstract":1043},"cordis-european-research-council-award-306587","Computational Multiscale Neuron Mechanics","€1,128,960","The last few years have seen a growing interest for computational cell mechanics. This field encompasses different scales ranging from individual monomers, cytoskeleton constituents, up to the full cell. Its focus, fueled by the development of interdisciplinary collaborative efforts between engineering, computer science and biology, until recently relatively isolated, has allowed for important breakthroughs in biomedicine, bioengineering or even neurology. However, the natural “knowledge barrier",{"id":1045,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":1046,"piName":14,"institution":119,"country":120,"year":13,"amount":1047,"abstract":1048},"cordis-european-research-council-award-310206","Non-coding RNA pathways and the mammalian male germline","€1,499,078","The integrity of the genome transmitted to the next generation intrinsically relies on germline cells. Processes ensuring germ cell development, genomic stability and reproductive lifespan are essential for the long-term success of a species. Spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) support spermatogenesis throughout life, the identity of this mammalian adult stem cell population in vivo remains unknown. Here, we propose analyze the contribution of both short and long non-coding RNAs to mammalian male g",{"id":1050,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":1051,"piName":14,"institution":1005,"country":120,"year":13,"amount":1052,"abstract":1053},"cordis-european-research-council-award-335814","The Jagiellonians: Dynasty, Identity and Memory in Central Europe","€1,407,037","This ERC Starter Grant project will fund an interdisciplinary, transnational and groundbreaking study of the Jagiellonian dynasty (c.1386-1596) and its role, and legacy, in the development of identity in what we now call Central Europe. One of the most spectacularly successful of early modern dynasties, comparable only to the Habsburgs, in 1500 the Jagiellonians ruled a third of continental Europe, an area comprising no fewer than 14 present-day states. Uniquely among European dynasties in this ",{"id":1055,"funder":7,"programme":8,"title":1056,"piName":14,"institution":1057,"country":12,"year":13,"amount":1058,"abstract":1059},"cordis-european-research-council-award-313737","Shadows of Slavery in West Africa and Beyond. A Historical Anthropology","UNIVERSITA' DEGLI STUDI DI MILANO-BICOCCA","€935,100","Though the colonial abolition of West African slavery and slave trade is well researched, the aftermath of slavery still deserves attention. What does it mean to be of slave descent today? How does the legacy of slavery and the slave trade overlap with harsh contemporary forms of marginality and exploitation? Moreover, what do we see when these questions are raised in a much broader comparative perspective? This project looks at the follow up of the abolition of slavery and the slave trade, a gl",200,{"programme":8,"total":1062,"withPiName":1063,"firstYear":1064,"lastYear":1065,"countryCount":1066,"perYear":1067,"topInstitutions":1125,"topCountries":1194},7919,572,2008,2027,52,[1068,1070,1073,1076,1079,1082,1084,1087,1090,1093,1096,1099,1102,1105,1108,1111,1114,1117,1120,1123],{"year":1064,"count":1069},279,{"year":1071,"count":1072},2009,157,{"year":1074,"count":1075},2010,302,{"year":1077,"count":1078},2011,447,{"year":1080,"count":1081},2012,524,{"year":13,"count":1083},456,{"year":1085,"count":1086},2014,297,{"year":1088,"count":1089},2015,366,{"year":1091,"count":1092},2016,376,{"year":1094,"count":1095},2017,419,{"year":1097,"count":1098},2018,582,{"year":1100,"count":1101},2019,393,{"year":1103,"count":1104},2020,384,{"year":1106,"count":1107},2021,394,{"year":1109,"count":1110},2022,514,{"year":1112,"count":1113},2023,512,{"year":1115,"count":1116},2024,473,{"year":1118,"count":1119},2025,482,{"year":1121,"count":1122},2026,556,{"year":1065,"count":1124},6,[1126,1128,1131,1134,1136,1139,1142,1145,1147,1150,1153,1155,1158,1161,1164,1167,1170,1173,1175,1177,1180,1182,1185,1188,1191],{"name":1127,"count":1107},"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique CNRS",{"name":1129,"count":1130},"Max-Planck-Gesellschaft zur Forderung der Wissenschaften Ev",175,{"name":1132,"count":1133},"University of Cambridge",129,{"name":1135,"count":1133},"University of Oxford",{"name":1137,"count":1138},"Hebrew University of Jerusalem",112,{"name":1140,"count":1141},"University College London",110,{"name":1143,"count":1144},"Tel Aviv University",107,{"name":46,"count":1146},104,{"name":1148,"count":1149},"Eidgenoessische Technische Hochschule Zuerich",87,{"name":1151,"count":1152},"Kobenhavns Universitet",85,{"name":1154,"count":1152},"Universiteit Gent",{"name":1156,"count":1157},"Universiteit van Amsterdam",84,{"name":1159,"count":1160},"École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne",83,{"name":1162,"count":1163},"Ludwig-Maximilians-Universitaet Muenchen",82,{"name":1165,"count":1166},"Institut National de la Sante Et de la Recherche Medicale",78,{"name":1168,"count":1169},"Universiteit Utrecht",76,{"name":1171,"count":1172},"Imperial College of Science Technology and Medicine",71,{"name":1174,"count":1172},"Katholieke Universiteit Leuven",{"name":1176,"count":1172},"Technische Universiteit Delft",{"name":1178,"count":1179},"Technion - Israel Institute of Technology",70,{"name":1181,"count":1179},"Technische Universitaet Muenchen",{"name":1183,"count":1184},"Universiteit Leiden",69,{"name":1186,"count":1187},"Agencia Estatal Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas",67,{"name":1189,"count":1190},"The University of Edinburgh",64,{"name":1192,"count":1193},"Helsingin Yliopisto",57,[1195,1197,1199,1201,1203,1204,1206,1208,1210,1212,1214,1216,1218,1220,1222,1224,1227,1230,1233,1236,1238,1241,1244,1246,1249],{"name":35,"count":1196},1346,{"name":120,"count":1198},1007,{"name":21,"count":1200},932,{"name":73,"count":1202},772,{"name":12,"count":1113},{"name":68,"count":1205},475,{"name":47,"count":1207},470,{"name":54,"count":1209},389,{"name":80,"count":1211},348,{"name":159,"count":1213},291,{"name":28,"count":1215},269,{"name":147,"count":1217},189,{"name":482,"count":1219},137,{"name":1221,"count":1141},"IE",{"name":475,"count":1223},108,{"name":1225,"count":1226},"PT",92,{"name":1228,"count":1229},"GB",68,{"name":1231,"count":1232},"PL",60,{"name":1234,"count":1235},"CZ",43,{"name":508,"count":1237},41,{"name":1239,"count":1240},"US",36,{"name":1242,"count":1243},"HU",32,{"name":943,"count":1245},24,{"name":1247,"count":1248},"SI",14,{"name":1250,"count":1251},"EE",10]